scholarly journals Field experiments with bark humus MoDo-Mylla

1974 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-327
Author(s):  
Kalju Valdmaa
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
First Year ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Third

This preliminary 3-year field experiment with bark humus MoDo-Mylla revealed that an application of 28 tons d.m./ha of bark humus to a sandy soil increased the content of organic carbon by about 0.5 % and that application of 56 tons d.m./ha increased the organic content of the topsoil by about 1%. Corresponding increases in organic carbon were obtained following application of 30 and 60 tons d.m./ ha MoDo-Mylla to a clay soil. The largest yield increase resulting from bark humus was obtained in the first year on the clay soil in Uppland. This increase amounted to 81 per cent at 30 tons d.m./ha and 108percent at 60 tons d.m./ha, in comparison with treatments without bark humus. Positive effects were also obtained in the second year in oats, while in the third year (winter wheat) the yield was similar in all treatments. In the first year of the experiment on sandy soil in Dalarna there was no yield promoting effect from the bark humus, probably because the experiment had been laid out on a newly ploughed ley. Positive effects of the bark humus appeared in the second and third years in the potato yields which were 10 % and 5 % higher in the third year at 56 tons d.m./ha of MoDo-Mylla than in the treatment without MoDo-Mylla. No directly yield-promoting effects were noticed on the yield of straw. The determinations of bulk weight and 1 000-kernel weight revealed a clear trend towards increased kernel weight in the treatments with bark humus at both experimental sites. The chemical analyses of grain and straw show that on the clay soil the addition of MoDo-Mylla resulted in decreases in the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the grain and, in addition to these, calcium in the straw. On sand soil the situtation is the reverse for nitrogen and potassium as an increase in these nutrients can be obtained following an application of bark humus. These differences in the nutrient content are probably linked with the yield levels.

The effects of nitrogen and irrigation on timothy (Phleum pratense) grown for production of seed: I. Vegetative growth

1967 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
First Year ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Additional Nitrogen ◽  
Applied Nitrogen

1. Plants of S.48 timothy were established on a 1 ft square pattern for production of seed. Two series of plots, one irrigated and one not irrigated, were treated with three levels of applied nitrogen: 0 (NO), 87 (Nl) and 261 (N2) lb N per acre (0, 97·5 and 292·5 kg N/ha) per annum, for 3 years. In this, the first of two papers, only vegetative aspects of growth are considered. Since the irrigation treatment started only 2 weeks before most of the data were recorded, effects of irrigation on vegetative growth were generally small.2. The number of tillers per plant was increased by application of nitrogen; the lower increment was more effective than the additional nitrogen in the higher dose.3. The weight of tillers per plant was increased by nitrogen at both levels of application. The mean weight of each tiller was increased by nitrogen after the first year, predominantly in the N 2 treatment. In the second year, irrigation also increased the weight per tiller.4. The weight of roots per plant was significantly affected by application of nitrogen. In the first year, the weight was increased by nitrogen in irrigated plots; in the second year the roots were significantly heavier in the Nl treatment than in N0 and N2 treatments, where weights were similar; the same situation existed in irrigated plots in the third year, but in non-irrigated plots the weights of roots were similar in N1 and N2 treatments and were heavier than in the N0 treatment. Irrigation had positive effects on the weight of roots in the first and second years.

The nutrition of peanuts on cockatoo sands of the Ord River Valley

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (119) ◽  
pp. 407
Author(s):  
RCN Laurence
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Virgin Soil ◽  
Nutrient Requirements

Eight field experiments were carried out between 1977 and 1979 to determine the nutrient requirements of peanuts (Arachis hypogaea) when grown in a sandy soil next to the Ord River Valley. Treatments tested were phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, calcium, nitrogen and inoculation with Rhizobium. Phosphorus applied to the virgin soil at 20 kg/ha P increased pod yields by 36% (from 3.35 to 4.56 t/ha) and kernel yields by 40% (from 2.24 to 3.14 t/ha). Phosphorus had no effect in an experiment, which followed a fertilized crop of sorghum. Calcium as either limestone or gypsum increased kernel yields of 'Virginia Bunch' peanuts by up to 16% and 46% in two seasons, respectively, through improvements in kernel weight and shelling percentage. Potassium, nitrogen and inoculation did not affect any economic attribute.

