National Security

2019 ◽  
pp. 317-336
Author(s):  
Melvyn P. Leffler
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
American Foreign Policy ◽  
Core Values ◽  
Grand Strategy ◽  
Early American ◽  
External Threats ◽  
Perception Of Threat ◽  
Perceived Danger ◽  
Definition Of

This chapter reflects on the concept of national security in early American foreign policy. It also illuminates the relationships between the concept of national security and the burgeoning numbers of books and articles dealing with grand strategy. Here, national security had come to mean the defense of core values from external threats. As understood by U.S. officials, national security was a dynamic, changing concept, responding to the evolution of threats abroad and the definition of core values at home. Core values themselves were elusive, forcing historians and scholars of international relations to discover and analyze precisely what interests, ideals, or values policymakers most wanted to defend. Similarly, external threats existed in the eyes of beholders; different observers perceived danger in dramatically different ways. What were real threats and what were perceived threats might only be resolved in the aftermath of events, and perhaps not even then. Nonetheless, to understand the making of national security policy, the historian had to empathize with the policymakers and had to understand their perception of threat (however accurate or skewed).

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Melvyn P. Leffler
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
National Security ◽  
American Foreign Policy ◽  
Grand Strategy ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Military Power ◽  
Democratic Capitalism ◽  
Perception Of Threat ◽  
The Individual

This introductory chapter chronicles how the author's study of American foreign policy over the decades gravitated toward an analysis of the meaning of national security. This was not intentional. It resulted from a long struggle to wrestle with evidence that led to attempts to synthesize the three levels of analysis that scholars of international relations often talk about: the individual, the domestic/state, and the international. By using the concept of national security, the author was able to analyze the motives shaping U.S. policymakers, examine their perception of threat and opportunity, assess their willingness to incur commitments and responsibilities abroad, study their readiness to employ military power, and gain an appreciation of how they saw the links between external configurations of power and the preservation of democratic capitalism at home. As the author embraced complexity, studied the evolving literature on grand strategy, and grappled with contingency, his empathy for the policymakers grew.

ENGAGING THE WORLD: ANTHONY LAKE AND AMERICAN GRAND STRATEGY, 1993–1997

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 869-901
Author(s):  
FRANK L. JONES
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
National Security ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Grand Strategy ◽  
National Security Strategy ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
Mental Map ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Cold War

ABSTRACTUsing recently available archival material, this article examines Lake's key beliefs and the part they had in shaping US grand strategy in the first Clinton administration. Lake operated as one of the major architects of the administration's foreign policy. His intellectual influence commenced in the 1992 presidential campaign, when he served as candidate Bill Clinton's principal foreign policy adviser, and continued through the first presidential term, reaching its most concrete manifestation in the Clinton administration's 1994 National security strategy. The article analyses Lake's ideas and his overarching concerns about national purpose, his strategic vision, and his definition of national security policy objectives using the analytical framework known as a mental map. Likewise, it considers his role in articulating a new grand strategy during a period of strategic adjustment, one in which the cold war doctrine of containment no longer applied.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georg Löfflmann
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Grand Strategy ◽  
The Political ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Alternative Definition ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Conventional Literature ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
American Grand Strategy

This chapter highlights the conflict of competing grand strategy discourses under the Obama presidency, which are identified as hegemony, engagement and restraint. It provides an overview of the political significance of grand strategy and its treatment in the academic literature. The chapter describes the political and expert debate of American grand strategy under the Obama presidency and briefly introduces the theoretical-methodological framework that has guided the research into competing discourses of American grand strategy under Obama. The chapter offers an alternative definition of grand strategy from the conventional literature, identifying it as discursive link between geopolitical identity and national security.

scholarly journals National Security Strategy of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 677-698
Author(s):  
Andrii Zahorulko
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Integral Functional ◽  
Security Strategy ◽  
National Interests ◽  
External Threats ◽  
National Security Strategy ◽  
Defence Sector ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
The Individual

Creating appropriate conditions for a stable development of the individual, society and state, and simultaneously providing a high level of protection of national interests, has been identified as a priority of the Ukrainian national security policy. The Ukrainian state ought to review all challenges and threats and adopt a new national security strategy. Current circumstances require the National Security Strategy of Ukraine of 2015 to become an integral functional element of the security and defence sector. The National Security Strategy has to become an open and mandatory document developed solely for the practical purpose of comprehensive protection of national security and territorial integrity of Ukraine. The implementation of these priorities is to be ensured through the restoration of peace and state sovereignty in the temporarily occupied territories of Donetsk and Luhansk regions, by implementing a complex set of international, legal, political, diplomatic, security, humanitarian, and economic measures. The key implementation goal should focus on the establishment of the principles of safe and legal country, free in its choice of domestic and foreign political options and development tendencies. External threats are rather more dangerous than internal, but the content of geopolitical security is primarily based on the organic combination of external and internal security. The imperfection of national security legislation and the low efficiency of its implementation are the reason for malfunctioning of the defence sector, which makes ensuring the full realization of national interests impossible.

