scholarly journals Experiences in the evaluation of carcass value of live pigs by ultrasonic photography

1975 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 517-532
Author(s):  
Mikko Varo ◽  
Marjatta Perälä ◽  
Matti Ojala ◽  
Hannu Varo
Keyword(s):  
Mean Value ◽  
Area Measurement ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
A Value ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Thickness Measurements ◽  
Ultrasonic Thickness ◽  
Better Than

In the present study it was found that the mean cross-sectional lean area of three ultrasonic photographs has a closer correlation than any one of the three individual areas to the cross-sectional lean area measured from the carcass. The correlation of this mean value with the lean + bone amount of the most valuable part of the half carcass approached that of the cross-sectional area of the lean measured from the carcass. The correlation of the ultrasonic area measurements with the carcass amounts of fat and lean -f- bone and with the fat-lean ratio calculated from these was closer than that of the ultrasonic thickness measurements. The fat-lean ratio calculated from the areas was also slightly better correlated to carcass quality than was the ratio calculated from the thickness measurements. In other respects the fat thickness measurements appeared to be better than area measurement. Although the measurement of lean correlated to the carcass a value of the animal more poorly than the fat measurements, the highest correlations were nevertheless obtained by the combined use of the fat and lean measurements.

scholarly journals Skinfold Thickness Measurement in Term Nigerian Neonates: Establishing Reference Values

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Olanike Abosede Olutekunbi ◽  
Adaobi Uzoamaka Solarin ◽  
Idowu Odunayo Senbanjo ◽  
Elizabeth Aruma Disu ◽  
Olisamedua Fidelis Njokanma
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Reference Population ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Thickness Measurement ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Thickness Measurements

Skin fold thickness (SFT) measurement is a reliable, cheap, simple, noninvasive method of body fat estimation at all ages including the neonatal period.Objective. To determine reference values of biceps, triceps, subscapular, and suprailiac skinfold thickness measurements in term Nigerian newborns.Method. A prospective cross-sectional study over a six-month period (Dec 2010–May 2011) was carried out on term and healthy neonates delivered between 37 and 41 weeks. The anthropometric measurements were taken within the first 48 hours of life including the skinfold thickness. The skinfold thickness measurements were taken at four sites, namely, triceps, biceps, subscapular, and suprailiac, using Harpenden skinfold calipers. The mean of two readings was recorded.Result. A total of one thousand one hundred and sixty-eight neonates were studied. The birth weight ranged between 2000 g and 5000 g with a mean birth weight of the neonates at3259±470 g. The mean birth weight of the males (3339±0.45) was significantly higher than that of females (3200±0.44) (p<0.0001). Female neonates had higher mean values of triceps, subscapular, and suprailiac skinfold thickness (p<0.001, resp.) while male neonates had higher mean value of biceps skinfold thickness (p=0.008). Females also had higher mean values of the sum of skinfold thicknesses at all four sites and the sum at the two truncal sites at every stratified gestational age.Conclusions. The sex specific percentile chart developed for skinfold thickness measurements can be used to detect deviation from the reference population such that infants who are at risk of nutritional or health problems are identified early, and intervention is instituted promptly.

scholarly journals ЩОДО ПИТАННЯ ПРО РАЦІОНАЛЬНУ ФОРМУ ПРЕСОВАНОГО БУЛЬБОКОСИНЦЯ

2020 ◽  
pp. 165-172
Author(s):  
А. Г. Дибир ◽  
А. А. Кирпикин ◽  
Н. И. Пекельный
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Transverse Load ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Sectional Shape ◽  
Aircraft Panels ◽  
Better Than

