The feeding value of chicory (Cichorium intybus) for ruminant livestock

1998 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. N. BARRY
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Personal Communication ◽  
Cichorium Intybus ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
Coffee Substitute ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
The Uk

Chicory (Cichorium intybus) is perhaps best known for the extract of its roots used as an ingredient in ‘coffee substitute’ beverages. It is less well known as a grazed forage for ruminants. Thomas et al. (1952) reported the high content of some major and minor trace minerals in chicory grown in the UK, and commented on its use in pasture mixtures as a source of these minerals. Chicory was first mentioned in New Zealand (NZ) literature as an animal forage by Cockayne (1915), but a long period then elapsed before Lancashire (1978) reported its excellent value for forage production under rotational grazing in dry summer conditions. Plant selection then followed and the cultivar ‘Grasslands Puna’ was approved for commercial release as a grazed forage plant in 1985 (Rumball 1986). The use of Puna chicory has now spread throughout NZ and the variety is also being used commercially in Australia, North America and South America and is being evaluated in parts of Europe and Asia (W. Green, personal communication). Chicory is a herb, whereas other temperate forages used for ruminant production are either grasses or legumes. This paper reviews work on the chemical composition, nutritive value and feeding value of chicory relative to perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and to red clover (Trifolium pratense), a legume that, like chicory, is used as a forage for dry summer conditions. Throughout this paper, feeding value is defined as the animal production response to grazing a forage under unrestricted conditions (Ulyatt 1973), with its components being voluntary feed intake (VFI), the digestive process and the efficiency of utilization of digested nutrients; the latter two comprise nutritive value/dry matter (DM) eaten.

scholarly journals A review of the use of chicory, plantain, red clover and white clover in a sward mix for increased sheep and beef production

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.M. Cranston ◽  
P.R. Kenyon ◽  
S.T. Morris ◽  
P.D. Kemp
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Cichorium Intybus ◽  
Winter Grazing ◽  
Clover Pasture

Many farmers are sowing mixed swards containing chicory (Cichorium intybus), plantain (Plantago lanceolata), red clover (Trifolium pratense) and white clover (T. repens) (hereafter termed herb and clover mix). This herb and clover mix has comparable annual dry matter (DM) production to perennial ryegrass white clover pasture (rye/wc), however, it has a different pattern of growth, producing more DM during summer and autumn. The herb and clover mix also has a higher nutritive value and is able to support greater rates of animal production, especially over summer, than rye/ wc in both sheep and cattle. The herb and clover mix is most suited to a rotational grazing interval of 3-4 weeks to an 8 cm residual height, with no winter grazing. When managed appropriately the herb and clover mix is able to persist for at least 2 years and up to 5 years under both sheep and cattle grazing. Keywords: Cichorium intybus, Plantago lanceolata, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, legume, perennial, nutritive value.

scholarly journals Forage yield and persistence of red clover progenies in two environments

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Portella Montardo ◽  
Miguel Dall'Agnol ◽  
Nilton Rodrigues Paim
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Physiographic Regions

Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is one of the most important temperate legume species, used to lessen the lack of forage during the critical fall-winter period in Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil. However, its utilization has been restricted mainly because of its lack of persistence. This work evaluates the dry matter yield and persistence of red clover half-sib progenies in two physiographic regions of RS: "Depressão Central", in Eldorado do Sul and "Encosta Superior do Nordeste", in Veranópolis. Experiments were carried out for two growing seasons and results were compared to two red clover commercial checks, Qüiñequeli and Estanzuela 116. The region of Veranópolis was more adequate for red clover forage production, enabling better yield and persistence. The best check for both locations was cultivar Estanzuela 116. At Eldorado do Sul persistence was highly affected and some progenies were superior to the best check. At Veranópolis the best check was very productive, with good persistence. The best progenies at both locations were selected to be propagated and submitted to additional recurrent selection cycles.

