scholarly journals Late-season Forage Harvest Effects on Pod and Forage Components of Valencia Market Type Peanut

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
L. Lauriault ◽  
N. Puppala
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Valuable Component ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Harvest Dates ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Fiber Fractions ◽  
Global Concern

ABSTRACT Agricultural productivity per unit of land is a global concern. Moreover, farmers seek to add value to their enterprises. Interest has increased in harvesting Valencia market type peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. subsp. fastigiata var. fastigiata) for forage in food production systems. Trials at two sites near Brownfield, TX, USA, in 2012 and 2013, evaluated forage harvest timing [18, 20, 21, and 22 weeks after planting, (WAP), the last of which was sun-cured in the field from digging until threshing] on forage yield and nutritive value and pod yield of Valencia market type. Producers can harvest hay with greater nutritive value than stover by cutting and baling earlier during the pod maturation phase (about 18 WAP) although pod yield would be significantly (P < 0.05) reduced (2280, 2470, 2880, and 3450 kg pods/ha when forage was harvested 18, 20, 21, and 22 WAP, respectively, SEM = 90). Additionally, forage organic matter (OM) yield declined with each harvest after 18 WAP (3450, 2900, 2670, and 2460 kg OM/ha for forage harvested 18, 20, 21, and 22 WAP, respectively, SEM = 70). Crude protein (CP) concentration decreased across harvest dates from 158 to 124 g/kg and fiber fractions increased. Forage harvest prior to digging is not a viable option to add value to Valencia market type production because of reduced pod yield, which is the more valuable component. Other studies using different market types in other environments with earlier and similar harvest timings yielded similar results.

scholarly journals Forage yield and nutritive value of hay from sorghum-sudangrass hybrids

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e95991110508
Author(s):  
Hosnerson Renan de Oliveira Santos ◽  
Mauro Pereira de Figueiredo ◽  
Ingrid Thalia Prado de Castro ◽  
Mário Henrique Melo e Lima ◽  
Luiza Maria Gigante Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Green Matter ◽  
Sorghum Sudangrass ◽  
High Forage

The objective was to evaluate agronomically nine sorghum-sudangrass hybrids (Sorghum bicolor × Sorghum sudanense) and the nutritive value of their respective hays. The experimental design used was randomized blocks in a 3 × 9 factorial scheme, with three replications. Three cuts were made: 42 days after germination, 29 days after regrowth, and 28 days after the second regrowth. All hybrids showed a higher number of plants ha–1 (P < 0.05) in the second cut. For the green matter and dry matter production of the hays, the values ranged from 49.16 to 62.07 t ha–1 and 9.07 to 11.43 t ha–1, respectively. There were no differences (P > 0.05) in dry matter, mineral matter, or ether extract. The hybrids 1013020, BRS 810, 1013016, and 1624F016 showed higher values of crude protein (CP) of 16.49, 16.17, 16.08, and 15.88%, respectively. Differences were observed (P < 0.05) in neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content. The hybrids 1013020, BRS 802, 1013021, 1013016, BRS 810, and 1624F006 presented lower levels of NDF (60.57, 60.74, 62.15, 62.37, 62.58, and 64.70%, respectively). The hybrids BRS 802, 1013016, BRS 810, and 1624F006, stood out above the others, presenting high forage yield and adequate nutritive value (CP content >13% and NDF content <65%).

scholarly journals BROMATOLOGIA DE GRAMÍNEAS TROPICAIS SOB DIFERENTES TENSÕES DE ÁGUA NO SOLO EM AMBIENTE PROTEGIDO

Nativa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 415
Author(s):  
Morgana Scaramussa Gonçalves ◽  
Wilian Rodrigues Ribeiro ◽  
Edvaldo Fialho Dos Reis ◽  
Antônio Carlos Cóser
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Tropical Grasses ◽  
Soil Water Tension ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Water Tension

