scholarly journals The estimated nutritive value of three common grassland species at three primary growth harvest dates following ensiling and fractionation of press-cake

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 194-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph McEniry ◽  
Padraig O'Kiely
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Press Cake ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Grassland Species ◽  
Harvest Dates ◽  
The Press ◽  
Ruminant Diets

 In a Green Biorefinery processing green biomass one possible application for the press-cake fraction is as a feedstuff for ruminants. This study investigates the effects of ensiling and fractionation on the estimated nutritive value of three grassland species harvested at different stages of maturity. Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L., var. Gandalf), cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L., var. Pizza) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L., var. Merviot) were grown in field plots and harvested and ensiled in laboratory silos. These silages were subsequently fractionated into press-cake and press-juice fractions. Loss of soluble, fermentable organic matter during ensiling increased the relative proportions of fibre and crude protein. Fractionation resulted in the substantial reduction of herbage soluble nutrient and mineral content, increasing the fibre content and reducing digestibility and crude protein. The low energy and protein content of the press-cake fraction, especially at later harvest dates, will limit its use in ruminant diets.

The effect of cultivar on the changes in protein quality during wilting and ensiling of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 151 (4) ◽  
pp. 506-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. KRAWUTSCHKE ◽  
N. WEIHER ◽  
J. THAYSEN ◽  
R. LOGES ◽  
F. TAUBE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Rumen Undegradable Protein ◽  
True Protein

SUMMARYRed clover (Trifolium pratense L.) silage usually contains lower contents of non-protein nitrogen (NPN) compared with other forage legumes. This is often attributed to the polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity in red clover, although in most field studies the PPO activity was not measured. Therefore, a laboratory ensiling experiment with three red clover cultivars and one white clover cultivar as control grown in two management systems (with and without mechanical stress) over 2 consecutive years was conducted. Fresh, wilted and ensiled clover herbage was sampled at four cutting dates per year to determine the crude protein (CP) fractions according to the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System. The specific PPO activity was measured photometrically in fresh clover leaves. The content of CP fraction A (NPN) increased from fresh over wilted to ensiled clover herbage at the expense of the content of CP fraction B (true protein), irrespective of species, cultivar and year. The most important source of variation for all CP fractions and the calculated rumen-undegradable protein contents was generally the herbage condition, except for CP fraction C (unavailable protein). White clover silage consisted of higher contents of CP fraction A and lower contents of CP fraction B3 in CP compared with red clover silage. As a result, the calculated rumen-undegradable protein content of white clover silage was lower than that of all red clover cultivars. In conclusion, the extent of proteolysis during ensiling among the silages made from the herbage of different red clover cultivars was primarily influenced by the stage of maturity at harvesting and the degree of wilting at ensiling. The variation in specific PPO activity could not be related to the extent of proteolysis.

scholarly journals Changes in yield and nutritive value of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and Festulolium (Festulolium braunii (K. Richt) A. Camus) under drought stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariola Staniak
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Pure Stand ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the research was to assess the impact of water stress on the yield and content of basic nutrients in the biomass of Trifolium pratense and Festulolium braunii cultivated in pure stand and in mixture. A pot experiment was carried out in 2012–2014, at two levels of soil moisture: well-watered and drought stress. The study showed that stress significantly reduced the dry matter yield (DMY), the most in T. pratense, followed by mixture, and F. braunii. The effect of drought stress on the nutritive value was considerable less pronounced than the influence on DMY. No significant influence of water deficit on crude protein, crude fibre and crude ash contents was found, but only on water-soluble carbohydrate and crude fat content in one year of the study. It was found, that under drought stress T. pratense is more suitable for cultivation in the mixture with F. braunii than in pure stand, due to a lower reduction of DMY and no adverse effect of water deficiency on yield quality.

scholarly journals Estimation of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) forage quality parameters depending on the stage of growth

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 1563-1569
Author(s):  
J. Markovic ◽  
R. Strbanovic ◽  
D. Terzic ◽  
R. Stanisavljevic ◽  
D. Djokic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
The Third ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Feed Value ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L

The objective of this study was to investigate the changes that take place in nutrient values of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) cv K-27 at different stages of growth in the second and the third cut. The samples from different stages of growth: mid-bud stage, around 60% flowering and full flowering were investigated for crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), digestible dry matter (DDM), dry matter intake (DMI), relative feed value (RFV), total digestible nutrients (TDN), net energy-lactation (NEl), net energy-maintenance (NEm) and net energy-gain (NEg) content. Higher content of crude protein was found in the third cut (262.1 g kg-1 of DM) than in the second cut (260.8 g kg-1 of DM) in the first stage of development. TDN, DDM, DMI, RFV, NEl, NEm and NEg were calculated according to the appropriate equations adapted from common formulas for forages. The stage of plant development has a significant influence on the chemical composition and the relative feed value of red clover. The achieved results show that adequate maturity stage for cutting might be at mid-bloom stage, when crude protein content, NEl, NEm and NEg content are high.

