The Tar Baby

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Global Trade ◽  
Collective Work ◽  
The World ◽  
Joel Chandler Harris ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Over Time

Perhaps the best-known version of the tar baby story was published in 1880 by Joel Chandler Harris in Uncle Remus: His Songs and His Sayings, and popularized in Song of the South, the 1946 Disney movie. Other versions of the story, however, have surfaced in many other places throughout the world, including Nigeria, Brazil, Corsica, Jamaica, India, and the Philippines. This book offers a fresh analysis of this deceptively simple story about a fox, a rabbit, and a doll made of tar and turpentine, tracing its history and its connections to slavery, colonialism, and global trade. The book explores how the tar baby story, thought to have originated in Africa, came to exist in hundreds of forms on five continents. Examining its variation, reception, and dispersal over time, the book argues that the story is best understood not merely as a folktale but as a collective work in political philosophy. Circulating at the same time and in the same places as new ideas about property and politics developed in colonial law and political economy, the tar baby comes to embody an understanding of the interlocking processes by which custom was criminalized, slaves were captured, and labor was bought and sold. The book concludes with twelve versions of the story transcribed from various cultures in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

Manufacturing a Crisis

2018 ◽  
pp. 25-57
Author(s):  
Darius Ornston
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Credit Rationing ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Free Markets ◽  
Fiscal Deficits ◽  
Manufacturing Enterprises ◽  
The World ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Capital Intensive ◽  
Over Time

This chapter opens the empirical section of the book with the Swedish case. Beginning in the 1930s, policymakers across the world turned to credit rationing, state aid, and planning. This volte-face away from free markets was particularly pronounced in Sweden, which could rely on tight-knit networks to implement and scale new ideas through the politics of persuasion, compensation, and coordination. In many respects, Sweden eclipsed even France, the paradigmatic statist economy, both in its capacity to reform public policy as well as its ability to foster the growth of large, capital-intensive manufacturing enterprises. At the same time, state intervention proved increasingly dysfunctional over time, generating unsustainable trade and fiscal deficits and a deep economic crisis.

New World Baroque, Neobaroque, Brut Barroco: Latin American Postcolonialisms

PMLA ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lois Parkinson Zamora
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Latin American ◽  
New Spain ◽  
New World ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Cultural Perspectives ◽  
The World ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Over Time

During the seventeenth century, the Baroque was exported wholesale to the areas of the world being colonized by Catholic Europe. It is one of the few satisfying ironies of European imperial domination worldwide that the baroque worked poorly as a colonizing instrument. Its visual and verbal forms are ample, dynamic, porous, and permeable, and in all areas colonized by Europe during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the baroque was itself eventually colonized. In the New World, its transplants immediately began to incorporate the cultural perspectives and iconographies of the indigenous and African laborers and artisans who built and decorated Catholic structures. Cultural heresies (and heretics) often entered unnoticed or were ignored for reasons of expediency. Asian influences arrived on the Nao de China (the Manila Galleon) with artifacts from Japan, China, the Moluccas, and the Philippines, destined for Europe but portaged across New Spain, thus joining the diverse cultural streams that over time came to constitute the New World baroque. And, in time, the baroque was also transformed in Europe by New World influences: its materials (silver from Mexico and Peru, ivory from the Philippines), its motifs (fauna and flora from the Caribbean, the Orinoco, the Amazon), and its methods (artistic, doctrinal, indoctrinating).

The Development Paradigm and Its Critics

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
James H. Mittelman
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Social Power ◽  
Development Theory ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Recent Emergence ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Development Paradigm ◽  
Inherent Component ◽  
Over Time