A irrigação é usada para conter os efeitos da sazonalidade de produção garantindo maior intensificação dos sistemas de produção a pasto, assim, contribuindo para o aumento da produção e do valor bromatológico das gramíneas. Dessa forma, objetivou-se com esse trabalho avaliar o valor bromatológico de gramíneas tropicais cultivadas em condições de ambiente protegido, submetidas a diferentes tensões de água no solo. Foram realizados três experimentos com as gramíneas Mombaça, Marandu e Tifton 85, onde cada qual, foi conduzida em um esquema de parcelas subdivididas, tendo nas parcelas os níveis do fator tensão de água no solo (20, 40, 50, 60 e 70 kPa) e nas subparcelas níveis 1º, 2º e 3º do fator corte, em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco repetições. Nas tensões de água no solo de 20 (Mombaça) e 50 kPa (Marandu e Tifton 85) as gramíneas expressaram seu máximo de valor nutritivo. Os maiores teores de PB foram obtidos nas gramíneas Mombaça e Tifton 85. Para as variáveis FDN e FDA o fator tensão de água no solo não foi significativo.Palavras-chave: proteína bruta, fibra, irrigação, forrageiras. BROMATOLOGY OF TROPICAL GRASSES UNDER DIFFERENT SOIL WATER TENSIONS IN PROTECTED ENVIRONMENT ABSTRACT:The irrigation is used to contain the effects of seasonality of production, ensuring a greater intensification of pasture production systems, thus contributing to the increase of production and the bromatological value of grasses. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the nutritive value of tropical grasses grown under protected environment conditions, subject to different soil water stresses. Three experiments, using Mombasa, Marandu and Tifton 85 grasses under a protected environment were carried out and each one was conducted in a subdivided plots scheme, with the levels of soil water tension factor (20, 40, 50, 60 and 70 kPa) and in the subplots levels 1, 2 and 3 of the cut factor, in a completely randomized design with five replicationss. At soil water stresses of 20 (Mombasa) and 50 kPa (Marandu and Tifton 85) the grasses expressed their maximum nutritive value. The highest CP levels were obtained in the Mombasa and Tifton 85 grasses. For the NDF and ADF variables, the soil water stress factor was not significant.Keywords: crude protein, fiber, irrigation, forages.

Chemical Composition and Nutritive Value of Protein of the Pea Seeds - Effect of Harvesting Year and Variety

2011 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kotlarz ◽  
Agnieszka Sujak ◽  
Wacław Strobel ◽  
Wilhelm Grzesiak
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Fiber Fractions ◽  
Pea Seeds

Chemical Composition and Nutritive Value of Protein of the Pea Seeds - Effect of Harvesting Year and VarietyWe tested nutritional usability of pea seeds (Pisum sativumL.) at full maturity. Four white-flowering and 5 colour-flowering new Polish cultivars were compared. We determined proximate composition of ground seeds collected over 4 years period as well as amino acids, minerals (Ca, P, Na, K), tannins and fiber fractions (NDF, ADF, ADL). The seeds contained between 224 and 260 g·kg-1of crude protein which was rich in Lys (6.8±0.8 g) but poor in Met+Cys (2.0±0.2 g·16 g-1N). The amount of tannins (as tannic acid equivalent) in white-flowering cvs was 4.3±0.9 g and in colour-flowering - 7.4±2.2 g. The calculated protein nutritional values were compared against amino acid standards of human and animal nutrition and the whole egg protein. Effects of the cropping year and variety variance in respect of chemical composition of seeds were examined. Crude protein, crude oil, N-free extractives, tannins, K, amino acid content: Leu, Phe+Tyr and Ala content were influenced significantly by the cultivar, while the cropping year had a significant influence on dry matter, crude ash, crude protein, crude fibre, crude oil, N-free extractives ADF and ADL fiber fractions, content of P, Na and K, most of the amino acid levels and on nutritional values of the protein measured by means of CS and EAAI indices.

Plant and animal responses of elephant grass pasture-based systems mixed with pinto peanut

2019 ◽  
Vol 157 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-71
Author(s):  
A. C. Vieira ◽  
C. J. Olivo ◽  
C. B. Adams ◽  
J. C. Sauthier ◽  
L. R. Proença ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
High Density ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
The Other ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Herbage Yield ◽  
Grazing Systems

AbstractThe effects of growing pinto peanut mixed with elephant grass-based pastures are still little known. The aim of the current research was to evaluate the performance of herbage yield, nutritive value of forage and animal responses to levels of pinto peanut forage mass mixed with elephant grass in low-input systems. Three grazing systems were evaluated: (i) elephant grass-based (control); (ii) pinto peanut, low-density forage yield (63 g/kg of dry matter – DM) + elephant grass; and (iii) pinto peanut, high-density dry matter forage yield (206 g/kg DM) + elephant grass. The experimental design was completely randomized with the three treatments (grazing systems) and three replicates (paddocks) in split-plot grazing cycles. Forage samples were collected to evaluate the pasture and animal responses. Leaf blades of elephant grass and the other companion grasses of pinto peanut were collected to analyse the crude protein, in vitro digestible organic matter and total digestible nutrients. The pinto peanut, high-density dry matter forage yield + elephant grass treatment was found to give the best results in terms of herbage yield, forage intake and stocking rate, as well as having higher crude protein contents for both elephant grass and the other grasses, followed by pinto peanut with low-density forage yield + elephant grass and finally elephant grass alone. Better results were found with the grass–legume system for pasture and animal responses.

