The North Atlantic Triangle

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volker R. Berghahn
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
The United States ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Consumer Durables ◽  
Mass Consumption ◽  
The North ◽  
Financial Power ◽  
First Time

This chapter deals with the period between the 1923 economic crisis and an even more severe economic breakdown in 1929. This period saw an engagement of the United States in Europe that had not been possible in the immediate postwar years, generating a few years of relative stability and prosperity in which American manufacturing companies and banks played a major role. It was the phase in which the United States succeeded in deploying its superior industrial and financial power in an attempt to uplift the economies of Europe. During those five years it was not only American ideas and practices of rationalized mass production that came to Europe through massive foreign direct investments; rather Europe, again for the first time, got a taste of mass consumption, even if it was still quite limited in terms of affordable consumer durables.

The Invisible Hand of Diplomacy

2021 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-376
Author(s):  
Elizabeth O’Brien Ingleson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Invisible Hand ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Political Transformations ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
First Time ◽  
Simple Narrative ◽  
The U.S

In December 1977, a tiny group of U.S. glove makers—most of whom were African American and Latina women—launched a petition before the U.S. International Trade Commission calling for protection from rising imports. Their target was China. Represented by the Work Glove Manufacturers Association, their petition called for quotas on a particular kind of glove entering the United States from China: cotton work gloves. This was a watershed moment. For the first time since the Communist Party came to power in 1949, U.S. workers singled out Chinese goods in pursuit of import relief. Because they were such a small group taking on a country as large as China, their supporters championed the cause as one of David versus Goliath. Yet the case has been forgotten, partly because the glove workers lost. Here I uncover their story, bringing the history of 1970s deindustrialization in the United States into conversation with U.S.-China rapprochement, one of the most significant political transformations of the Cold War. The case, and indeed the loss itself, reveals the tensions between the interests of U.S. workers, corporations, and diplomats. Yet the case does not provide a simple narrative of U.S. workers’ interests being suppressed by diplomats and policymakers nurturing globalized trade ties. Instead, it also underscored the conflicting interests within the U.S. labor movement at a time when manufacturing companies were moving their production jobs to East Asia.

Review of the Nearctic (north of Mexico) species of Elacatis Pascoe (Coleoptera: Salpingidae: Othniinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4420 (3) ◽  
pp. 301
Author(s):  
DARREN A. POLLOCK
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Photographic Images ◽  
The North ◽  
New Synonym ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Cochise County ◽  
First Time

The North American (north of Mexico) species of Elacatis were revised, based on external and genitalic structures of adults. Seven species are recognized, though the historical inclusion of E. fasciatus Bland among Nearctic species is very likely based on an erroneous collecting locality. Two new species are described, with type localities (counties only) in parentheses: E. larsoni (Nebraska: Box Butte County) and E. stephani (Arizona: Cochise County). The following new synonym is proposed: Othnius umbrosus LeConte 1861 = Othnius lugubris Horn 1868; therefore, only E. umbrosus (LeConte) is associated with dead/dying conifers in western North America. Larval E. umbrosus are thought to be xylophagous, while adults are very likely predaceous. Elacatis senecionis (Champion) and E. immaculatus (Champion) are recorded from north of Mexico for the first time. A lectotype is designated for Elacatis longicornis Horn. A key to the seven species in Canada and the United States is provided, supplemented with photographic images of habiti and selected structural features. Maps of known distributions, based on geo-referenced locality lists, are provided.  

A REVISION OF THE GENUS TACHYPORUS GRAVENHORST (COLEOPTERA: STAPHYLINIDAE) OF NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA

1979 ◽  
Vol 111 (S109) ◽  
pp. 1-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Central America ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
The United States ◽  
Central American ◽  
The North ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Diagnostic Key ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe 35 species of the genus Tachyporus Gravenhorst (Staphylindae: Tachyporinae) of North and Central America are revised. Eighteen new species are described: neomexicanus, fenyesi, and howdenorum from the southwestern United States; sharpi from Mexico and the western United States; blomae from Mexico; nigripennis from California; dimorphus, pacificus, and stacesmithi from the Pacific northwest; rulomoides and browni from southeastern Canada and the northeastern United States; and borealis, canadensis, nimbicola, inornatus, ornatus, lecontei, and flavipennis, which are transcontinental in the United States and Canada. Two European species are reported for the first time from North America: abdominalis (Fabricius) and transversalis Gravenhorst. The following new specific synonymy is proposed: tehamae Blackwelder (= californicus Horn); temacus Blackwelder, oregonus Blackwelder, and alleni Blackwelder (= mexicanus Sharp); and acaudus Say, maculipennis LeConte, and chrysomelinus var. infuscatus Bernhauer (= jocosus Say). The genus is divided into 2 subgenera of which Palporus (type species Staphylinus nitidulus Fabricius) is described as new. The subgenus Tachyporus is divided into 12 species groups. Each species is described and its distribution is mapped. The male aedeagus and the pattern of elytral chaetotaxy are illustrated for each species. Major generic characters are illustrated with the aid of scanning electron photomicrographs. Neotypes are designated for the Say species faber, jocosus, and acaudus and lectotypes are designated (when needed) for the North and Central American species described by Erichson, LeConte, Horn, Sharp, and Blatchley and for a variety described by Bernhauer. A diagnostic key for all the species is given.

The Anti-Nuclear Weapons Movements

1984 ◽  
Vol 17 (01) ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
Michael Mandelbaum
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Nuclear Weapons ◽  
Mass Movement ◽  
The United States ◽  
The West ◽  
Modern Culture ◽  
The North ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
First Time

Of all modern machines, indeed of all the artifacts of modern culture, the bomb is the most frightening. It is the most dangerous of all human inventions. The American, European, and Soviet people have always known how dangerous it is. They have, nevertheless, left nuclear weapons in the hands of the nuclear priesthood. (In the Soviet Union this has not been a matter of choice.) In the 1980s some in the West resolved to take control of the bomb. They began to demand that disarmament replace deterrence as the principal nuclear business of the Atlantic alliance.Probably from 1945 onward the average American or European would, if asked, have said that he wanted to do away with all nuclear arsenals rather than refine or increase them. But the average Westerner was not asked, and did not say so, at least not in any way that influenced public policy. In the 1980s citizens of the West did begin to say so, publicly, loudly, and in growing numbers. For the first time, a mass movement dedicated to shaping the nuclear future appeared on both sides of the Atlantic.In this, as in other things, the North American and the European wings of NATO differ. Opposition to the alliance's nuclear weapons policies made itself known earlier in Europe than in the United States. Both European and American anti-nuclear weapons activists aimed ultimately to lift the nuclear siege that the world must endure as long as these weapons exist. But each rallied around a more immediate issue, and the issues were different. The Europeans opposed the stationing of 572 intermediate-range missiles on the continent, which the NATO governments deemed necessary to offset comparable Soviet weapons. In the United States a proposal to freeze the deployment, testing, and manufacture of all weapons by both superpowers attracted wide support.

scholarly journals ART AS OTHER COLLECTIVES

eTopia ◽  
2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Davis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Black People ◽  
The United States ◽  
The North ◽  
Common Structure ◽  
Racial Tension ◽  
Summer Homes ◽  
A Site ◽  
First Time

Art and nature, art in nature, share a common structure: that of excessive and useless production—production for its own sake, production for the sake of profusion and differentiation. (Grosz 2008: 9)In 1986, artist Lily Yeh was asked by her friend, acclaimed dancer Arthur Hall, to transform the abandoned lot next to his house. He had seen the indoor gardens that she had created in galleries, and asked if she could do a similar project outdoors. When Yeh first entered the North Philadelphia neighbourhood of Fairhill-Hartranft, it was nothing like the neighbourhood she would leave in 2004. Walking down the streets for the first time she saw many adults with suspicious faces staring at her as she made her way past abandoned lot, after abandoned lot. Broken glass in boarded up doorways were the gathering places for people with nowhere else to go. Children played with whatever was lying around; hollering mothers worried about what they were picking up. The lines of poverty and racism, the systematic marginalization and neglect of (primarily) black people in the United States, resulted in the overdetermined positioning of the so-called‘inner-city ghetto.’These lines of death were produced through the conjunctions of policy, brutality, racism and poverty that resulted in a territorialization of this place as a site of crime, violence, drug addiction and hopelessness. But at the beginning of the 20th century, this neighbourhood was the site of summer homes, known for its fields of strawberries. It was then refashioned into a bustling heart of manufacturing, the fields were paved over, and the taste of strawberries turned to burning plastics. The depression hit. Factories began to close, leaving nothing in their wake but a faint rancid smell and contaminated soil. The neighbourhood transformed, riding a wave of white flight and racial tension. People rose up, spoke out and refused to suffer any longer, but in the turmoil, in their anger, they burned the neighbourhood. More suffering, but this time there was simply a feeling of abandonment, hopelessness, stagnation. The policies of the Reagan years left their effect. Lots collected garbage. And so it was that Yeh found herself in North Philadelphia.