scholarly journals Response of simple grass-white clover and multi-species pastures to gibberellic acid or nitrogen fertiliser in autumn

2013 ◽  
pp. 145-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.H. Van Rossum ◽  
R.H. Bryant ◽  
G.R. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Nitrogen Fertiliser

Herbage dry matter (DM) production, botanical composition and nutritive value of pastures were measured in response to the application of 24 g/ ha gibberellic acid (GA; 60 g ProGibb®/ha) and 50 kg N/ha nitrogen fertiliser (N; 106 kg urea/ha) in autumn. Responses were compared for simple two species grass (perennial ryegrass or tall fescue)-white clover pastures and multi-species pastures where herbs (chicory and plantain), legumes (red clover and lucerne) and prairie grass were sown with the simple mixtures. Four weeks after application, the increase in DM yield averaged across pasture mixtures relative to untreated plots was 273, 104, and 493 kg DM/ha for GA alone, N fertiliser alone, and GA and N combined, respectively. Application of GA increased the white clover percentage in all pastures except simple tall fescue pastures. The percentage of herbs in multispecies pastures was increased by application of N but not GA. Crude protein concentration was decreased by GA application in all pastures except simple ryegrass pastures. The results from this study show that it is important to consider the botanical composition of pastures when determining the effect of GA on DM yield and nutritive value. Keywords: crude protein, Cichorium intybus, Festuca arundinacea, gibberellins, Lolium perenne, Plantago lanceolata, nutritive value

scholarly journals A review of the use of chicory, plantain, red clover and white clover in a sward mix for increased sheep and beef production

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.M. Cranston ◽  
P.R. Kenyon ◽  
S.T. Morris ◽  
P.D. Kemp
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Cichorium Intybus ◽  
Winter Grazing ◽  
Clover Pasture

Many farmers are sowing mixed swards containing chicory (Cichorium intybus), plantain (Plantago lanceolata), red clover (Trifolium pratense) and white clover (T. repens) (hereafter termed herb and clover mix). This herb and clover mix has comparable annual dry matter (DM) production to perennial ryegrass white clover pasture (rye/wc), however, it has a different pattern of growth, producing more DM during summer and autumn. The herb and clover mix also has a higher nutritive value and is able to support greater rates of animal production, especially over summer, than rye/ wc in both sheep and cattle. The herb and clover mix is most suited to a rotational grazing interval of 3-4 weeks to an 8 cm residual height, with no winter grazing. When managed appropriately the herb and clover mix is able to persist for at least 2 years and up to 5 years under both sheep and cattle grazing. Keywords: Cichorium intybus, Plantago lanceolata, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, legume, perennial, nutritive value.

scholarly journals Estimation of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) forage quality parameters dependingon the variety, cut and growing year

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 468-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Drobná ◽  
J. Jančovič
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Crude Fibre Content

A field trial was conducted to determine the nutritive value of eight Slovak and Czech red clover varieties and to quantify the effects of variety, cut and year on red clover forage quality. The differences between forage quality of the evaluated red clover varieties were significant for protein supplied when energy is limited in the rumen (PDIE), intestinal digestibility of rumen non-degraded protein (dsi), net energy values and ash content (P < 0.01). The achieved results show that the surpassing forage quality was given by diploid Viglana variety with high protein and energy values. The forage of tetraploid varieties Javorina and Dolina was outstanding in protein content, but had the lowest energy values. The nutritive value was significantly affected by cut. The first cut provided forage with a significantly lower (P < 0.01) crude protein (CP) content, CP digestibility, degradability of CP (degNL), protein supplied when nitrogen is limited in rumen (PDIN), PDIE and with a significantly higher crude fibre content and energy values (P < 0.01). The differences between varieties were more pronounced in the second and in the third cut. Significantly higher (P < 0.01) PDIE, PDIN, degNL, net energy values and ash contents were found in the first production year.

The feeding value of chicory (Cichorium intybus) for ruminant livestock

1998 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. N. BARRY
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Personal Communication ◽  
Cichorium Intybus ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
Coffee Substitute ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
The Uk

Chicory (Cichorium intybus) is perhaps best known for the extract of its roots used as an ingredient in ‘coffee substitute’ beverages. It is less well known as a grazed forage for ruminants. Thomas et al. (1952) reported the high content of some major and minor trace minerals in chicory grown in the UK, and commented on its use in pasture mixtures as a source of these minerals. Chicory was first mentioned in New Zealand (NZ) literature as an animal forage by Cockayne (1915), but a long period then elapsed before Lancashire (1978) reported its excellent value for forage production under rotational grazing in dry summer conditions. Plant selection then followed and the cultivar ‘Grasslands Puna’ was approved for commercial release as a grazed forage plant in 1985 (Rumball 1986). The use of Puna chicory has now spread throughout NZ and the variety is also being used commercially in Australia, North America and South America and is being evaluated in parts of Europe and Asia (W. Green, personal communication). Chicory is a herb, whereas other temperate forages used for ruminant production are either grasses or legumes. This paper reviews work on the chemical composition, nutritive value and feeding value of chicory relative to perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and to red clover (Trifolium pratense), a legume that, like chicory, is used as a forage for dry summer conditions. Throughout this paper, feeding value is defined as the animal production response to grazing a forage under unrestricted conditions (Ulyatt 1973), with its components being voluntary feed intake (VFI), the digestive process and the efficiency of utilization of digested nutrients; the latter two comprise nutritive value/dry matter (DM) eaten.

scholarly journals The persistency evaluation of Czech varieties of Red (Trifolium pratense L.) and Alsike Clover (Trifolium hybridum L.)