The evaluation of dual-purpose groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) varieties for fodder and seed production at Shika, Nigeria

2001 ◽  
Vol 136 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. OMOKANYE ◽  
O. S. ONIFADE ◽  
P. E. OLORUNJU ◽  
A. M. ADAMU ◽  
R. J. TANKO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Forage Yields

At Shika in a subhumid environment of Nigeria, a 3-year study was carried out to select newly developed groundnut varieties for use in crop–livestock production systems. The study examined 11 groundnut varieties. Emergence time, plant stands at full emergence, forage and seed yields and yield components were examined. Whole plant samples were analysed for crude protein (CP) content. Varieties ICGV 87123 gave the lowest forage yield and cultivar M517-80I, the highest, with seven varieties recording forage yields above 5 t/ha. The CP content of forage was lowest (14·8%) for variety M576-80I and highest (21·6%) for variety M554-76. Mean seed yield (over 3 years) varied significantly from 0·73 to 1·68 t/ha. Only two varieties had mean seed yield >1 t/ha. The relationship between seed and forage yields was positive and significant (r = 0·529, P < 0·006). Varieties RMP 12, 88-80I and M517–80 were most promising for both forage and seed production.

scholarly journals Peanut Peg Strength and Associated Pod Yield and Loss by Cultivar

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Sorensen ◽  
R.C. Nuti ◽  
C.C. Holbrook ◽  
C.Y. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Harvest Dates ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Peanut Cultivars ◽  
Stems And Leaves

ABSTRACT Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) peg strength and associated pod yield and digging loss were documented for nine cultivars and two breeding genotypes across three harvest dates (early, mid, and late season) at two Southwest Georgia locations during 2010 and 2011. Cultivars selected were Georgia Green, Georgia Greener, Georgia-02C, Georgia-06G, Georgia-07W, Georgia-09B, Georgia-10T, Florida-07, Tifguard, and advanced breeding lines EXP27-1516 and TifGP-2. Prior to digging, a minimum of three peanut plants from each plot were selected and excess stems and leaves were removed with scissors leaving individual peanut pegs and pods with about 5-cm of stem. Each peanut pod was placed in a “U” shaped metal bracket attached to an electronic force gauge and the stem was pulled manually until the pod detached. After digging and combining, a tractor-mounted scavenger machine was used to collect pods remaining in the soil. Peg strength was greater at Dawson (6.14 N) compared to Tifton (5.28 N) in 2010 but were similar in 2011 (4.51 and 4.39 N, respectively). Dawson had consistently higher yields (5326 kg/ha) and lower pod loss (562 kg/ha) compared with Tifton (3803 kg/ha and 936 kg/ha, respectively). Peanut cultivars with greater peg strength across locations were Georgia-06G, Florida-07, and Georiga-02C. Cultivar Georiga-06G showed the greatest yield across locations and years. Other cultivars may have had stronger peg strength, greater pod yield, or lower pod loss but none were more consistent than these three cultivars across years, locations, and harvest dates.

Evaluation of a long-established silvopastoral Brachiaria decumbens system: plant characteristics and feeding value for cattle

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
pp. 814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina A. Lima ◽  
Domingos S. C. Paciullo ◽  
Fabyano F. Silva ◽  
Mirton J. F. Morenz ◽  
Carlos A. M. Gomide ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Signal Grass ◽  
The Difference

One of the main challenges of using a silvopastoral system (SPS) is maintaining pasture and animal productivity over time. Our objective was to compare the productive characteristics and nutritive value of signal grass (Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk) and the liveweight gain of dairy heifers in a SPS and open pasture (OP, signal grass under full sunlight) during the rainy seasons of four experiments between 2003 and 2016, which characterised systems from their 6th to 19th years after establishment in south-eastern Brazil when analysed together. The experimental design was a randomised complete block in a 2 × 4 factorial scheme (two production systems (SPS and OP) and four experiments (2003–2004, 2004–2007, 2011–2014 and 2014–2016)). From the 7th year onwards, the progressive reduction of photosynthetically active radiation negatively impacted the productive characteristics of the SPS pasture. Total forage mass was reduced by 19% in SPS compared with the OP in 2004–2007, 38% in 2011–2014 and 31% in 2014–2016. Crude protein content was 23% and 30% higher in the SPS than in the OP in 2011–2014 and 2014–2016, respectively. However, during the study period (until the 19th year), the liveweight gain of heifers was similar between systems since the higher crude protein content available in SPS contributed to improved forage nutritional value. From the 17th to the 19th year, weight gain per area was lower in the SPS compared with the OP (169 vs 199 kg ha–1), although the difference between systems was small. Signal grass presents a high degree of phenotypic plasticity in response to changes in shade levels, which gives this species a high potential for use in SPS.

scholarly journals Chemical composition of rhizoma perennial peanut (Arachis glabrata) harvested for hay in the tropics

