Oxford

2018 ◽  
pp. 172-184
Author(s):  
Robert E. Lerner
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The One ◽  
New Research ◽  
Two Bodies

This chapter details events following Ernst Kantorowicz's arrival in Oxford. As a result of the events in Frankfurt, Kantorowicz accepted the fellowship that was offered him at Oxford. Upon arriving in January 1934 he entered an entirely different cultural universe from the one in which he had lived. Crossing the Channel made him an Anglophile. This change in attitude affected aspects of his scholarly subject matter in both the short and long term—ultimately being most evident in The King's Two Bodies. In addition, the six months in England offered him the opportunity to engage in new research endeavors that issued into his second book, Laudes Regiae. Another advantage was that he had to speak English.

Making Geoeconomics an IR Research Program

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Jung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Research Program ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
Great Power ◽  
Grand Strategy ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Parsimonious Explanation ◽  
Conceptual Clarity ◽  
The One ◽  
New Research

Abstract In contrast to growing public attention to geoeconomics as the new mode of conducting great power competition, the IR discipline has not actively engaged in conceptual and theoretical analysis from the geoeconomic viewpoint. This article examines issues that geoeconomics needs to solve to become a new theoretical framework in the positivist “American” IR scholarship that dominates research on great power competition. On the one hand, the concept of geoeconomics needs to be redefined and account for a phenomenon that is not already covered in extant IR scholarship. Thus, geoeconomics should be considered as a form of grand strategy and defined as the use of economic instruments to advance mid- to long-term strategic interests in a geographical region of the world. On the other hand, geoeconomics in positivist IR should take into account international economic structure and domestic politics in developing a parsimonious explanation for the conditions to employ geoeconomic grand strategy. In this process, the theorist needs to make an analytical choice to concentrate on certain factors and mechanisms to assure theoretical parsimony. This article concludes that addressing the issues of conceptual clarity and parsimonious theorization would potentially allow geoeconomics to become a new research program in positivist IR.

scholarly journals “Foreign Terrorist Fighters”: A Human Rights Approach?

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 120-172
Author(s):  
Helen Duffy
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Organised Crime ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The One ◽  
Long Term Impact

This article reflects on the proliferation of responses to the so-called phenomenon of “foreign terrorist fighters,” and the profound human rights challenges they give rise to. It considers national, regional and international developments, many spurred by an activist Security Council, through which expanded powers have been assumed and rights restricted by reference to the need to respond to ftf threats. A series of uncomfortable relationships emerge from this analysis. They include for example tensions: between the evolving and still relatively superficial understanding of the nature and source of uncertain threats and contributing factors on the one hand, and the onerous and far-reaching nature of responses directed against them on the other; between the expansive use of coercive measures including criminal law, and basic constraining principles of criminal law upon which its legitimacy and power depends, such as individual culpability, harm principle and remoteness; or between the original purposes of most ftf measures and their impact in practice, on the operation of humanitarian law, on humanitarian workers and human rights defenders, and on the rule of law. Exceptional ftf measures continue to spread their reach and creep into other areas of security and organised crime. The article highlights the need to consider the short and long term impact, on the full range of rights of many, of the array of administrative, criminal and other measures being passed into law and implemented in practice across the globe in the name of responding to the ill-defined phenomenon of “ftfs”.

scholarly journals Conditional Variance Forecasts for Long-Term Stock Returns

Risks ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enno Mammen ◽  
Jens Perch Nielsen ◽  
Michael Scholz ◽  
Stefan Sperlich
Keyword(s):  
Stock Returns ◽  
Conditional Variance ◽  
Price Ratio ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
Step Procedure ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Smoothing Parameters ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One

In this paper, we apply machine learning to forecast the conditional variance of long-term stock returns measured in excess of different benchmarks, considering the short- and long-term interest rate, the earnings-by-price ratio, and the inflation rate. In particular, we apply in a two-step procedure a fully nonparametric local-linear smoother and choose the set of covariates as well as the smoothing parameters via cross-validation. We find that volatility forecastability is much less important at longer horizons regardless of the chosen model and that the homoscedastic historical average of the squared return prediction errors gives an adequate approximation of the unobserved realised conditional variance for both the one-year and five-year horizon.

scholarly journals Environmental Dimesion of the COVID-19 Pandemic: New Chance for Green Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (12) ◽  
pp. 128-140
Author(s):  
T. Rovinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Economic Recession ◽  
State Level ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Environmental Programs ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The One