Development cannot be separated from global political economy, but it is an inherent component of the latter. The concept of development was popularized through expansion of colonization, and underwent various transformations as the socio-political structure of the world changed over time. Thus, the central task of development theory is to determine and explain why some countries are underdeveloped and how these countries can develop. Such theories draw on a variety of social science disciplines and approaches. Accordingly, different development paradigms have emerged upon which different scholars have shown profound interests and to which they gave extensive criticisms—modernization, dependency, Marxism, postcolonialism, and globalization. With the recent emergence of the post-modern critique of development, power has become an important subject in the discourse of development. Nevertheless, a full theoretical understanding of the relations between power and development is still in its fledgling stage. Though highly apparent in human societies, social power per se is a polylithic discourse with no unified definition and implication, which has led different proponents of development paradigms to understand power differently. Although there is a dialectic contradiction between the different dialogic paradigms, the reality of development theory is that there is a large choice of theories and models from which field practicioners will draw pragmatically the most appropriate elements, or they will create their own model adapted to the situation.

scholarly journals Governance mechanisms enabling inter-organizational adaptation: Lessons from grand challenge R&D programs

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-282
Author(s):  
Christopher S Hayter ◽  
Albert N Link
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Adaptation ◽  
Grand Challenge ◽  
Governance Mechanisms ◽  
Organizational Governance ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Adaptive Capabilities ◽  
The World ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Operational Aspects

Abstract From climate change to terrorism, the world is confronting complex, trans-national problems. As a contemporary response, governments and non-profit organizations have established grand challenge programs, consisting of multi-sector research and development partnerships, to access innovative new ideas and rapidly scale solutions. Following recent scholarly contributions, this article investigates how problems motivating program establishment were identified, how these problems and related contextual factors evolve over time, and how grand challenge programs evolve in response. It does so through a multi-year study of ten grand challenge programs that differ substantially in purpose and organization. This article finds that adaptive capabilities—inter-organizational governance mechanisms—and operational aspects such as purpose, scope, temporal factors, and partner capabilities are critical to program evolution and impact.

Difficult Partnerships: The World Bank, States, and NGOs

2007 ◽  
Vol 49 (04) ◽  
pp. 149-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah A. Bräutigam ◽  
Monique Segarra
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Strategic Partnership ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Professional Networks ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Time Bank ◽  
Over Time

AbstractSince the early 1990s, World Bank officials in many countries have pressed their government borrowers to include nongovernmental organizations as development partners. What impact has this new partnership norm had in the bank's borrower countries, and why? This article investigates these questions through longitudinal analysis of three cases: Guatemala, Ecuador, and the Gambia. In their first iteration in the 1990s, these bank-sponsored efforts generally failed to take root; yet by the 2000s, NGOs and state actors were engaged in multiple partnerships. This article suggests that over time, bank officials' repeated efforts to embed these new ideas fostered a social learning process that led NGOs to adopt more strategic partnership practices and government officials to see NGO partners as useful. Several factors may affect this learning process: levels of professionalism and the growth of professional networks, the presence of effective “bridge builders,” and the level of historical conflicts.

scholarly journals « Une parole de Dieu fraîchement exprimée » : Fondements, usages et représentations du musée scolaire dans les pensionnats de filles des Soeurs des Saints Noms de Jésus et de Marie (1843-1981)

2007 ◽  
pp. 53-80
Author(s):  
Dominique Laperle
Keyword(s):  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Collective Work ◽  
World Vision ◽  
The World ◽  
Over Time

From 1840 to 1940, there has been a noted increase of school museums dedicated to the Natural Sciences in Quebec. This article analyses the model for museums in different educational establishments for girls in the Montreal area developed by the Congrégation des Soeurs des Saints Noms de Jésus et de Marie. Based on an intuitive approach, lessons using objects, the development of original collections of specimens has been made possible through the voluntary and collective work of the nuns and the students. Ultimately, the collections were displayed in rooms which, over time, have been organized in such a way as to transmit a message in accordance with the spirituality and the world vision of the nuns.