1969 ◽  
Vol 87 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Teodoro M. Ruiz ◽  
Efraín Cancel
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Tropical Grasses ◽  
Arachis Glabrata ◽  
Agricultural Experiment ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The Tropics

The effect of harvest interval (HI), six-, nine-, and 12-wk, and season of growth (winter, spring, summer, and fall) on crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) was studied with rhizoma perennial peanut (RPP) TARS line nos. 17033, 17050, 17052, and 17097 (PI nos. 276233, 262826, 262833, and 262839, respectively) and cv Florigraze and Arbrook at the Lajas Agricultural Experiment Substation. The same parameters were evaluated with PI nos. 276233, 262839, and cv Florigraze at the Juana Díaz Substation. The overall mean CP concentration for RPP, across HI and season of growth was 16.3 and 15.5% in the Lajas and Juana Díaz studies, respectively. In both trials, accession 17033 had the lowest (14.2%) and accession 17097 the highest (16.7%) CP values (P < 0.05). Harvest interval negatively influenced CP concentration (P < 0.01). An increase in HI from six to 12 weeks resulted in a reduction of CP from 17.3 to 15.5%, and from 16.5 to 13.7% in the Lajas and Juana Díaz studies, respectively. In the latter study the CP concentrations of forage harvested at six and nine weeks were similar. Differences in NDF among RPPs were significant (P < 0.05) in both trials. In both, accession 17033 had the highest (49.9%) and accession 17097 the lowest (48.1%) concentration. Increasing HI resulted in quadratic increases (P < 0.01) in NDF concentration. Results for the six-, nine- and 12-wk intervals were 47.8, 50.9, and 51.8% at Lajas and 45.8, 44.5, 52.0% at Juana Díaz, respectively. Season of growth did influence chemical composition of RPP; however, unlike the pattern observed in tropical grasses, the chemical composition of RPP was better in the seasons of greater forage yield (spring and summer). These results show the excellent potential for high nutritive value of RPP when grown in the Caribbean tropics. 

scholarly journals Evaluation of Stylosanthes scabra Accessions as Forage Source for Ruminants: Growth Performance, Nutritive Value and In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1939
Author(s):  
Thamsanqa Doctor Empire Mpanza ◽  
Abubeker Hassen ◽  
Abiodun Mayowa Akanmu
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Stylosanthes Scabra

Feed shortage is the main cause of poor production performance in livestock under smallholder farmer’s in South Africa. Therefore, this study evaluated the growth performance, nutritive value and in vitro ruminal fermentation of Stylosanthes scabra accessions in climatic condition of Pretoria, South Africa as potential forage sources in order to improve feed quality and subsequently livestock production. Stylosanthes scabra accessions were planted in 6 m2 plots following a complete randomized block design with three replicates per accession. The plants were allowed to grow to full maturity after which forage was harvested and yield, chemical composition, phenolic compounds, in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) and in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristic were determined. Forage yield of accessions ranged between 4.3 to 5.3 t ha−1 in dry matter (DM), and only twelve accessions were identified to be adaptable over the three-year evaluation under rain-fed. Accessions 140, 9281, 11,252, 11,595, 11,604 and 11,625 were consistent in terms of forage yield over the three years. Significant differences among accessions were observed for crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), IVOMD, metabolizable energy, metabolizable energy yield, gas production, total phenols, total hydrolysable tannins and total condensed tannins. Principal component and clustering analysis showed that accessions 11,255 and 11,625 are distinct in their characteristics as compared to the rest of the accessions, and both accessions are suitable forage source for animals since they contain low NDF with good forage production and crude protein content. However, there is a need for further study to integrate these accessions into the feeding systems in order to improve livestock production.

EFFECT OF HARVEST DATE ON AGRONOMIC AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ONTARIO PEANUTS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILLIAM A. COURT ◽  
ROBERT C. ROY ◽  
JOHN G. HENDEL
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Economic Return ◽  
Harvest Dates ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Seed Hull

A field experiment was conducted in 1980 and 1981, on Fox loamy sand, to study the influence of five successive harvest dates on the agronomic and chemical characteristics of peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) grown in Ontario. A spanish type (cv. Comet) and a valencia type (cv. McRan) were examined. Delaying harvest increased yield, sound mature kernels, seed-hull ratio, oil content and the economic return. Crude protein tended to be higher in the immature peanuts but the iodine number and oil stability showed larger differences between cultivars than among harvest dates. Cultivar differences were also apparent for the fatty acids, and more mature peanuts tended to be higher in oleic acid and lower in palmitic, behenic and lignoceric acids.Key words: Peanuts, valencia, spanish, harvest dates, yield, maturity, quality

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