scholarly journals Feeding of high producing dairy cows according to rumen undegradable protein requirements in grass silage based diet

1984 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jouko Setälä ◽  
Liisa Syrjälä-Qvist ◽  
Esko Poutiainen
Keyword(s):  
Milk Protein ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Rumen Undegradable Protein ◽  
Feed Protein ◽  
Comparison Period

The experiment was performed with 21 Ayshire cows 4—16 weeks post calving. Cows received restricted amounts (according to calculated intake) of unwilted grass silage, preserved with a mixture of acetic acid and formalin and two kilograms of hay/cow/day. A concentrate mixture including dried and propionic acid treated barley and oats together with a mineral-vitamin mixture was given 0.3 kg/kg FCM. During the standardization period (2 weeks) protein feeding of the cows was performed according to the DCP requirements and the diet was supplemented with soybean meal if necessary. For the adaptation period (3 weeks) and the comparison period (8 weeks) the cows were divided in 3 equal groups of 7 cows (G1, G2, G3). G 1 had no protein supplement in the diet. The diets of G 2 and G 3 were supplemented correspondingly either with rapeseed meal or formaldehyde treated urea on the basis of the UDP (undegradable feed protein) requirements (G2) and the DCP requirements (G3) of the cows. Efficient protein degradabilities in the total diets during the comparison period varied from 77 to 85 % when the determinations were made with the nylon bag technique. The highest degradabilities were found for the diet of G3 and the lowest for G 2. Significantly (P < 0.05, 0.01) the highest yields of FCM and milk protein were recorded for Group2 (G2) in which the cows received protein supplement according to their UDP requirements. Using a factorial approach, conversion of protein absorbable in the small intestine to milk protein was calculated to be 66.5 ± 0.8 % when all the cows in three groups were taken into account.

scholarly journals Effect of increasing digestible undegraded protein supply to dairy cows in late gestation on the yield and composition of milk during the subsequent lactation

1996 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Moorby ◽  
R. J. Dewhurst ◽  
S. Marsden
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Management Regime ◽  
Protein Pool ◽  
Ad Libitum

AbstractEffects of feeding a protein supplement to dairy cows during the dry period on performance during the following lactation were investigated in two experiments. Holstein-Friesian cows were paired towards the end of lactation, and, after drying off, one of each pair received a typical dry cow management regime of ad libitum grass silage (experiment 1), or a mix of grass silage and distillers' grains or pressed beet pulp (experiment 2). The other cows were offered restricted access to the same basal diet, together with ad libitum access to barley straw and 0·5 kg/day high protein maize gluten meal. During the following lactation, animals from both groups were treated without reference to dry period treatment, and were offered equal access to the same lactation diet. Data were analysed by analysis of variance of experiment means and by parallel curve analysis using sample means. In experiment 1, milk yields were similar (27·2 v. 27·9 (s.e.d. 2·12) kg/day for control and supplemented animals respectively) but milk protein yields, and hence concentrations, were significantly higher (P < 0·001) from supplemented animals (28·9 v. 31·8 (s.e.d. 0·58) g/kg). In experiment 2, milk yields were significantly higher (P < 0·001) from supplemented animals (mean 33·3 v. 35·4 (s.e.d. 1·66) kg/day; however, milk protein yields were also significantly increased (P < 0·001) and the change in milk protein concentration was small. No difference in dry-matter intake was recorded in a subset of animals during early lactation in experiment 2. It is hypothesized that the maternal labile body protein pool was maintained or replenished during the dry period by the provision of the protein supplement, and that this had a significant effect on subsequent lactation performance.

Milk production from dairy cows offered a conserved barley/kale bicrop compared to grass silage

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 24-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Moorby ◽  
P.R. Evans ◽  
N.E. Young
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Protein Production ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Feed Protein

The efficiency of use of feed protein for milk protein production is very poor, particularly for animals offered conserved forages. Contributing to this is the inefficient capture of rumen degradable N in situations where a readily fermentable energy supply is not available for use by the rumen microbial population. The incorporation of a whole crop cereal into a conserved forage could increase rumen protein efficiency. This experiment was carried out to investigate the milk production of dairy cows offered a conserved forage of a whole crop barley and kale bicrop compared with grass silage, and a mixture of the two.