The effect of tilth on the emergence of spring oats

1963 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Thow
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Coarse Aggregates ◽  
Fine Soil ◽  
Fine Surface ◽  
Rate Of Emergence ◽  
Point Quadrat ◽  
Low Rate

1. A survey of commercial crops of spring oats suggested tilth as a major factor affecting emergence.2. In field experiments conducted on clay and sandy soils, the surface tilth was regarded as a population of aggregates characterized by size which was analysed by means of a five-point quadrat. A tilth index was calculated from the data thus obtained. Under the rough tilths on the clay soil emergence and tilth were directly related, but on the sandy soil there was an optimum degree of cultivation, the plots with the finest tilth had been over-cultivated and gave a low rate of emergence (Fig. 2).3. A greenhouse pot experiment examined the effect of a cover above the seed of 21 tilths, of varying proportions of 0·03–0·25 in., 0·25–1·25 in., 1·25–2·25 in. diameter aggregates, the soil below the seed being uniform in all treatments. This confirmed that emergence rates were higher under fine surface tilths than under very rough tilths (Fig. 3). An increase in the proportion of 0·03–0·25 in. fraction increased emergence regularly whereas an increase in the proportion of the 1·25–2·25 in. fraction reduced emergence regularly. The presence of 0·25–1·25 in. aggregates reduced emergence compared with that where 0·03–0·25 in. only were present, but the effect of an increase in the proportion was not regular (Fig. 4).4. A second greenhouse pot experiment compared the effect of 3 tilths above the seed and 2 irrigation treatments. The low emergence rate (58%) caused by a very rough tilth under restricted irrigation was raised to 86% by liberal irrigation.5. From the evidence of both pot experiments it is postulated that a covering tilth above the seed of 25% or more by weight of fine soil (0·03–0·25 in.) and not more than 40% of coarse aggregates (1·25–2·25 in.) will permit a rate of emergence of at least 80%.6. As the fine covering tilths in the pot experiment gave high rates of emergence as compared with rougher tilths, it is suggested that the low rate of emergence, on the sandy soil field experiments, was due to a lack of soil moisture induced by over-cultivation.

Piggery pond sludge as a nitrogen source for crops 2. Assay of wet and stockpiled piggery pond sludge by successive cereal crops or direct measurement of soil available N

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Kliese ◽  
W. M. Strong ◽  
R. C. Dalal ◽  
N. W. Menzies
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Total N ◽  
Available N ◽  
Variation Explained ◽  
Crop N Uptake

The appropriate use of wastes is a significant issue for the pig industry due to increasing pressure from regulatory authorities to protect the environment from pollution. Nitrogen contained in piggery pond sludge (PPS) is a potential source of supplementary nutrient for crop production. Nitrogen contribution following the application of PPS to soil was obtained from 2 field experiments on the Darling Downs in southern Queensland on contrasting soil types, a cracking clay (Vertosol) and a hardsetting sandy loam (Sodosol), and related to potentially mineralisable N from laboratory incubations conducted under controlled conditions and NO3– accumulation in the field. Piggery pond sludge was applied as-collected (wet PPS) and following stockpiling to dry (stockpiled PPS). Soil NO3– levels increased with increased application rates of wet and stockpiled PPS. Supplementary N supply from PPS estimated by fertiliser equivalence was generally unsatisfactory due to poor precision with this method, and also due to a high level of NO3– in the clay soil before the first assay crop. Also low recoveries of N by subsequent sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) assay crops at the 2 sites due to low in-crop rainfall in 1999 resulted in low apparent N availability. Over all, 29% (range 12–47%) of total N from the wet PPS and 19% (range 0–50%) from the stockpiled PPS were estimated to be plant-available N during the assay period. The high concentration of NO3- for the wet PPS application on sandy soil after the first assay crop (1998 barley, Hordeum vulgare) suggests that leaching of NO3– could be of concern when high rates of wet PPS are applied before infrequent periods of high precipitation, due primarily to the mineral N contained in wet PPS. Low yields, grain protein concentrations, and crop N uptake of the sorghum crop following the barley crop grown on the clay soil demonstrated a low residual value of N applied in PPS. NO3– in the sandy soil before sowing accounted for 79% of the variation in plant N uptake and was a better index than anaerobically mineralisable N (19% of variation explained). In clay soil, better prediction of crop N uptake was obtained when both anaerobically mineralisable N (39% of variation explained) and soil profile NO3– were used in combination (R2 = 0.49).