Political Economy for Workers: A. N. Bakh’s Tsar-Golod

Slavic Review ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 768-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah L. Pearl
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Human Suffering ◽  
Capitalist System ◽  
The World ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The Cost

“There’s a tsar in the world, a merciless tsar; / His name is—hunger!” These lines, taken from Nikolai A. Nekrasov’s poem “Zheleznaia doroga” (1864), serve as the epigraph for one of the most popular works of Russian revolutionary propaganda literature of the late nineteenth century, the pamphlet Tsar-golod by Aleksei Nikolaevich Bakh, a People’s Will activist of the early 1880s. Nekrasov’s poem vividly depicts the cost in human suffering of the construction of the Moscow to St. Petersburg railroad. As with other works by Nekrasov, the poem arouses the reader’s sympathy for Russian common folk and outrage at their plight. Bakh, when faced with the task of devising lessons for workers’ propaganda circles, picked up the striking image of Tsar Hunger, driving workers to labor and often to death, and used it as a recurring theme, while he transformed the message. Bakh’s brochure, a dissection and analysis of the capitalist system, leaves behind the world of poetry for that of cold reality. The author’s purpose is not simply to inspire sympathy for the people’s suffering, but also to lead his worker audience to understand the economic system that exploited them and to recognize the urgent need for revolution.

Masonería, Cofradía, Katipunan

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-71
Author(s):  
John T. Sidel
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
South America ◽  
Public Sphere ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Spanish Colonial ◽  
International Context ◽  
Colonial State ◽  
The World ◽  
Late Nineteenth

This chapter argues that the Philippine Revolution of the late nineteenth century can be most fully understood in light of the international context in which it unfolded and the cosmopolitan mobilizing structures that enabled and impelled the trajectory it followed. The chapter suggests that the timing of the Philippine Revolution — late relative to South America, early in Southeast Asia — owed less to the nationalizing impact of Spanish colonial state formation than to the cosmopolitanizing consequences of the deepening integration of the Philippine archipelago within the world capitalist economy over the course of the nineteenth century. The chapter reviews the church's fundamental role in the formation of a modern public sphere in the Philippines and in linking the Philippines to the very same cultural, intellectual, and linguistic world of Christianity, which liberal and republican cosmopolitan challenges to the universalist claims of Rome had emerged. Ultimately, the chapter discusses how plebeian and egalitarian forms of brotherhood provided the basis for a revolution within the Revolution, with the associational form of the cofradía providing a popular vehicle for subaltern mobilization in many provinces across the archipelago.

Unconventional Histories of Capitalism

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 589-597
Author(s):  
Sudev Sheth
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Computational Tools ◽  
American Perspective ◽  
Regional Markets ◽  
The World ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Financial Crisis Of 2008 ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Way

The financial crisis of 2008 brought with it a renewed interest in the study of capitalism across disciplines. While historians have since led the way with writings on commodities, labor, finance, and institutions, these have been largely conveyed from the Euro-American perspective without necessarily probing other values, parameters, and conditions beyond western political economy that have shaped business over time. This article suggests that to assess the benefits and limits of the global capitalist experience, we must prioritize unconventional subjects, sources, and styles in how we frame research questions, analyze evidence, and cast narratives. Such an endeavor is especially timely given the growing influence of regional markets around the world and the increasing prominence of computational tools to generate and analyze novel datasets.

scholarly journals The metaphysical space identity and the identity of the individual, its borders under the civilizational paradigm

KANT ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-182
Author(s):  
Alisa Anatolyevna Kholodova
Keyword(s):  
Human History ◽  
Real Form ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Over Time

The problem of identity and identity of the individual, which exists throughout human history, is particularly acute at the intersection of epochs, when existing knowledge and skills are not enough to understand the processes taking place in society, history, and nature, and new theories and tools have not yet been developed. When a civilization was faced with a paradox, when it was decided whether to live as before or accept a new one, it was individuals who were able to go beyond identity that showed a new path. It went against the existing dogmas, against identity. Moreover, over time, man had to accept many more rules and restrictions than at the beginning of his existence. At the intersection of epochs, there was an infusion of new ideas into society. This was done by people who did not just see the future in dreams or nightmares, but were able to imagine what the implementation of a particular postulate in the life of society entails. There was a crisis that literally buried all the old ideas about the world around us and other communities. It was then that the metaphysical perception of the world took on a real form, which, nevertheless, had to be worked out for the sake of the existence of society as a whole.

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