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 133-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislav Hejduk
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Forage Legume ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Grassland Species ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L

Red clover is the most important forage legume in the Czech Republic. It is an unassuming species to climatic and soil condition, is suitable for mixtures with grasses and it is above other grassland species in forage quality. The most serious problem of red clover in grasslands is its lack of persistency (2–4 years). Considering of red clover growing area on arable land decrease and area of permanent grasslands increases, becomes persistency of varieties important attribute. The persistency of all Czech varieties was evaluated on the basis of dominance proportion investigation after 3 winters. Assessed varieties were established in mixture with grasses (60:40%). Significantly most persistent varieties were Amos 4n (24.5%), Dolina 4n (20.25 %) and Radegast 4n (19.25%). Varieties of Alsike clover were not significantly different from varieties of red clover.

scholarly journals Quality and quantity of chicory, lucerne and red clover production under irrigation

2004 ◽  
pp. 257-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.E. Brown ◽  
D.J. Moot
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Herbage Quality ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Utilisation Data ◽  
Lincoln University ◽  
Land Changes

The quality and quantity of production from irrigated lucerne, chicory and red clover swards were compared over six years (30 November 1996 30 June 2002) on a Wakanui silt loam at Lincoln University. Mean annual yields from lucerne swards (21 t DM/ha) were 3.9 t/ha greater than chicory and red clover over five perennial regrowth seasons. Sown species gave 100% of dry matter (DM) production in the first regrowth season, but by the fifth season sown species gave 65, 55 and 0% of DM production for chicory, lucerne and red clover respectively. Utilised herbage had a similar metabolisable energy (ME) content for all three species (10.9 11.6 MJ/ kg/DM). The crude protein (CP) content of utilised herbage was also similar for lucerne and red clover (0.25-0.29 g/g DM), but chicory had a lower CP content (0.18 g/g DM). This combined with utilisation data to show lucerne swards provided 30% greater annual CP and ME intake for grazing stock than either chicory or red clover. This demonstrated the greater potential of lucerne to improve livestock production from high value land. Changes in lucerne herbage quality were also analysed within regrowth cycles to examine the influence of the time of grazing on CP and ME intake. The fraction of palatable lucerne herbage decreased linearly from 100% at 700 kg/ha standing DM to 57% at 4300 kg/ha standing DM. The CP and ME contents of the palatable fraction of lucerne herbage were always higher than the post grazing residual. This highlights the selective grazing of the stock, which consumed 80% of total CP and 70% of total ME for a crop of 4300 kg/ha standing DM. This grazing preference shows that delaying defoliation will not reduce potential stock production, unless stock are forced to consume the low quality stem in standing herbage. Keywords: Cichorium intybus, crude protein, herbage utilisation, Medicago sativa, metabolisable energy, pasture persistence, Trifolium pratense

scholarly journals Late-season Forage Harvest Effects on Pod and Forage Components of Valencia Market Type Peanut

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
L. Lauriault ◽  
N. Puppala
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Valuable Component ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Harvest Dates ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Fiber Fractions ◽  
Global Concern

ABSTRACT Agricultural productivity per unit of land is a global concern. Moreover, farmers seek to add value to their enterprises. Interest has increased in harvesting Valencia market type peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. subsp. fastigiata var. fastigiata) for forage in food production systems. Trials at two sites near Brownfield, TX, USA, in 2012 and 2013, evaluated forage harvest timing [18, 20, 21, and 22 weeks after planting, (WAP), the last of which was sun-cured in the field from digging until threshing] on forage yield and nutritive value and pod yield of Valencia market type. Producers can harvest hay with greater nutritive value than stover by cutting and baling earlier during the pod maturation phase (about 18 WAP) although pod yield would be significantly (P < 0.05) reduced (2280, 2470, 2880, and 3450 kg pods/ha when forage was harvested 18, 20, 21, and 22 WAP, respectively, SEM = 90). Additionally, forage organic matter (OM) yield declined with each harvest after 18 WAP (3450, 2900, 2670, and 2460 kg OM/ha for forage harvested 18, 20, 21, and 22 WAP, respectively, SEM = 70). Crude protein (CP) concentration decreased across harvest dates from 158 to 124 g/kg and fiber fractions increased. Forage harvest prior to digging is not a viable option to add value to Valencia market type production because of reduced pod yield, which is the more valuable component. Other studies using different market types in other environments with earlier and similar harvest timings yielded similar results.

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