Low-glucosinolate rapeseed meal as a protein source for milk production

1988 ◽  
Vol 1988 ◽  
pp. 76-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isobel Vincent ◽  
R. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Group A ◽  
Additional Protein ◽  
Soyabean Meal ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Friesian Cows

Low-glucosinolate rapeseed meal (<20 μmol/g) is likely to replace the high-glucosinolate meal currently produced in the UK, and in this experiment the use of low-glucosinolate rapeseed meal (RSM) as the sole protein supplement in a compound feed for milk production in cows was assessed. There were three compound concentrate feeds of similar energy and protein content, 0% RSM (group A), 15% RSM (B) and 30% RSM (C). The additional protein in diets A and B was provided as soyabean meal (SBM).Eighteen Friesian cows were divided into three groups, balanced with regard to previous yield and number of lactations, and three weeks after calving were given one of the compound feeds in a 3x3 changeover experiment; each of the three feeding periods was four weeks. Barley meal was given as a parlour feed, 1 kg air dry at each milking, and the compound concentrate and grass silage were given at Broadbent-Calan gates in quantities related to expected milk yield.

scholarly journals Rapeseed meal as a supplementary protein for dairy cows on grass silage-based diet, with the emphasis on the Nordic AAT-PBV feed protein evaluation system

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikko Tuori
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Glucosinolate Content ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Utilization Of Protein ◽  
Concentrate Mixture ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Feed Protein

The effect of rapeseed meal (RSM) supplementation on the performance of dairy cows on direct cut grass silage based diets was studied in five feeding trials. The proportion of RSM varied from 0% to 33% in the concentrate mixture (the grain was an oat-barley mixture of 1:1). In one experiment the treatments were RSM and soybean meal (SBM), while in another experiment forage was either grass silage or bam dried hay cut at the same maturity. In addition, this was compared to the data of other trials in Finland during the last ten years, in which RSM supplementation had been used. Using this data the response in terms of milk yield to RSM supplementation was estimated. The utilization of protein in milk production was estimated by the Nordic AAT-PBV protein evaluation system. During the experiments (1983-1990) the varieties of turnip rape were changed from high glucosinolate, containing single-zero, to low glucosinolate containing doublezero varieties, while the glucosinolate content was reduced from 40-50 μmoles to 14 μmoles per g of defatted meal. Heat-moisture treatment (™Öpex) further reduced the glucosinolate content by half. By replacing grain with RSM in the concentratemixture with ad libitum silage feeding, the silage intake increased by 0.43 kg per kg increase in RSM on the basis of dry matter (DM) (non significant). The response in increased milk production was 0.77 kg in milk or 0.70 kg in energy corrected milk (ECM) yield (P

scholarly journals Effects of physical treatment of barley and rapeseed meal in dairy cows given grass silage-based diets

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pekka Huhtanen ◽  
Terttu Heikkilä
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Physical Treatment ◽  
Heat Moisture Treatment ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
Moisture Treatment

Twenty-four Ayrshire cows were used to study the effects of physical treatment of barley, rapeseed meal (RSM) supplementation and heat-moisture treatment of RSM on silage intake and milk production. Experimental design was a cyclic change-over with six dietary treatments. The treatments in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement consisted of either untreated (UB) or heat-moisture treated barley (TB), given without protein supplementation (control) or with untreated or heat-moisture treated RSM. Grass silage was given ad libitum and the concentrates at a rate of 10 kg/d. For the RSM diets, 2 kg/d of the basal concentrate was replaced with either untreated or treated RSM. Treatment of barley decreased silage intake, the effect being greater when the supplement did not contain RSM. There was no effect on milk yield, but due to the lower milk fat content, energy corrected milk yield was lower in cows given TB than in those given UB. Feeding the TB diets was also associated with lower milk urea content, and with increased milk protein content but not protein yield. Faster initial rate of gas production in vitro suggested that the treatment of barley increased the rate of fermentation. Compared with the control diets, RSM supplementation significantly increased silage intake, milk yield, milk protein content and yields of all milk constituents. Heat-moisture treatment of RSM did not produce any further production response.