scholarly journals Scientific approaches to the system of concepts of "national security": international legal aspect

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 70-77
Author(s):  
А. Альван
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Legal Aspect ◽  
The State ◽  
Constitutional Rights ◽  
External Threats ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Single Well ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

Scientific approaches to the concept of "national security" are systematized in the article. The author substantiates that there are four main approaches to the concept of "national security". The first group - works devoted to the terminological characterization of national security. Another group - the authors define national security because of the state of protection of vital interests, the individual, society and the state against all kinds of threats. The third group is studies that analyze the types of national security, in particular: economic, environmental, financial, personnel, financial, social, etc. These characteristics reflect their socio-political nature, trace the unity of personal, public and state security, developing political and other processes. The fourth group of studies are those that pay attention to problems related to the correct use of the concept of "national security" and the possibility of its replacement. Fifth group - analyzes the interaction and correlation of threats and security.There is no single, well-defined definition of national security today. No matter what approach the authors use, there are different approaches, and in some cases, complications or simplifications of this category.In our opinion, national security should be understood as a state of protection of the individual, society and state against a wide range of internal and external threats, which ensure the realization of citizens' constitutional rights and freedoms, decent quality and standard of living, sovereignty, independence, state and territorial integrity. , sustainable socio-economic development of the state.

NATIONAL SECURITY IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION: A THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF THE CONTENT

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruslan Pliushch ◽  
◽  
Viktoriia Filippova ◽  
Oksana Pronina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Main Task ◽  
National Security Policy ◽  
External Threats ◽  
Policy And Strategy ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Realistic Assessment ◽  
Entire Society

Globalization has become one of the factors that led to the formation of a new concept of national security, according to which it is an integral part of the system of the highest level (regional, international, global security), which is a consequence of the integration of the world community in an effort to overcome common threats and challenges. Provision of national security is the main task of the foreign policy of the state, the aim of the national security policy is protection of the state and society from external threats. It is established that national security is a process that includes various measures that guarantee the long and free existence and national (state) development, including the protection and defense of the state as a political institution, and the protection of people and the entire society, their benefits and the natural environment from threats that significantly limit its functioning or harm the benefits subject to special protection. The analysis of the process of formation and development of ideas and views on the problem of defining the essence and content of national security showed that national security acts as an extremely complex, contradictory and long-term, but very important and necessary process to ensure sustainable development of society and state, the preconditions of which were established in different historical eras. It has been proved that national security policy and strategy should define the roles and boundaries of different actors of the country's security, appropriate mechanisms of coordination of their activities and rules of interagency support. In the context of globalization, national security strategies should include a realistic assessment of the costs and sustainability of security institutions and plan their development, in addition, national security strategies and policies are not static and require periodic updating.

scholarly journals State national security policy and intellectual property issues

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-33
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Zaikivskyi ◽  
Oleksandr Onistrat
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
National Security ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Destabilizing Factors ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Further Development

Keywords: state policy, national security, intellectual property National security (“NS”) of Ukraine is achieved through a balancedstate policy in accordance with accepted doctrines, strategies, concepts and programsin such areas as political, economic, social, military, environmental, scientific andtechnological, information, etc.However, many theoretical and practical issues concerning the definition of thecontent, challenges, tasks and mechanisms of implementation of effective functions ofpublic policy and management decisions for the further development of social processesstill remain insufficiently studied. Therefore, the main tasks of the NS system subjectsare constant monitoring of the impact on NS of processes taking place in variousfields (including intellectual property), forecasting, identifying and assessing possiblethreats, destabilizing factors and conflicts, their causes and occurrence consequences.In particular, the impact on NS (especially on defence capabilities) of the significantdevelopment of intellectual property and the full use of intellectual property rights isnot taken into account at all.State NS policy should include measures to prevent the emergence and neutralizationof sources of threats to NS under the influence of the development of intellectualproperty.Theoretical aspects of the state policy of National Security and Defence of Ukraine(“NSDU”) development are considered. The necessity of current problems definition inthis sphere and the inclusion of intellectual property questions in these processes isinvestigated. It is determined that the effective implementation of the state NS policyis impossible without a comprehensive analysis of intellectual property issues impacton the sphere of the NSDU. The importance of further research on the development ofa unified approach to improving the protection of intellectual property and its determinationas a component of NSDU, the development of appropriate recommendationsto address issues of intellectual property in this area and to neutralize sources ofthreats under the influence of intellectual property in the structure of NSDU.

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