scholarly journals Changes in yield and nutritive value of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and Festulolium (Festulolium braunii (K. Richt) A. Camus) under drought stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariola Staniak
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Pure Stand ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the research was to assess the impact of water stress on the yield and content of basic nutrients in the biomass of Trifolium pratense and Festulolium braunii cultivated in pure stand and in mixture. A pot experiment was carried out in 2012–2014, at two levels of soil moisture: well-watered and drought stress. The study showed that stress significantly reduced the dry matter yield (DMY), the most in T. pratense, followed by mixture, and F. braunii. The effect of drought stress on the nutritive value was considerable less pronounced than the influence on DMY. No significant influence of water deficit on crude protein, crude fibre and crude ash contents was found, but only on water-soluble carbohydrate and crude fat content in one year of the study. It was found, that under drought stress T. pratense is more suitable for cultivation in the mixture with F. braunii than in pure stand, due to a lower reduction of DMY and no adverse effect of water deficiency on yield quality.

scholarly journals Advantages of grass-legume mixture for improvement of crop growth and reducing potential nitrogen loss in a boreal climate

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Honghong Li ◽  
Petri Penttinen ◽  
Hannu Mikkola ◽  
Kristina Lindström
Keyword(s):  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Nitrogen Loss ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Soil Dna ◽  
Soil C

A three-year field experiment was established to assess intercropping for sustainable forage production in Finland. In split-plot design, fertilizer treatment with unfertilized control, organic fertilizer, and synthetic fertilizer was the main plot factor, and crop treatment with fallow, red clover (Trifolium pratense), timothy (Phleum pratense), and a mixture of red clover and timothy was the sub-plot factor. Dry matter, carbon and nitrogen yields in mixture plots were highest with relatively high N% and the optimum C:N ratio (p < 0.05). Fertilization increased annual yields of mixture and timothy but not that of red clover. Soil NO3-N changed over time (p < 0.05) and was highest in fallow, followed by red clover, mixture, and timothy (p < 0.05), and the decrease during late growing season was smaller in the mixture and timothy plots. At the end of the experiment, soil C/NO3-N ratio was higher in timothy and mixture while lower in red clover and fallow plots (p < 0.05), and the relationship between soil DNA and NO3-N content may indicate that the potential nitrogen loss was lower in mixture and timothy than that in fallow and red clover plots.

scholarly journals Estimation of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) forage quality parameters dependingon the variety, cut and growing year

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 468-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Drobná ◽  
J. Jančovič
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Crude Fibre Content

A field trial was conducted to determine the nutritive value of eight Slovak and Czech red clover varieties and to quantify the effects of variety, cut and year on red clover forage quality. The differences between forage quality of the evaluated red clover varieties were significant for protein supplied when energy is limited in the rumen (PDIE), intestinal digestibility of rumen non-degraded protein (dsi), net energy values and ash content (P &lt; 0.01). The achieved results show that the surpassing forage quality was given by diploid Viglana variety with high protein and energy values. The forage of tetraploid varieties Javorina and Dolina was outstanding in protein content, but had the lowest energy values. The nutritive value was significantly affected by cut. The first cut provided forage with a significantly lower (P &lt; 0.01) crude protein (CP) content, CP digestibility, degradability of CP (degNL), protein supplied when nitrogen is limited in rumen (PDIN), PDIE and with a significantly higher crude fibre content and energy values (P &lt; 0.01). The differences between varieties were more pronounced in the second and in the third cut. Significantly higher (P &lt; 0.01) PDIE, PDIN, degNL, net energy values and ash contents were found in the first production year.

Plant density in red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) pastures as an early predictor of forage production

2018 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
pp. 193-199
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Zarza ◽  
Mónica Rebuffo ◽  
Alejandro La Manna ◽  
Mónica Balzarini
Keyword(s):  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Early Predictor

Tillage and weed management effects on forage production in a barley-red clover rotation

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Légère ◽  
F. Craig Stevenson ◽  
Nathalie Samson
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
No Till ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L

Tillage and weed management practices used during the establishment year can likely affect for age yield during the subsequent production year(s). This study was conducted as part of a long-term experiment to determine the suitability of conservation tillage practices for red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) production on a Kamouraska clay from 1988 to 1995. Red clover was underseeded with spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in cropping systems including different tillage (MP: fall moldboard plow; CP: fall chisel plow; NT: no-till) and weed management (intensive, moderate, minimum) treatments applied during the establishment year. Red clover dry matter yields and weed biomass were measured twice in the subsequent forage production year. Tillage had no effect on red clover yields in 3 out of 7 yr. Yields were 16% greater with NT in 1 yr and 52% with MP tillage in 3 yr compared with other tillage treatments. Weed response to tillage was consistent over years. Dicot weed biomass increased as tillage intensity was reduced. Monocot biomass was much less with NT than with MP or CP treatments. Red clover yield was 11% greater with intensive weed management, but this yield increase was not associated with differences in dicot or monocot biomass during the forage production year. Red clover yield gain with intensive weed management would need to be weighed against economical and environmental costs to determine the relevance of increased herbicide use in a short-term cereal/forage rotation. Key words: Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), conservation tillage, no-till, forage legume