Seoul’s new assertiveness recasts Korean missile race

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Democratic Party ◽  
Foreign Minister ◽  
The United States ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The North ◽  
Ballistic Missiles ◽  
Cruise Missiles ◽  
First Time

Significance On September 15, it launched two ballistic missiles from a train for the first time. Hours later, South Korea carried out its first official test of a submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM), becoming the eighth nation to develop this capability, and announced previously undisclosed tests of supersonic cruise missiles. Impacts Testing the SLBM while China's foreign minister was in Seoul signals defiance of Chinese pressure not to side with the United States. The unusually robust riposte to North Korean missiles should boost the ruling Democratic Party by showing it is not soft on Pyongyang. The North Korean tests demonstrate the continued advance of Pyongyang's capabilities, despite sanctions and economic crisis. Seoul's growing capabilities make it a more useful US ally, but also more able to act independently in ways Washington might not want. Further North Korean threats will play into Japan's upcoming prime ministerial election, favouring the more hawkish candidates.

North Korea in 2011

Asian Survey ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. Beck
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North Korea ◽  
The United States ◽  
Leadership Transition ◽  
The North ◽  
First Time

Abstract North Korea underwent a seemingly seamless leadership transition from father to son in the midst of a struggling economy and widespread hunger. The North drew even closer to China but also reached out to the United States and Russia for the first time in several years. Meanwhile, inter-Korean relations remained in a deep freeze.

Mafias on the Move

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Varese
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
The United States ◽  
The West ◽  
Market Expansion ◽  
The North ◽  
Economic Transformations ◽  
At Will

Organized crime is spreading like a global virus as mobs take advantage of open borders to establish local franchises at will. That at least is the fear, inspired by stories of Russian mobsters in New York, Chinese triads in London, and Italian mafias throughout the West. As this book explains, the truth is more complicated. The author has spent years researching mafia groups in Italy, Russia, the United States, and China, and argues that mafiosi often find themselves abroad against their will, rather than through a strategic plan to colonize new territories. Once there, they do not always succeed in establishing themselves. The book spells out the conditions that lead to their long-term success, namely sudden market expansion that is neither exploited by local rivals nor blocked by authorities. Ultimately the inability of the state to govern economic transformations gives mafias their opportunity. In a series of matched comparisons, the book charts the attempts of the Calabrese 'Ndrangheta to move to the north of Italy, and shows how the Sicilian mafia expanded to early twentieth-century New York, but failed around the same time to find a niche in Argentina. The book explains why the Russian mafia failed to penetrate Rome but succeeded in Hungary. A pioneering chapter on China examines the challenges that triads from Taiwan and Hong Kong find in branching out to the mainland. This book is both a compelling read and a sober assessment of the risks posed by globalization and immigration for the spread of mafias.

The End of Empire and the Search for Justice

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Linarelli ◽  
Margot E Salomon ◽  
Muthucumaraswamy Sornarajah
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Economic ◽  
International Law ◽  
International Economic Order ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Order ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Neoliberal Ideology ◽  
First Time

This chapter is a study of the themes of the New International Economic Order (NIEO). It begins with the notion of justice that had been constructed in imperial law to justify empire and colonialism. The NIEO was the first time a prescription was made for justice in a global context not based on domination of one people over another. In its consideration of the emergence of a new notion of justice in international law, the chapter discusses the reasons for the origins of the NIEO, and goes on to describe the principles of the NIEO and the extent to which they came into conflict with dominant international law as accepted by the United States and European states. Next the chapter deals with the rise of the neoliberal ideology that led to the displacement of the NIEO and examines the issue of whether the NIEO and its ideals have passed or whether they continue to be or should be influential in international law. Finally, the chapter turns to the ideas of the NIEO alongside new efforts at promoting a fuller account of justice by which to justify and evaluate international law.

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