In airplane building and helicopter engineering a bulb angle bar  an angle bar with a bulb at the end of a wall are widespread. They are better than a simple angle bar, since they have higher critical stresses under compression more than the proportionality limit. They are better than T bar, as T bar are fastened with two rows of rivets, which impairs tightness. Bulb angle bar are better than Z bar. The latter are higher, which reduces the structural height of the cross section and increases the load on the panel and usually have an excess cross-sectional area. Bulb angle bars are widely used in the structure of metal fuselages of airplanes and helicopters, in the tail boom of helicopters, in the wing and tail unit of light aircraft, in flaps, ailerons and rudders. However, modern the bulb angle bar have a significant drawback.When a bulb angle bar is loaded by a transverse load from the skin in the wing structure, tail unit, fuselage, except of normal stresses from bending of the stringer with attached skin, supported by ribs or frames, additional normal and shear torsional stresses arise. This torsion is caused by the fact that the lateral load is not applied at the center of the bend. Additional stresses reduce the service life and tightness of the structure in this place. An altered cross-sectional shape of the bulb is proposed for use in light aircraft panels to increase their strength and service life. The change in shape had a significant impact on the location of the center of the bend in the cross section. The determination of the position of the center of the bend in the balloncube was carried out using the Wagner model with walls not working for shear stresses. The modified cross-sectional shape of the bulbogon allowed to reduce the level of residual stresses after the panels were assembled, to rationally transfer the load from the casing to the stringer and to improve the technology of their assembly in the panels. It is recommended to drill holes for rivets in the stringer in the middle of the entire width of its shelf, taking into account the wall.A modified cross-sectional shape of a corner with bulb is proposed for use in light aircraft panels. The change in shape had a significant impact on the location of the center of the bend in the cross section. This made it possible to reduce the level of residual stresses after the assembly of the panels, to rationally transfer the load from the casing to the stringer and to improve the technology of their assembly.

ULTRASONIC MEASUREMENTS OF BEEF BULLS IN PERFORMANCE-TESTING PROGRAMS

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. WILTON ◽  
T. D. BURGESS ◽  
T. R. BATRA
Keyword(s):  
Performance Test ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Longissimus Muscle ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
A Value ◽  
Ultrasonic Measurements ◽  
Partial Correlations ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Beef Bulls ◽  
Thickness Measurements

Fat thickness and longissimus muscle area were measured ultrasonically on 229 beef bulls on performance test. Charolais bulls were leaner than Hereford and Angus at both start and end of test and grew more quickly. Rate of gain on test was not related to initial age, weight or fat thickness, with partial correlations of.00,.22, and −.01, respectively, for Charolais, and.08,.06, and −.05, respectively, for Hereford. Rate of gain on test was not highly related to final fat thickness and longissimus muscle area nor to changes in fatness and muscle area during test, correlations with rate of gain being.14,.21,.06, and.02, respectively, for Charolais, and.15,.23,.22, and.12 for Hereford. Predicted retail yield gains per day on test were very closely related to liveweight gains on test, with correlations of.99 for both Charolais and Hereford. Fat thickness measurements do not appear to have any value if used to predict retail yield per day, but might have a value in identifying beef bulls that exceed acceptable fat thickness by the end of test.

Quantifying Ligament Cross-Sectional Area via Molding and Casting

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly H. Schmidt ◽  
William R. Ledoux
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Area Measurement ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
Tissue Destruction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ankle Ligaments ◽  
The Cross

Ligament cross-sectional areas are difficult to determine because ligaments are soft tissues, can be very short, and may be deep between bones. However, accurate measurements are required for determining the material properties from mechanical testing. Many techniques have been tried, but most suffer from one or more of the following: tissue deformation, tissue destruction, submersion of the tissue in saline, the need for a clear line of site, the inability to detect concavities, or poorly defined cross-sectional perimeters. Molding techniques have been used but have been limited by material issues such as large shrinkages, the inability to capture small detail, or the need to destroy the mold to remove the ligament. In this study, we developed a suitable molding and casting technique without systematic shrinkage that could accurately capture the odd shapes and concavities of foot and ankle ligaments with small clearances between bones. Metal rods of 1.62 mm, 2.90 mm, 3.18 mm, and 9.43 mm in diameter were molded using a liquid silicone rubber and cast with polyurethane. The effect of cutting the mold for specimen removal was investigated, and similar tests were done in the presence of saline. Image analysis software was used to determine the cross-sectional areas from photographs of cut castings. In addition, four different ligaments (each n=5) were dissected, molded, and cast. The cross-sectional area of each ligament was obtained. The maximum difference in area for all cases was 2.00%, with the majority being less than 1.00%; the overall root mean square error was 0.334 mm2 or 0.97%. Neither cutting the mold for specimen removal nor the presence of saline affected the cross-sectional area of the castings. Various representative foot and ankle ligaments were also molded and cast to capture fine detail of the ligament midsubstance including concavities. We have developed a method of measuring ligament cross-sectional area that can overcome the limitations of other area measurement techniques, while accounting for the complicated anatomy of the bones of the foot. The method was validated using metal rods of known diameters, and a representative set foot ligaments (N=20) was analyzed.