The availability of the nitrogen in the crop residues of winter wheat to subsequent crops

1993 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. B. S. Hart ◽  
D. S. Powlson ◽  
P. R. Poulton ◽  
A. E. Johnston ◽  
D. S. Jenkinson
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
The Third ◽  
Crop System

SUMMARYThree field experiments in Eastern England, in which 15N-labelled fertilizer had been applied to winter wheat, were used to measure the persistence of the labelled N remaining in soil and stubble at harvest and the availability of this N to up to four subsequent wheat crops. A portion of the labelled fertilizer N quickly became stabilized in the soil, with only small and ever-decreasing amounts recovered by subsequent crops. Combining all sites, all years and all applications of fertilizer, 6·6±1·92 (S.D.) % of the labelled fertilizer remaining in soil (0–70 cm) plus stubble in the year of application was taken up by the next wheat crop, i.e. by the first ‘residual year’ crop. A further 3·5±0·39% was taken up in the second residual year, 2·2±0·43% in the third and 2·2% in the fourth. Loss of residual labelled N was more rapid from a sandy soil than from two heavier-textured soils, particularly in the first residual year. After four residual crops on one of the heavier soils (at Rothamsted), 16% of the labelled N remaining in soil (0–70 cm) and stubble in the year of application had been taken up by the crops, c. 29% had been lost from the soil/crop system and 55% remained in the soil.

INFLUENCE OF THE DIFFERENT SOIL PREPARATION METHODS ON THE PEA YIELD

2018 ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
А. М. Grebennikov ◽  
А. S. Frid ◽  
V. P. Belobrov ◽  
V. А. Isaev ◽  
V. М. Garmashоv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
First Year ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Soil Preparation ◽  
Multifactor Analysis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Central Chernozem

The article assesses the relationships between the morphological properties of agrochernozems and yield of peas on the plots, experience with different methods of basic treatment (moldboard plowing at the depth of 20 - 22, 25 - 27 and 14 - 16 cm, moldboard plowing to a depth of 14 - 16 cm, combined midwater moldboard, mid-water subsurface, surface to a depth of 6 - 8 cm and zero tillage) is inherent in V.V. Dokuchaev Research Institute of Agriculture of the Central Black Earth strip, in the fall of 2014. The research was conducted in 2015 - 2016, with the application of mineral fertilizers (N60Р60К60) and unfertilized background. The highest pea yields in the fertilized as the background, and without the use of fertilizers was observed in dumping plowing and especially in the variant with deep moldboard plowing, which creates in comparison with other ways of handling the best conditions for the growth and development of peas. The lowest yield of pea was obtained with zero processing. Apparently legalistic migrational-mizelial agrochernozems the Central Chernozem zone of minimum tillage in the cultivation of peas are not effective, what is evident already in the first year after the laying of experience with different basic treatments. As shown by the results of applying multifactor analysis of variance studied the mapping properties of the soil can have the same significant impact on the yield of agricultural crops, as options for the field experiments aimed at assessing the impact of various treatments on yield.

