Different Statistical Relations to Collect Information about the Effect of Climatic Factors and Soil Moisture Status on Cotton Production

Flooding and drought are major causes of reductions in crop productivity. Root distribution indicates crop adaptation to water stress. Therefore, we aimed to identify crop roots response based on root distribution under various soil conditions. The root distribution of four crops—maize, millet, sorghum, and rice—was evaluated under continuous soil waterlogging (CSW), moderate soil moisture (MSM), and gradual soil drying (GSD) conditions. Roots extended largely to the shallow soil layer in CSW and grew longer to the deeper soil layer in GSD in maize and sorghum. GSD tended to promote the root and shoot biomass across soil moisture status regardless of the crop species. The change of specific root density in rice and millet was small compared with maize and sorghum between different soil moisture statuses. Crop response in shoot and root biomass to various soil moisture status was highest in maize and lowest in rice among the tested crops as per the regression coefficient. Thus, we describe different root distributions associated with crop plasticity, which signify root spread changes, depending on soil water conditions in different crop genotypes as well as root distributions that vary depending on crop adaptation from anaerobic to aerobic conditions.

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Spatiotemporal Variation of the Burned Area and Its Relationship with Climatic Factors in Central Kazakhstan

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs13020313 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 313

Author(s):

Yongfang Xu ◽

Zhaohui Lin ◽

Chenglai Wu

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Relative Humidity ◽

Central Asia ◽

Climatic Factors ◽

Spatiotemporal Variation ◽

Lower Atmosphere ◽

Burned Area ◽

Circulation Index ◽

Precipitation Anomalies ◽

The Relationship

Central Asia is prone to wildfires, but the relationship between wildfires and climatic factors in this area is still not clear. In this study, the spatiotemporal variation in wildfire activities across Central Asia during 1997–2016 in terms of the burned area (BA) was investigated with Global Fire Emission Database version 4s (GFED4s). The relationship between BA and climatic factors in the region was also analyzed. The results reveal that more than 90% of the BA across Central Asia is located in Kazakhstan. The peak BA occurs from June to September, and remarkable interannual variation in wildfire activities occurs in western central Kazakhstan (WCKZ). At the interannual scale, the BA is negatively correlated with precipitation (correlation coefficient r = −0.66), soil moisture (r = −0.68), and relative humidity (r = −0.65), while it is positively correlated with the frequency of hot days (r = 0.37) during the burning season (from June to September). Composite analysis suggests that the years in which the BA is higher are generally associated with positive geopotential height anomalies at 500 hPa over the WCKZ region, which lead to the strengthening of the downdraft at 500 hPa and the weakening of westerlies at 850 hPa over the region. The weakened westerlies suppress the transport of water vapor from the Atlantic Ocean to the WCKZ region, resulting in decreased precipitation, soil moisture, and relative humidity in the lower atmosphere over the WCKZ region; these conditions promote an increase in BA throughout the region. Moreover, the westerly circulation index is positively correlated (r = 0.53) with precipitation anomalies and negatively correlated (r = −0.37) with BA anomalies in the WCKZ region during the burning season, which further underscores that wildfires associated with atmospheric circulation systems are becoming an increasingly important component of the relationship between climate and wildfire.

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Interval of days required for determining efficient relations between climatic factors and cotton flower and boll production

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p01-013 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 82 (3) ◽

pp. 499-506 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zakaria M Sawan ◽

Louis I Hanna ◽

Willis L McCuistion

Keyword(s):

Soil Temperature ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Surface Soil ◽

Cultural Practices ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Climatic Factors ◽

Sunshine Duration ◽

Field Trials ◽

Cotton Production ◽

Surface Soil Temperature

The cotton plant (Gossypium spp.) is sensitive to numerous environmental factors. This study was aimed at predicting effects of climatic factors grouped into convenient intervals (in days) on cotton flower and boll production compared with daily observations. Two uniformity field trials using the cotton (G. barbadense L.) cv. Giza 75 were conducted in 1992 and 1993 at the Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt. Randomly chosen plants were used to record daily numbers of flowers and bolls during the reproductive stage (60 days). During this period, daily air temperature, temperature magnitude, evaporation, surface soil temperature, sunshine duration, humidity, and wind speed were recorded. Data, grouped into intervals of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 10 d, were correlated with cotton production variables using regression analysis. Evaporation was found to be the most important climatic variable affecting flower and boll production, followed by humidity and sunshine duration. The least important variables were surface soil temperature at 0600 and minimum air temperature. The 5-d interval was found to provide the best correlation with yield parameters. Applying appropriate cultural practices that minimize the deleterious effects of evaporation and humidity could lead to an important improvement in cotton yield in Egypt. Key words: Cotton, flower production, boll production, boll retention