Summary of developing a test stand for realistic emulation of the cross-sectional area variation of hot rolled wire

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 332-342
Author(s):  
Mario Radschun ◽  
Annette Jobst ◽  
Jörg Himmel ◽  
Olfa Kanoun
Keyword(s):  
Process Optimization ◽  
Hot Rolling ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Test Stand ◽  
Area Measurement ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rolling Mills ◽  
Area Variation ◽  
The Cross

AbstractThe development of innovative measuring technology for process optimization in hot rolling mills becomes more and more relevant because of increasing demands on product quality. Measurement technology for high-resolution non-contact cross-sectional area measurement has shown that the variation in cross-sectional area contains information about the rolling process. This information can be used for the development of new measurement devices and analytical methods for process optimization. The harsh environmental conditions and strict safety regulations result in great effort when implementing a new sensor prototype in hot rolling mills. For this reason, this work presents a mechatronic test stand that can simulate the cross-sectional area variation under laboratory conditions realistically.

scholarly journals Association Between Omentin-1 and Indices of Glucose Metabolism in Early Pregnancy: a Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Papatheodorou ◽  
Bizu Gelaye ◽  
Michelle Williams
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Adjusted Model ◽  
Thickness Measurements ◽  
Larger Sample

Abstract Purpose: Omentin-1 plays an important role in regulating insulin sensitivity outside pregnancy. We aimed to evaluate whether circulating maternal omentin-1 concentrations are associated with fasting serum glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR and maternal obesity as measured by body mass index (BMI) and subcutaneous and intra-abdominal fat thickness measurements in normoglycemic pregnant participants.Methods: Omentin-1 was measured in a sub-cohort of 50 participants in the Omega study. We examined the cross-sectional association between omentin-1 and fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, BMI and subcutaneous and intra-abdominal fat thickness. We performed a subgroup analysis by BMI category.Results: Omentin-1 was negatively correlated with HOMA-IR and insulin and inversely associated with serum glucose concentration in the fully adjusted model ( −47%; slope per tertile increase in concentration −0.19; P-trend 0.01). This association was significant in non-overweight/obese (<25 kg/m2) but not among overweight/obese (≥25 kg/ m2) participants. The association with serum insulin in the fully adjusted model was not significant. Conclusion: Circulating omentin-1 concentrations are inversely associated with serum glucose concentrations. Although the significance of these findings remains to be elucidated, it may indicate a mechanism for the development of insulin resistance and gestational diabetes. Follow-up studies with larger sample sizes are warranted.

Casting of Aluminum Alloy Rod by a Single Wheel with V-Groove

2018 ◽  
Vol 792 ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshio Haga ◽  
Taisei Miyake
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Molten Metal ◽  
Metal Stream ◽  
Convex Shape ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Steel Wheel ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Sectional Shape ◽  
Better Than