1702–1703

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances Harris
Keyword(s):  
First Year ◽  
The Third

The third chapter traces the beginning of the partnership through the first year of Queen Anne’s reign, as Marlborough persuades Godolphin to return to office as Lord Treasurer and his ministerial partner, with the declared aim of ‘moderation’, that is, holding the balance between the Tories and Whigs on the basis of their support of the war. The role of Queen Anne’s husband Prince George is examined and Marlborough’s and Godolphin’s separate roles are explored, along with the significance of their extensive correspondence. Marlborough is unexpectedly successful in his first campaign, but his determination to obtain a grant from Parliament to support his dukedom jeopardizes Godolphin’s project for war-supply, and their rival Rochester contests control of the Treasury and therefore the war. Marlborough forces Rochester’s resignation and the partnership is confirmed when Marlborough’s only son dies shortly before he leaves for the Continent and he adopts Godolphin’s son as his heir.

scholarly journals Deep learning for intelligent diagnosis in thyroid scintigraphy

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 030006052098284
Author(s):  
Tingting Qiao ◽  
Simin Liu ◽  
Zhijun Cui ◽  
Xiaqing Yu ◽  
Haidong Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Kappa Coefficient ◽  
Diagnostic Assessment ◽  
First Year ◽  
Thyroid Scintigraphy ◽  
Diagnostic Ability ◽  
The Third ◽  
Classification Time ◽  
Better Than

Objective To construct deep learning (DL) models to improve the accuracy and efficiency of thyroid disease diagnosis by thyroid scintigraphy. Methods We constructed DL models with AlexNet, VGGNet, and ResNet. The models were trained separately with transfer learning. We measured each model’s performance with six indicators: recall, precision, negative predictive value (NPV), specificity, accuracy, and F1-score. We also compared the diagnostic performances of first- and third-year nuclear medicine (NM) residents with assistance from the best-performing DL-based model. The Kappa coefficient and average classification time of each model were compared with those of two NM residents. Results The recall, precision, NPV, specificity, accuracy, and F1-score of the three models ranged from 73.33% to 97.00%. The Kappa coefficient of all three models was >0.710. All models performed better than the first-year NM resident but not as well as the third-year NM resident in terms of diagnostic ability. However, the ResNet model provided “diagnostic assistance” to the NM residents. The models provided results at speeds 400 to 600 times faster than the NM residents. Conclusion DL-based models perform well in diagnostic assessment by thyroid scintigraphy. These models may serve as tools for NM residents in the diagnosis of Graves’ disease and subacute thyroiditis.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Soil Organic Carbon and Labile Carbon Fractions in Soil Aggregates Affected by Different Tillage Managements

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1541
Author(s):  
Xiaolin Shen ◽  
Lili Wang ◽  
Qichen Yang ◽  
Weiming Xiu ◽  
Gang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Labile Carbon ◽  
Carbon Fractions ◽  
Soil Aggregate Stability ◽  
Positive Effects

Our study aimed to provide a scientific basis for an appropriate tillage management of wheat-maize rotation system, which is beneficial to the sustainable development of agriculture in the fluvo-aquic soil areas in China. Four tillage treatments were investigated after maize harvest, including rotary tillage with straw returning (RT), deep ploughing with straw returning (DP), subsoiling with straw returning (SS), and no tillage with straw mulching (NT). We evaluated soil organic carbon (SOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), permanganate oxidizable carbon (POXC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and particulate organic carbon (POC) in bulk soil and soil aggregates with five particle sizes (>5 mm, 5–2 mm, 2–1 mm, 1–0.25 mm, and <0.25 mm) under different tillage managements. Results showed that compared with RT treatment, NT treatment not only increased soil aggregate stability, but also enhanced SOC, DOC, and POC contents, especially those in large size macroaggregates. DP treatment also showed positive effects on soil aggregate stability and labile carbon fractions (DOC and POXC). Consequently, we suggest that no tillage or deep ploughing, rather than rotary tillage, could be better tillage management considering carbon storage. Meanwhile, we implied that mass fractal dimension (Dm) and POXC could be effective indicators of soil quality, as affected by tillage managements.

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