The article investigates the changes in environment that occurred in response to economic processes during the COVID‑19 pandemic (2019–2021), and related transformation of socio-political attitudes towards Green Policy and Green Economy. From the environmentalistic point of view, the pandemic played a twofold role. On the one part, it allowed the nature to “take a break” from an excessive anthropogenic pressure on the atmosphere and hydrosphere, and once again mobilized the humanity to reconsider the principles of interaction with the environment. On the other part, different types of pollution (daily and medical waste, plastic) increased dramatically; funding of international and national environmental programs was cut due to the economic recession worldwide. Nevertheless, the multidimensional crisis caused by the pandemic gave a new chance to the Green Economy. The most influential states of the world (the EU countries, USA, China and Russia) actively implement the Green Economy instruments at the state level. This process incorporates all economy sectors: finances, energy, industry, transport, agriculture and other. The European Union which had taken this path before the pandemic started is in an advanced position. At the same time, the foundations of the future environment-oriented economic policy are already enshrined in official documents (strategies, action plans, legislative acts, etc.) adopted by the leading nations thus far. Noteworthy is that the COVID‑19 crisis has updated the green political and economic agenda globally, regardless of differences between the states, which verifies the importance and necessity of agreeing a conceptually new approach to interaction with the environment in the short and long term.

Justice Matters: Peace Negotiations, Stable Agreements, and Durable Peace

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Druckman ◽  
Lynn Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Civil Wars ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Negotiated Agreements ◽  
Peace Negotiations ◽  
Peace Agreements ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The One ◽  
Durable Peace

Attaining durable peace (DP) after a civil war has proven to be a major challenge, as many negotiated agreements lapse into violence. How can negotiations to terminate civil wars be conducted and peace agreements formulated to contribute to lasting peace? This question is addressed in this study with a novel data set. Focusing on justice, we assess relationships between process (procedural justice [PJ]) and outcome (distributive justice [DJ]) justice on the one hand and stable agreements (SA) and DP on the other. Analyses of fifty peace agreements, which were reached from 1957 to 2008, showed a path from PJ to DJ to SA to DP: The justice variables were instrumental in enhancing both short- and long-term peace. These variables had a stronger impact on DP than a variety of contextual- and case-related factors. The empirical link between justice and peace has implications for the way that peace negotiations are structured.

scholarly journals Editorial: Introducing the IMPACT Journal and its First Issue

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chrysi Kyratsou ◽  
Cathrinea McNulty Burrows ◽  
Hoa Nguyen ◽  
Heather E. Barry ◽  
Lilian Simones
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Community Involvement ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Multidisciplinary Working ◽  
Collaborative Working ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Impact

Welcome to this, the first issue of the International Modern Perspectives on Academia and Community Today (IMPACT) Journal. In creating this Journal and producing this first issue we have proven that multidisciplinary working is possible. Moreover, we have shown that as academics, we have the power to challenge the norms and work in innovative ways within the contexts of our institutions. Thinking and working in innovative ways reflects on our practices as we reimagine our work and role in working with the community. Through the creation of a multidisciplinary Journal, we intend to provide a platform that will not only host approaches used in various disciplines but will also act as a merging point by putting forward perspectives from the communities alongside academic work. In doing so, we hope to promote new forms of dialogue, which have the potential to generate new research directions, and help cement the notion that academia and community are intertwined rather than separate entities within the social relations. The purpose of academic practice is to serve the needs of the community as both members of the community and academics who adopt an advocacy standpoint. Therefore, we hope that through the collaborative working practices underpinning this initiative we can achieve our aim to promote community involvement and engagement and meaningful contribution in the short and long term.

