scholarly journals Sulphate sorption by Finnish mineral soils

1987 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
Markku Yli-Halla
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Phosphate Sorption ◽  
Soluble Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Component ◽  
Phosphorus Status ◽  
Mineral Soils

Sulphate sorption by 38 Finnish cultivated mineral soils was determined and its correlation with soil properties was studied. Sulphate sorption was correlated with soil pH (r =—0.46**) and with phosphate sorption (r =0.69***). With increasing soil pH, sulphate sorption decreased in relation to phosphate sorption. Phosphorus status was decisive in explaining the sulphate sorption of the soils. Even if both anions are sorbed by the same soil component (amorphous Al compounds), the sites are not available for sulphate if they are already occupied by phosphate. Sulphate sorption was negligible in soils very rich in easily soluble phosphorus. This was reflected in a close negative correlation between sulphate sorption and acid ammonium acetate (pH 4.65) extractable phosphorus (r =—0.70***). During the last few decades, phosphorus fertilization has increased the amount of easily soluble phosphorus in Finnish fields, which obviously has decreased the capacity of the soils to retain sulphate.

scholarly journals Agricultural Soil Phosphorus in Hungary: High Resolution Mapping and Assessment of Socioeconomic and Pedological Factors of Spatiotemporal Variability

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 5311
Author(s):  
Piroska Kassai ◽  
Gergely Tóth
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variability ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Phosphorus Level ◽  
Soluble Phosphorus ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

Over-fertilization before 1989 resulted in high phosphorus levels in agricultural soils of Hungary, but the accumulated reserves seem to have been depleted in recent decades due to under-fertilization. The aims of this study were to map the spatial pattern of phosphorus level and its change in the last few decades in Hungary to document the effect of fertilization and underlying socio-economic conditions on P concentrations, to identify the role of soil properties in changing soil soluble P and to quantify the total amount of soluble phosphorus level change in agricultural areas in the last few decades in the country. Two soil datasets were analyzed (National Pedological and Crop Production Database of Hungary and the Land Use/Land Cover Area Frame Survey, LUCAS, topsoil dataset), representing the status of soil nutrient contents in 1989 and in 2009. The measured phosphorus concentrations were compared to the reported phosphorus fertilization inputs. We also evaluated the effect of some important soil properties on soluble phosphorus content and on its change. We produced three maps by using kriging methods: soluble phosphorus levels in 1989, in 2009 and the change between 1989 and 2009. The results confirmed that phosphorus levels in agricultural areas depend mainly on agricultural use, while soil physical characteristics play a smaller role. Nevertheless, we demonstrated that the decrease in soil phosphorus levels was significantly influenced by soil chemistry (pH and CaCO3 content). The mean soluble phosphorus level was 108 mg/kg in 1989 and 28 mg/kg in 2009, and the median values were 100 and 22. The total loss (caused by harvesting, fixation and erosion) is ~1.5 million tons of soluble phosphorus, which is twice as much as the reported phosphorus balances indicated. In conclusion, our results show that approximately 50% of agricultural areas in Hungary are characterized by a very low supply of phosphorus (according to the latest data), posing a risk of nutrient depletion in these areas.

scholarly journals Forms of newly retained phosphorus in mineral soils

1964 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-76
Author(s):  
Armi Kaila
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Sorption Capacity ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Soluble Phosphate ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Phosphate Sorption ◽  
Soluble Phosphorus ◽  
Mineral Soils

