Experimental Investigation and Multi-Gene Genetic Programming Simulation of Portland Clinker Burnability

In this study, the effect of chemical composition of the raw material on the clinker burnability was studied by determination of free CaO (wt %) content of clinker. The burnability of two types of Portland clinker was investigated for silica modules of 2.3, 2.5 and 2.7 and lime saturation factor of 0.88–0.98. In addition, using the Multi-gene genetic programming (MGGP) model, the burnability of clinker was predicted. The results of MGGP model indicated that the performance of the model for predicting the amount of free CaO (wt %) was acceptable. Moreover, using MGGP, a promising correlation was introduced for accurately calculating the amount of free CaO (wt %). The performance of this correlation was compared with FL-Smidth, and it was established that the average errors of MGGP correlation and FL-Smidth equation were 2.95 and 7.45 %, respectively.

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Determination of the Chemical Composition of Eucalyptus spp. for Cellulosic Pulp Production

Forests ◽

10.3390/f12121649 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 1649

Author(s):

Túlio Anselmo Sacramento Vieira ◽

Taiana Guimarães Arriel ◽

Antônio José Vinha Zanuncio ◽

Amélia Guimarães Carvalho ◽

Monique Branco-Vieira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Lignin Content ◽

Polar Compounds ◽

Raw Material ◽

Alkanoic Acids ◽

Main Components ◽

Cellulosic Pulp ◽

Pulp Production

The chemical composition of wood is important to assess the quality of this raw material for the industry of cellulosic pulp production. The purpose of this work was to determine the chemical composition of Eucalyptus spp. grown for cellulosic pulp production. Ten Eucalyptus spp. clones with six years of age, located in the municipality of Itamarandiba, Minas Gerais, Brazil, were used. Quantification was obtained for extractives, monosaccharides, uronic acids, acetates, lignin, ash and the phenolic composition of the extracts. In average, clones showed around 2.7% extractives, with a predominance of polar compounds soluble in ethanol and water; 27.7% lignin and 0.3% ash. Glucose was the main sugar detected (64.2%), followed by xylose (19.3%). The main components of the extractives were steroids, fatty acids and aromatic acids, followed by smaller amounts of substituted alkanoic acids, fatty alcohols, glycerol derivatives and triterpenes. The ethanol–water extracts presented total phenol contents ranging from 321.4 to 586.6 mg EAG/g of extract, tannins from 28.1 to 65.1 mg catechin/g of extract and flavonoids from 73.6 to 256.9 mg catechin/g of extract. Clones with a higher holocellulose amount and a lower lignin content showed a higher potential for cellulosic pulp production. These findings are important for the development of high-quality wood based on important traits for the pulp and paper sector.

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Parametric Study of Matisaa Gray Rock as a Potential Clinker Material

Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports ◽

10.9734/ajarr/2020/v14i330334 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 22-29

Author(s):

Mwendwa Geoffrey ◽

Motochi Isaac ◽

Otieno Fredrick

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Size Composition ◽

Particle Size Analysis ◽

Raw Material ◽

Size Analysis ◽

Particle Sizes ◽

X Ray ◽

Saturation Factor ◽

Clinker Production

This study aimed at evaluating Matisaa gray rock (MGR) for clinker production. MGR is naturally abundant in Matisaa, a rural area in Mwingi West District, Kitui county, Kenya. It is locally used as a gabion filler and other concrete structures with desirable physico-mechanical properties. This research employed a controlled experimental design to determine the clinker qualification of MGR. This was based on particle size analysis and raw meal moduli. The standard sieve tests and a Blaine meter were used in the determination of particle size while the raw meal moduli were determined from the respective cement oxides in MGR, which were determined using wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometer. It was observed that 69.65% of the particle size composition of MGR was less than 90 . Out of this composition, 71.60% of the particle sizes were less than 45 , contributing to a specific surface area of 292.5 . The hydraulic modulus (2.05 – 2.61) and lime saturation factor (0.87 – 0.98) are quite desirable though the silica and alumina ratios are higher than the standard range due to the low proportions of and content. The sulfatisation modulus is also undesirable due to the high content of . Thus, without beneficiation, Matisaa gray rock would lead to the production of low-quality clinker. However, the general parametric comparison of Matisaa gray rock with Konza shows that it has the potential for utilization as a clinker raw material.

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Determination of Monensin in Raw Material, Premix, and Animal Feeds by Liquid Chromatography with Correlation to Microbiological Assay

Journal of AOAC International ◽

10.1093/jaoac/75.2.272 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 75 (2) ◽

pp. 272-279 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

J Matthew Rodewald ◽

John W Moran ◽

Alvin L Donoho ◽

Mark R Coleman

Keyword(s):

Liquid Chromatography ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Microbiological Assay ◽

Raw Material ◽

Individual Factors ◽

Reference Standard ◽

Microbiological Activity ◽

Acidic Conditions ◽

The Individual

Abstract A method Is described for the detection and quantitation of monensin In raw material, premix, and feeds by liquid chromatography (LC) with postcolumn derlvatlzatlon with vanillin. Monensin was mixed with vanillin under acidic conditions and heated, and the resulting products were measured by a variable wavelength visible detector operating at 520 nm. The LC response of monensin and monensln-llke factors was determined and correlated to the microbiological response of each factor as determined with Streptococcus faeclum. Monensin reference standard was characterized In the same manner as the individual factors. The chemical composition of the reference standard and the relative microbiological potency values were used In combination to calculate the biopotency contribution of each of the monensin factors. A formula was used to transform chemical composition values of the reference standard to total microbiological activity as obtained directly from a microbiological assay. The formula was tested by comparing samples assayed by LC using the formula to report microbiological potency with samples assayed by the Autoturb method. Finally, the LC method was validated with raw material, premix, cattle rations (including liquid supplements), and poultry rations.