Why do logging companies adopt or reject forest certification in the Congo basin? Insights from Cameroon

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-349
Author(s):  
I. NDOUMBE BEROCK ◽  
S. ONGOLO
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Congo Basin ◽  
Forest Certification ◽  
Forest Operations ◽  
Client Relationships ◽  
The One ◽  
New Research ◽  
Basin Region ◽  
A Company

This study aims to understand, through the example of Cameroon, why industrial logging companies adopt or avoid sustainable certification or labelling systems of their forest operations in the Congo Basin region. From a methodological standpoint, the research is based on a sample of three empirical case studies of logging companies operating in Cameroon: an 'anti-certification' company (the model, due to the majority trend of non-certified logging companies in this region), a company in the process of certification (the intermediate case), and a certified company (the marginal case, due to the scarcity of certified companies in the study area). While focusing on these three cases, we chose to avoid reifying the dominant case of anti-certification companies. Hence the choice of highlighting this majority trend by carrying out a comparative study with an intermediate and a marginal case. The analysis of these three case studies reveals that the high cost of long term certification, the risks of patronage and cronyism in Patron-Client (customer-provider/boss) relationships that feature sustainable labelling processes are the main reasons for the low level of commitment of logging companies to forest certification in Cameroon. At the end of the research, we recommend that other complementary and more specific research should focus on the flaws in patron-client relationships that characterize forest certification processes on the one hand, and on the necessary conditions to avoid patronage and cronyisms risks or excesses in these relations on the other hand, especially in a poor governance context like Cameroon. Similarly, we encourage that new research be carried out to better understand whether and how transaction and opportunity costs influence the decisions of industrial logging companies in favour of or against forest certification.

scholarly journals P161 EMERGENCY LAPAROSCOPIC REPAIR OF A PARASTOMAL HERNIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_8) ◽  
Author(s):  
María Jose Cuevas ◽  
Diego Pinilla ◽  
Alejandro Sánchez ◽  
José Tinoco ◽  
Luis Tallón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Parastomal Hernia ◽  
Laparoscopic Approach ◽  
Synthetic Mesh ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Sugarbaker Technique

Abstract Aim The aim of this video is to present the laparoscopic approach to an incarcerated parastomal hernia, using the modified Sugarbaker technique. Material and Methods A 50-year-old man with a definitive terminal colostomy after undergoing an abdominoperineal resection due to a rectal cancer, consulted in the emergency room with abdominal pain and an incarcerated mass below the colostomy, without evidence of intestinal obstruction. A CT scan was performed, with the finding of infarcted epiploic appendages inside the parastomal hernia. After evaluation of the case, emergency surgery was decided, opting for a laparoscopic approach to the parastomal hernia, employing the modified Sugarbaker technique. Results Following the dissection of the hernial sac and resection of the necrotic fat content, a partial closure of the hernial orifice was done. A hernioplasty was performed using a composite synthetic mesh, that was fixated with helical sutures. After surgery, the patient evolved favorably and was discharged 72 hours after the procedure. In the one year of follow-up, the patient was asymptomatic and there were no data of recurrence either on the clinical examination or the control CT scan. Conclusions The laparoscopic approach to an incarcerated parastomal hernia is possible and safe when performed in well-selected cases by the hands of experienced surgeons, offering good short and long-term results.

Effects of initial N reserve status and residual leaf area after cutting on leaf area and organ establishment during regrowth of alfalfa

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 1059-1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Simon ◽  
M. L. Decau ◽  
J. C. Avice ◽  
A. Jacquet ◽  
F. Meuriot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
The One

Nitrogen reserves in remaining organs and residual leaf area after cutting have long been recognized as key factors during alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) regrowth. The present work examined which morphological components were influenced by contrasting initial N status and residual leaf area during 29 d of regrowth after cutting at 15 cm height. Two levels of initial N reserves (high and low) and of residual leaf areas (not or completely defoliated) were combined in four treatments. Both factors affected shoot dry matter (DM) production at the end of regrowth. The increase in DM of new organs observed with high N reserves resulted from a combination of short- and long-term effects on plant morphology; i.e., (1) an increase in the rate of axis appearance from the crown in the early regrowth stage (day 0–9) and (2) an increase in individual leaf area (ILA) all along the regrowth. Compared with completely defoliated plants, plants with a residual leaf area at cutting exhibited an increased rate of axillary stems appearance all along the regrowth. Then the architecture of plants with a residual leaf area was more branched than the one of defoliated plants. This increase in branching was always associated with smaller ILA. Hence, differences in plant leaf area were only significant in the early growth stage. This suggested that differences observed in new stems DM at the end of the regrowth were established by day 9 and remained unchanged in late regrowth. Our results clearly showed that initial N reserve status and residual leaf area both significantly modify the dynamic of leaf area establishment and new organ growth of alfalfa. Key words: Medicago sativa L., defoliation, morphology, N storage, stems regrowth

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