Milk production from dairy cows offered a conserved barley/kale bicrop compared to grass silage

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 24-24
Author(s):  
J.M. Moorby ◽  
P.R. Evans ◽  
N.E. Young
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Protein Production ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Feed Protein

The efficiency of use of feed protein for milk protein production is very poor, particularly for animals offered conserved forages. Contributing to this is the inefficient capture of rumen degradable N in situations where a readily fermentable energy supply is not available for use by the rumen microbial population. The incorporation of a whole crop cereal into a conserved forage could increase rumen protein efficiency. This experiment was carried out to investigate the milk production of dairy cows offered a conserved forage of a whole crop barley and kale bicrop compared with grass silage, and a mixture of the two.

Protein supplementation of grass silages of differing digestibility for growing steers

2001 ◽  
Vol 136 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. D. SCOLLAN ◽  
A. SARGEANT ◽  
A. B. McALLAN ◽  
M. S. DHANOA
Keyword(s):  
Basal Diet ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Soyabean Meal ◽  
Grazing Period ◽  
Better Than

Previous studies have demonstrated that protein sources which are primarily degraded in the rumen such as rapeseed meal or soyabean meal may be as effective as a less rumen degradable protein source such as fishmeal in supporting higher levels of animal performance in young steers fed on grass silage. However, the response to type of protein supplement is likely to be influenced by the composition of the basal diet. This study has examined the effect of supplementing silages prepared from early (EH) and late (LH) harvested grass with two protein sources of differing rumen degradability, rapeseed meal (RSM) and fishmeal (FM) or a mixture of the two (M), thus creating eight experimental diets of LH, LHRSM, LHFM, LHM, EH, EHRSM, EHFM and EHM. Silage was offered ad libitum and supplements were included at 100 g fresh weight/kg silage DM intake. The RSM and M diets were made isonitrogenous with FM diets by the addition of urea. Animals remained on diets for 18 weeks and liveweights were monitored for a further 13 weeks while the animals were at pasture. Dry matter (DM) intakes and liveweight gains were higher with EH than with LH silage (P < 0·001). Response to type of protein supplement was dependent on silage quality. On LH silage, higher intakes were noted on FM and M (82·4 and 82·8 g DM/unit metabolic liveweight/day, respectively) relative to silage only (75·8 g DM/unit metabolic liveweight/day) and this contributed towards higher liveweight gains (P < 0·01). Liveweight gains tended to be higher on LH silage supplemented with FM compared to RSM (0·76 v. 0·67 kg/day, respectively, P = 0·08). In comparison, on EH silage, relative to EH unsupplemented, the intake was highest on M (89·2 v. 96·6 g DM/unit metabolic liveweight/day), but liveweight gains were not significantly different between supplements. On turnout to pasture, those animals fed on silage alone exhibited compensatory growth (P < 0·025) with the result that those fed on LH silage only grew faster and achieved the same liveweight after 13 weeks at grass as those supplemented with RSM or M. There was a tendency for those fed on FM to maintain an advantage in liveweight after the period at pasture. On EH silage, at the end of the grazing period no significant differences in liveweight existed between the different supplements and on average were 23 kg heavier than EH silage unsupplemented. In conclusion, silage type (stage of harvest and quality) and protein supplementation influenced animal performance. On late harvest and poorer digestibility silage, there was some indication that feeding fishmeal was better than rapeseed but this was less evident on early harvest and higher digestibility silage. However, considering the price differential between these two supplements and small difference in animal performance it is concluded that rapeseed meal is as effective as fishmeal when used as a protein supplement for growing cattle fed on grass silage.