The distribution of soluble phosphate in various fractions of soil phosphorus was studied by treating 1 g-samples of 180 mineral soils with 50 ml of a KH2PO4- solution containing P 5 mg/l for 24 hours, and carrying out the fractionation by the method of CHANG and JACKSON after the solution was removed and the moist samples had stood for 3 days at room temperature. The amount of retained phosphorus in the different fractions was computed by taking the difference between the treated and check samples. In the 70 samples of clay soils, the mean proportion of the retained phosphorus was 57 per cent of the 250 mg/kg applied, in the 62 samples of the sand and fine sand soils the corresponding part was 45 per cent, and in the 48 samples of loam and silt soils it was 44 per cent. The higher retention in the clay soils was mainly due to a higher retention in the alkali-soluble fraction. The net increase in the fluoride-soluble forms was of the same order in these three soil groups. On the average, more than 95 per cent of the sorbed phosphorus was found in the fluoride-soluble and alkali-soluble fractions. In one third of the samples a low net increase in the acid soluble fraction was detected, but this may be partly due to changes in the solubility of the native phosphorus in the treated samples. Owing to the fairly large variation, the tendency to somewhat higher mean values for the sorption in the subsoils compared with those of the topsoils was not statistically significant. The ratio between the sorbed amounts of fluoride-soluble and alkali soluble forms was higher in the sand and fine sand soils than in the clay soils. Only in 15 samples, most of them Litorina-soils, the net increase in the alkali-soluble forms was higher than in the fluoride-soluble fraction. Probably, because an equilibrium in the phosphorus conditions was not yet reached at the end of the treatment, the attempt failed to find any clear connection between the distribution of the sorbed phosphorus and such soil properties as pH, the contents of acid oxalate soluble aluminium and iron, organic carbon, the phosphate sorption capacity and the degree of phosphate saturation. Only in the subsoil samples, 76 per cent of the variation in the net increase in the fluoride-soluble fraction could be explained by the variation on the content of oxalate-soluble aluminium, and in the topsoil samples the oxalate-soluble iron and pH determined 61 per cent of the variation in the net increase in the alkali-soluble phosphorus. The ratio of oxalate-soluble aluminium to iron was more closely correlated with the ratio between the total amounts of fluoride-soluble and alkali-soluble phosphorus than with the ratio between the corresponding sorbed amounts. In the topsoils, it explained 70 per cent of the variation in the former. The distribution of the retained phosphorus did not depend on the soil pH, its content of organic carbon, or its degree of phosphate saturation but there was some tendency to a higher accumulation of alkali-soluble phosphorus compared with the fluoride-soluble forms with an increase in the phosphate sorption capacity of the soil.

scholarly journals Sorption capacity of phosphate in mineral soils: II Dependence of sorption capacity on soil properties

1990 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Raina Niskanen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Sorption Capacity ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Phosphate Sorption ◽  
P Sorption ◽  
P Sorption Capacity ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Extractable Al

The dependence of the indicator of phosphate sorption capacity on extractable Al and Fe and other soil properties was studied in a material consisting of 102 mineral soil samples. The sum of P adsorbed on soil during two days from a solution containing P 5 mmol/l and P extracted by 0.02 M EDTA (pH 5.3) as an estimate of the initial P content in the soil was used as the indicator of P sorption capacity. In clay and silt soils (n = 51), the Al and Fe extracted by 0.05 M oxalate (pH 2.9) together with the organic C content explained 85 %, the Al and Fe extracted by 0.05 M K4P2O7 (pH 10) together with the clay content 87 %, the Al and Fe extracted by 0.02 M EDTA (pH 5.3) 91 %, and the Al extracted by 1 M CH3COONH4 (pH 4.8) together with the organic C and clay contents 78 % of the variation of the indicator of phosphate sorption capacity. In coarse soils (n = 51), the variation of the indicator was explained well only by oxalate-extractable metals, which together with soil pH and clay content explained 80 % of the variation. Extractable Al was generally the most important explainer of variation. The results suggest that forms of extractable Al and Fe explaining the variation of the indicator of P sorption capacity in clay and silt soils are partially different from those in coarse soils.

scholarly journals Soil Nutrient and Vegetation Diversity Patterns of Alpine Wetlands on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6221
Author(s):  
Muyuan Ma ◽  
Yaojun Zhu ◽  
Yuanyun Wei ◽  
Nana Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Vegetation Diversity ◽  
Vegetation Biomass ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
The Relationship

To predict the consequences of environmental change on the biodiversity of alpine wetlands, it is necessary to understand the relationship between soil properties and vegetation biodiversity. In this study, we investigated spatial patterns of aboveground vegetation biomass, cover, species diversity, and their relationships with soil properties in the alpine wetlands of the Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China. Furthermore, the relative contribution of soil properties to vegetation biomass, cover, and species diversity were compared using principal component analysis and multiple regression analysis. Generally, the relationship between plant biomass, coverage, diversity, and soil nutrients was linear or unimodal. Soil pH, bulk density and organic carbon were also significantly correlated to plant diversity. The soil attributes differed in their relative contribution to changes in plant productivity and diversity. pH had the highest contribution to vegetation biomass and species richness, while total nitrogen was the highest contributor to vegetation cover and nitrogen–phosphorus ratio (N:P) was the highest contributor to diversity. Both vegetation productivity and diversity were closely related to soil properties, and soil pH and the N:P ratio play particularly important roles in wetland vegetation biomass, cover, and diversity.