Casting of a convex rod from 5182 aluminum alloy was attempted using a single wheel caster with a V-shape groove. The diameter of the mild steel wheel was 600 mm, the angle of the vortex was 90 degrees, and the width of the groove was 20 mm. Important factors to cast a rod with a convex shape are the speed of the molten metal ejected from a hole-nozzle and the collapse angle between the molten metal stream and the wheel. Important factors that affected the cross sectional shape of cast-bar were the speed of molten metal ejected from the hole-nozzle and the collapse angle of the molten metal against the wheel. A collapse angle close to 90° was better than an angle less than 90°. Casting speeds of 5 m/min and 15 m/min were employed, which resulted in convex cross sectional rod areas of 30 mm2 to 190 mm2.

scholarly journals Estimation with Aggregate Shocks

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 1365-1398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinyong Hahn ◽  
Guido Kuersteiner ◽  
Maurizio Mazzocco
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Test Statistics ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Aggregate Shocks ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Estimation Of Model Parameters

Abstract Aggregate shocks affect most households’ and firms’ decisions. Using three stylized models, we show that inference based on cross-sectional data alone generally fails to correctly account for decision making of rational agents facing aggregate uncertainty. We propose an econometric framework that overcomes these problems by explicitly parameterizing the agents’ decision problem relative to aggregate shocks. Our framework and examples illustrate that the cross-sectional and time-series aspects of the model are often interdependent. Therefore, estimation of model parameters in the presence of aggregate shocks requires the combined use of cross-sectional and time-series data. We provide easy-to-use formulas for test statistics and confidence intervals that account for the interaction between the cross-sectional and time-series variation. Lastly, we perform Monte Carlo simulations that highlight the properties of the proposed method and the risks of not properly accounting for the presence of aggregate shocks.

The Profitability of the Moving Average Strategy in the French Stock Market

2014 ◽  
pp. 21-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hung T. Nguyen ◽  
Hang V. D. Pham ◽  
Nguyen Hung
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Abnormal Return ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Risk Exposure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Better Than

This paper studies the cross-sectional profitability of moving average timing portfolios in the French stock market over the period from January 1, 1995 to December 31, 2012. The results provide strong evidence that the moving average timing outperforms the buy-and-hold strategy with higher returns and less risk exposure. On average, moving average portfolios generate an abnormal return of 3.72% per annum and always perform better than buy-and-hold benchmark portfolios across different lag length and volatility portfolios. Moreover, our results prevail after we control for transaction costs. Keywords:Technical analysis, moving average, cross-sectional profit

Choice of probing site for classification of live pigs using ultrasonic measurements

1999 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 641-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Hulsegge ◽  
G. Mateman ◽  
G. S. M. Merkus ◽  
P. Walstra
Keyword(s):  
Accurate Predictor ◽  
Lean Meat ◽  
A Value ◽  
Ultrasonic Measurements ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
A Site ◽  
Thickness Measurements ◽  
Made In

AbstractBody length and ultrasonic fat thickness measurements were taken on 86 live pigs in order to find an optimal probing site for estimation of lean meat proportion. The next day pigs were slaughtered and measurements with the Hennessy Grading Probe (HGP) were made in order to estimate the lean meat proportion.Fat thickness, 6 cm off the dorsal mid line, increased from a value of 9·5 mm at a site 4 cm cranial to the last rib, progressively through intermediate sites to a value of 12·4 mm, 22 cm cranial to the last rib. Fat thickness measurements at different sites (live pigs) were highly correlated with HGP fat thickness at the site between 3rd and 4th from last rib (3/4 LR) and estimated lean meat proportion (carcasses); correlations ranged from 0.80 to 0.89 and -071 to -0.85 respectively. The most accurate predictor of estimated lean meat proportion from the live pig measurements was the measurement at 18 cm cranial to the last rib. Measurement at the site half the distance between the occipital bone and the base of the tail (midpoint) was the second-best for estimated lean meat proportion.Generally, this midpoint on live pigs was situated around the 3/4 LR on carcasses. However, the range was considerable. Half of the number of animals had a midpoint in the range of -2.5 to 2.5 cm from 3/4 LR. The site midpoint is easily located on the animal and the results of this study suggest that it can be used as an accurate predictor of estimated lean meat proportion. Therefore it can serve as the probing site for classification of live pigs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document