The utilization of a commercial rapeseed meal product (RaPass) as a protein supplement for lactating dairy cows

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 ◽  
pp. 204-204
Author(s):  
E. C. C. de Sousa Lamy ◽  
S. P. Williams ◽  
M. B. Salawu ◽  
C. J. Hammond
Keyword(s):  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Ruminant Diets ◽  
Rumen Undegradable Protein ◽  
Ruminal Protein Degradability ◽  
Meal Product ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Protein Degradability

Rapeseed meal is a common protein supplement in ruminant diets that is characterized by high rumen protein degradability (Bertilssonet al., 1994; Vanhataloet al., 1995). Appropriate treatment can however reduce ruminal protein degradability and increase the efficiency of protein utilization. RaPass (UM Feeds Marketing, Burton on Trent, Staffs, UK) is a commercial rapeseed meal product that made using the Maillard reaction. This is the non-enzymatic browning reaction between proteins and reducing sugars that protects protein from rumen degradation. Release of the protein at abomasal pH allows the peptide chains to be digested at an efficiency similar to that of untreated rapeseed meal (Mosset al2000). Cows fed rapeseed meal that was treated to increase the rumen undegradable protein (RUP) content have been reported to perform better than those fed untreated rapeseed meal (Bertilssonet al., 1994). This study evaluated the potential of using RaPass as a protein supplement in dairy cow rations.

Fish meal supplementation of sugar beet feed or barley based concentrates for finishing beef cattle fed on grass silage diets

1988 ◽  
Vol 1988 ◽  
pp. 141-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M. Kay ◽  
J.I. Harland
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
List Type ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Finishing Cattle ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Rumen Undegradable Protein ◽  
Finishing Beef Cattle

Whilst it is predicted that for finishing cattle (over 350 kg at start) fed grass silage diets, rumen degradable protein (RDP) should provide all protein requirements, previous studies have shown very variable growth responses from protein supplementation of cereal or starchy concentrates fed with grass silage. The protein source usually used being white fish meal which is high in rumen undegradable protein (UDP). This experiment investigated the response to fish meal supplementation of an energy concentrate based on either barley (starchy) or sugar beet feed (SBF, fibrous) when fed with good quality (64‘D’) grass silage to cattle in the finishing period of a traditional 18 month semi-intensive system.Forty two 15 month and twelve 14 month old Friesian steers were blocked by weight and allocated at random to treatments (weights as fed):1. 2kg barley plus minerals (2B)2. 1.8 kg barley plus 0.2 kg fish meal (2BF)3. 2 kg sugar beet feed plus minerals (2S)4. 1.8 kg sugar beet feed plus 0.2 kg fish meal(2SF)5. 4 kg sugar beet feed plus minerals (4S)6. 4 kg barley plus minerals (4B)

scholarly journals The effect of supplementation of grass silage with rapeseed meal or Gasol-treated barley on the performance of growing cattle

1985 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
Pekka Huhtanen ◽  
Esko Poutiainen ◽  
Timo Mikkola
Keyword(s):  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Factorial Method ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Degradation Rates

Grass silage was offered ad libitum to 16 Ayrshire cattle in a 2 x 2 factorial experiment lasting 196 days. The silage was supplemented with barley preserved with 0.85 % of propionic acid (PAB) or 1.28 % Gasol solution (GB) 45 g DM/kg W0.75. Four of the animals in PAB and GB groups received no protein supplement(NPS) and four of the animals in both groups received extracted rapeseed meal as protein supplement(RSM). RSM was fed according to UDP (undegradable feed protein) requirements. The average age of the animals at the beginning of the experiment was 86 days and the average liveweight 106 kg. The average daily gains were 1066 and 1070 g/d for PAB and GB groups and 1012 and 1124 g/d (P < 0.01) for NPS and RSM groups. In feed intake and feed conversion there were no significant differences between the groups. Supplementation of silage barley diet with RSM increased the digestibility of organic matter from 71.1 to 73.5 % (P < 0.05), of crude protein from 62.8 to 67.4 % (P < 0.05) and of crude fibre from 57.2 to 60.2 % (P < 0.05). Both barleys were well preserved and there was no deterioration during the storage. The degradation rates of DM, crude protein and starch determined by nylon bag method were lower in GB than in PAB. Crude protein disappearances in 9 hours were 46.6 % for GB and 76.4 % for PAB. The utilization of absorbed protein calculated by factorial method averaged 0.566 ± 0.01 in the four different groups. Plasma urea N level was higher (P < 0.05) in the RSM than in the NPS group. The proportion of acetic acid in the rumen VFA was lower (P < 0.05) and that of propionic acid higher (P < 0.01) in the RSM than in the NPS group. PAB resulted in a higher (P < 0.05) proportion of propionic acid in rumen VFA than did GB.

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