scholarly journals Spatial variability and mapping of soil fertility status in a high-potential smallholder farming area under sub-humid conditions in Zimbabwe

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Soropa ◽  
Olton M. Mbisva ◽  
Justice Nyamangara ◽  
Ermson Z. Nyakatawa ◽  
Newton Nyapwere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Spatial Dependence ◽  
Random Component ◽  
Smallholder Farming ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Spatial Trend ◽  
Spatial Trends

AbstractA study was conducted to examine spatial variability of soil properties related to fertility in maize fields across varying soil types in ward 10 of Hurungwe district, Zimbabwe; a smallholder farming area with sub-humid conditions and high yield potential. Purposively collected and geo-referenced soil samples were analyzed for texture, pH, soil organic carbon (OC), mineral N, bicarbonate P, and exchangeable K. Linear mixed model was used to analyze spatial variation of the data. The model allowed prediction of soil properties at unsampled sites by the empirical best linear unbiased predictor (EBLUP). Evidence for spatial dependence in the random component of the model was evaluated by calculating Akaike’s information criterion. Soil pH ranged from 4.0 to 6.9 and showed a strong spatial trend increasing from north to south, strong evidence for a difference between the home and outfields with homefields significantly higher and between soil textural classes with the sand clay loam fraction generally higher. Soil OC ranged from 0.2 to 2.02% and showed no spatial trend, but there was strong evidence for a difference between home and outfields, with mean soil OC in homefields significantly larger, and between soil textural classes, with soil OC largest in the sandy clay loams. Both soil pH and OC showed evidence for spatial dependence in the random effect, providing a basis for spatial prediction by the EBLUP, which was presented as a map. There were significant spatial trends in mineral N, available P and exchangeable K, all increasing from north to south; significant differences between homefields and outfields (larger concentrations in homefields), and differences between the soil textural classes with larger concentrations in the sandy clay loams. However, there was no evidence for spatial dependence in the random component, so no attempt was made to map these variables. These results show how management (home fields vs outfields), basic soil properties (texture) and other factors emerging as spatial trends influence key soil properties that determine soil fertility in these conditions. This implies that the best management practices may vary spatially, and that site-specific management is a desirable goal in conditions such as those which apply in Ward 10 of Hurungwe district in Zimbabwe.

scholarly journals Three representative UK moorland soils show differences in decadal release of dissolved organic carbon in response to environmental change

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 3661-3675 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. Stutter ◽  
D. G. Lumsdon ◽  
A. P. Rowland
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Doc Concentration ◽  
Mineral Soils

Abstract. Moorland carbon reserves in organo-mineral soils may be crucial to predicting landscape-scale variability in soil carbon losses, an important component of which is dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Surface water DOC trends are subject to a range of scaling, transport and biotic processes that disconnect them from signals in the catchment's soils. Long-term soil datasets are vital to identify changes in DOC release at source and soil C depletion. Here we show, that moorland soil solution DOC concentrations at three key UK Environmental Change Network sites increased between 1993–2007 in both surface- and sub- soil of a freely-draining Podzol (48 % and 215 % increases in O and Bs horizons, respectively), declined in a gleyed Podzol and showed no change in a Peat. Our principal findings were that: (1) considerable heterogeneity in DOC response appears to exist between different soils that is not apparent from the more consistent observed trends for streamwaters, and (2) freely-draining organo-mineral Podzol showed increasing DOC concentrations, countering the current scientific focus on soil C destabilization in peats. We discuss how the key solubility controls on DOC associated with coupled physico-chemical factors of ionic strength, acid deposition recovery, soil hydrology and temperature cannot readily be separated. Yet, despite evidence that all sites are recovering from acidification the soil-specific responses to environmental change have caused divergence in soil DOC concentration trends. The study shows that the properties of soils govern their specific response to an approximately common set of broad environmental drivers. Key soil properties are indicated to be drainage, sulphate and DOC sorption capacity. Soil properties need representation in process-models to understand and predict the role of soils in catchment to global C budgets. Catchment hydrological (i.e. transport) controls may, at present, be governing the more ubiquitous rises in river DOC concentration trends, but soil (i.e. source) controls provide the key to prediction of future C loss to waters and the atmosphere.