scholarly journals The estimated nutritive value of three common grassland species at three primary growth harvest dates following ensiling and fractionation of press-cake

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 194-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph McEniry ◽  
Padraig O'Kiely
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Press Cake ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Grassland Species ◽  
Harvest Dates ◽  
The Press ◽  
Ruminant Diets

 In a Green Biorefinery processing green biomass one possible application for the press-cake fraction is as a feedstuff for ruminants. This study investigates the effects of ensiling and fractionation on the estimated nutritive value of three grassland species harvested at different stages of maturity. Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L., var. Gandalf), cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L., var. Pizza) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L., var. Merviot) were grown in field plots and harvested and ensiled in laboratory silos. These silages were subsequently fractionated into press-cake and press-juice fractions. Loss of soluble, fermentable organic matter during ensiling increased the relative proportions of fibre and crude protein. Fractionation resulted in the substantial reduction of herbage soluble nutrient and mineral content, increasing the fibre content and reducing digestibility and crude protein. The low energy and protein content of the press-cake fraction, especially at later harvest dates, will limit its use in ruminant diets.

scholarly journals Post-weaning growth of cattle in northern New South Wales. 1. Grazing value of temperate perennial pasture grazed by cattle

2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 959 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Ayres ◽  
R. W. Dicker ◽  
M. J. McPhee ◽  
A. D. Turner ◽  
R. D. Murison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
High Availability ◽  
Drought Event ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Very High

This paper describes the botanical components, seasonal herbage mass, and nutritive value of pastures used for post-weaning growth of CRC cattle at Glen Innes before their progression to subsequent finishing and meat quality studies. The pastures under study comprised introduced temperate perennial species (tall fescue, Festuca arundinacea; phalaris, Phalaris aquatica; perennial ryegrass, Lolium perenne; cocksfoot,Dactylis glomerata; white clover, Trifolium repens; and red clover, Trifolium pratense) grazed by yearling cattle and managed according to local practice to maintain herbage mass between pre-determined limits. The study took place on 3 adjacent pasture systems (P1, pasture only; P2, pasture plus formulated pellets fed in later winter–early spring; P3, pasture plus forage crop grazed in later winter–early spring) over the 3 years 1994–96 that included a severe 20-month drought event followed by a drought-recovery phase. Results are discussed in the context of the pasture feed year which was shown to comprise 3 distinct phases: (i) spring primary growth phase, high availability of green herbage mass (2500–4500 kg DM/ha) of very high digestibility (0.80–0.85) and very high N status (about 30 g N/kg DM); (ii) summer–autumn secondary regrowth, high availability of green herbage mass (2500–4000 kg DM/ha) but with only moderate nutritive value (0.65–0.70 digestibility, 15–20 g N/kg DM); and (iii) winter dormancy, low availability of green herbage mass (750–1500 kg DM/ha) but with high nutritive value (0.75–0.80 digestibility, 20–30 g N/kg DM). It was concluded that the limitations of the feed year for yearling cattle in this environment include a feed gap in winter–early spring due to low herbage mass associated with winter cold and a feed gap in summer–autumn associated with moderate nutritive value of secondary regrowth pasture.

scholarly journals ASPECTS OF THE FEEDING AND NUTRITIVE VALUE OF LOTUS SPECIES

1981 ◽  
pp. 152-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. John ◽  
J.A. Lancashire
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Protein Digestion ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Feeding Trials

Daily weight gains of sheep in pure sward grazing trials showed relative feeding values to be in the order: white clover (100) > sainfoin (97), Maku lotus (87) > lucerne, red clover (78) > perennial ryegrass (52). The high feeding value of lotus and sainfoin may be due to the presence of condensed tannins which have been shown to improve protein digestion and utilization in indoor feeding trials.

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