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Dryness Indices Based on Remotely Sensed Vegetation and Land Surface Temperature for Evaluating the Soil Moisture Status in Cropland-Forest-Dominant Watersheds

Terrestrial Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences ◽

10.3319/tao.2015.04.22.01(hy) ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 26 (5) ◽

pp. 599

Author(s):

Heewon Moon ◽

Minha Choi

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Surface Temperature ◽

Land Surface Temperature ◽

Land Surface ◽

Remotely Sensed ◽

Soil Moisture Status

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DETERMINING SURFACE SOIL MOISTURE STATUS USING DIGITAL IMAGE ANALYSIS

Misr Journal of Agricultural Engineering ◽

10.21608/mjae.2012.101378 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 1545-1566

Author(s):

D. M. El Shikha ◽

A. M. El-Ghamry ◽

A. M. El Shikha

Keyword(s):

Image Analysis ◽

Soil Moisture ◽

Digital Image ◽

Digital Image Analysis ◽

Surface Soil ◽

Surface Soil Moisture ◽

Soil Moisture Status

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A COMPARISON OF TWO METHODS FOR DETERMINING THE EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AND DRAINAGE COMPONENTS OF THE SOIL WATER BALANCE

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss87-004 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 67 (1) ◽

pp. 43-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

C. P. MAULÉ ◽

D. S. CHANASYK

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Water Balance ◽

Gradient Method ◽

Field Capacity ◽

The Other ◽

Soil Water Balance ◽

Moisture Loss ◽

Moisture Extraction ◽

Soil Moisture Status ◽

Capacity Method

Two simple techniques for separating soil moisture loss into drainage and evapotranspiration for cropped conditions were compared. The study was conducted during May through September 1983 at Ellerslie, Alberta. One technique, the field capacity method, utilized soil tension at − 4 kPa to demarcate the cessation of drainage; the other technique, the gradient method, utilized changes in soil moisture status relative to fallow conditions, to mark the onset of moisture extraction by roots. Both methods estimated similar amounts of drainage and evapotranspiration for the barley plots. Application and thus proper evaluation of these two methods were limited as more than 83% of the total drainage occurred during a 3-wk period in which only the Penman method for estimating evapotranspiration could be used. Key words: Water balance, drainage, evapotranspiration, field capacity method, gradient method

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Drip irrigation affects N2O emission differently depending on soil moisture status in an intensive vegetable production system

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-15035 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xiuchun Xu ◽

Di Wu ◽

Wei Zhang ◽

Bang Ni ◽

Xuan Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Drip Irrigation ◽

Production System ◽

Nitrate Content ◽

Site Preference ◽

Vegetable Production ◽

Flood Irrigation ◽

Tomato Production ◽

Production Region ◽

Soil Moisture Status

Plastic-shed vegetable production system is becoming the main type of vegetable production in China, while excessive irrigation and fertilization input lead to significant N loss by leaching, runoff, and gaseous N. The current study established a field experiment to investigate the effects of drip irrigation and optimized fertilization on vegetable yield, water and fertilizer efficiencies and N2O emission in a typical intensive plastic-shed tomato production region of China. The treatments include CK (no fertilization, flood irrigation), FFP (farmers&#8217; conventional fertilization, flood irrigation), OPT1 (80% of FFP fertilization, flood irrigation), OPT2 (80% of FFP fertilization, drip irrigation). N2O isotopocule deltas, including &#948;15Nbulk, &#948;18O and SP (the 15N site preference in N2O), have been used to investigate microbial pathways of N2O production under different treatments. Our results showed: i) optimized fertilization and drip irrigation significantly improved the fertilizer and water use efficiency without reducing tomato yield, ii) compared with flood irrigation, drip irrigation decreased soil WFPS and soil ammonium content, but increased soil nitrate content. When soil moisture was higher than 60%WFPS, drip irrigation led to a decrease of N2O emission with lower N2O SP signature observed than that of food irrigation, suggesting a reduction of denitrification derived N2O. In contrast, drip irrigation significantly increased N2O emission and N2O SP value when soil moisture status was lower than 55% WFPS, which may be due to the enhanced nitrification or fungal denitrification derived N2O.

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