EFFECTS OF LIME ON EXTRACTABLE ALUMINUM AND OTHER SOIL PROPERTIES AND ON BARLEY AND ALFALFA GROWN IN POT TESTS

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. MacLEAN ◽  
R. L. HALSTEAD ◽  
B. J. FINN
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Neutral Salt ◽  
Incubation Experiment ◽  
Pot Experiments ◽  
P Content ◽  
Mn Content

Liming of six acid soil samples in an incubation experiment with rates to raise the soil pH to 6.0 or above eliminated Al soluble in 0.01 M CaCl2, reduced soluble Mn and Zn, increased NO3-N markedly, and at the highest pH increased the amounts of NaHCO3-soluble P in some of the soils. In corresponding pot experiments, liming increased the yield of alfalfa and in three of the soils the yield of barley also. Liming reduced the concentrations of the metals in the plants and at the highest pH tended to increase the P content of the plants. Liming to a pH of about 5.3 eliminated or greatly reduced soluble Al and the soils were base saturated as measured by the replacement of Al, Ca, and Mg by a neutral salt. There was some evidence that liming to reduce soluble Al and possibly Mn was beneficial for plant growth. Gypsum increased the concentrations of Al, Mn, and Zn in 0.01 M CaCl2 extracts of the soils whereas phosphate reduced them. The changes in the Mn content of the plants following these treatments were in agreement with the amounts of Mn in the CaCl2 extracts.

scholarly journals Improvement of Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) Soil Properties by Growing Different Green Crops

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashim Kumar Saha ◽  
Apu Biswas ◽  
Abdul Qayyum Khan ◽  
Md. Mohashin Farazi ◽  
Md. Habibur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Critical Value ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Organic Carbon Content

Long-term tea cultivation has led to degradation of the soil. Old tea soils require rehabilitation for restoring soil health. Soil rehabilitation by growing different green crops can break the chain of monoculture of tea. An experiment was conducted at The Bangladesh Tea Research Institute (BTRI) Farm during 2008-2011 to find out the efficiency of different green crops on the improvement of soil properties. Four green crops such as Guatemala, Citronella, Mimosa and Calopogonium were grown to develop the nutritional value of the degraded tea soil. Soil samples were collected and analyzed before and at the end of experiment. Soil pH was increased in all four green crops treated plots with the highest increase in Citronella treated plots (from 4.1 to 4.5). Highest content of organic carbon (1.19%) and total nitrogen (0.119%) were found in Mimosa and Calopogonium treated plots, respectively. Concentration of available phosphorus, calcium and magnesium in all green crops treated plots were above the critical values, while available potassium content was above the critical value in Guatemala, Citronella and Mimosa treated plots. Changes in soil pH and available potassium were significant, while changes in organic carbon content, total nitrogen and available calcium were insignificant. Changes in available phosphorus and magnesium were significant. The Agriculturists 2014; 12(2) 34-38

scholarly journals Sulphur status in Finnish cultivated soils

1973 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-215
Author(s):  
Johan Korkman
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Induction Furnace ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Total Sulphur ◽  
Sulphate Sulphur ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Sulphur Uptake ◽  
Cultivated Soils

A method for determining total sulphur in plant material and soil samples using the induction furnace technique and subsequent turbidimetric determination of sulphate sulphur was discussed. A procedure for extracting sulphur from soil samples with ammonium acetate (pH 4.65), the interference of the organic matter being reduced by oxidation of the extract with H2O2, was proposed. Sulphur balance in Finnish cultivated soils was estimated by taking into account the average amounts of emitted (8 kg S/ha/yr.), precipitated (8 kg S/ha/yr.) and leached (8 kg S/ha/yr.) sulphur. The actual situation in the cultivated soils seems thus to be depending, on an average, on the uptake by plants and the sulphur applied (12 kg S/ha/yr. in the early 1970s). In 104 samples of cultivated soil, the content of total sulphur showed a slight correlation with the content of organic carbon. The amounts of sulphur extracted in various ways were not predictable by means of the soil characteristics used (pHCaCl2, org. C and texture). Extracted sulphur did not correlate sufficiently with the development and sulphur uptake of plants. Under field conditions in northern Finland, sulphur application produced a relatively distinct result in respect both to the ley yields on Carex peat, and their sulphur content. On mineral soils in southern Finland the yields were unaffected by supplementary fertilization with sulphur. In the pot experiments performed a fairly close relationship between sulphur and nitrogen was demonstrated.

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