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Processing of Dolomitic By-Products into Porous Restoration Binder

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.788.23 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 788 ◽

pp. 23-29

Author(s):

Inta Kirilovica ◽

Viktorija Sučevana

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Raw Material ◽

Architectural Heritage ◽

Hydraulic Binder ◽

Similar Materials ◽

Magnesium Oxychloride ◽

By Products

The goal of this work concerns the synthesis of a binder for restoration purposes that is physically and chemically compatible with dolomitic Roman cement, a historical binder used for the construction of significant architectural heritage objects in the 19th and 20th centuries. Dolomitic marlstone, the traditional raw material of dolomitic Roman cement, is not being obtained anymore and it is also hard to achieve a constant chemical composition. To address these issues, the experimental synthesis of a low temperature hydraulic binder using locally sourced raw materials, namely dolomite flour and clay, was performed. The developed synthesis technology provides economic and ecological advantages compared to other similar materials, such as lime with pozzolan additive, lime and cement mixtures and magnesium oxychloride cements. The raw material, dolomite flour, is a by–product in the manufacturing process; furthermore, the low firing temperature (800 °C) reduces the power consumption required to obtain the binder.The aim of the work is determination of porosity-related physical characteristics of dolomitic binder that is synthesized by using manufacturing by-product – dolomite flour – as basic raw material to evaluate it’s suitability for restoration purposes.

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Determination of Narasin in Raw Material, Premix, and Animal Feeds by Liquid Chromatography and Correlation to Microbiological Assay

Journal of AOAC International ◽

10.1093/jaoac/77.4.821 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 77 (4) ◽

pp. 821-828 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

John M Rodewald ◽

John W Moran ◽

Alwin L Donoho ◽

Mark R Coleman

Keyword(s):

Liquid Chromatography ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Microbiological Assay ◽

Raw Material ◽

Reference Standard ◽

Wavelength Detector ◽

Acidic Conditions ◽

The Individual ◽

Postcolumn Derivatization

Abstract A method is described for the detection and quantitation of narasin in raw material, premix, and feeds by liquid chromatography (LC) and postcolumn derivatization (PCD) with vanillin. Narasin was mixed with vanillin under acidic conditions and heated, and the resulting products were measured by a variable-wavelength detector operating at 520 nm. The LC responses of narasin and narasinlike factors were determined and correlated to the microbiological response of each factor as determined with Streptococcus faecium. Narasin reference standard was characterized in the same manner as the individual factors. The chemical composition of the reference standard (i.e., the amounts of narasin factors expressed in percent) combined with the relative microbiological potency value was used to calculate the biopotency contribution of each narasin factor. A formula was used to transform chemical composition values (amounts of narasin factors expressed in percent) of the reference standard to total microbiological activity as directly obtained from the microbiological assay. The LC method was validated by analyses of raw material, premix, and cattle and poultry rations.

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Determination of Chemical Composition of Plums During Pre-Treatment and Drying

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S ◽

10.2478/v10216-011-0009-8 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 89-96 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Dorota Walkowiak-Tomczak

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Sucrose Solution ◽

Osmotic Dehydration ◽

Reference Sample ◽

Raw Material ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Pretreatment Conditions ◽

Drying Conditions

Determination of Chemical Composition of Plums During Pre-Treatment and DryingThanks to drying, fruits are available on the market throughout the year. Parameters of drying conditions affect eg the content of bioactive compounds in the product. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of pretreatment conditions and the applied drying method on changes in the chemical composition of plums. Analyses were conducted on plums cv. 'Valor', which were subjected to pre-treatment including blanching, drilling and osmotic dehydration. Next they were dried by the convection method at air temperature of 60°C and flow rate of 1.5 m/s. Dehydration was run in a 61.5% sucrose solution at a temperature of 50°C for 1 or 2 h. Convection-dried plums, with no osmotic dehydration applied, constituted the reference sample. In fresh, dehydrated and dried fruits determinations included dry matter, polyphenols by colorimetry with the Folin reagent and contents of sugars by colorimetry using 3,5-DNS acid. As a result of blanching and dehydration the content of dry matter increased. Water loss after dehydration amounted to as much as 1.45 g H2O/g d.m.0after 2 h in comparison with blanched plums. As a result of dehydration total contents of sugars and polyphenols in plums decreased (mg/100 g d.m.). In convection-dried prunes the content of polyphenols was by 30÷50% higher than in the raw material, but lower than in the reference sample.

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