scholarly journals Meat and bone meal and biosolids as slow-release phosphorus fertilizers

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Bøen ◽  
Trond Knapp Haraldsen
Keyword(s):  
Slow Release ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Npk Fertilization

Biosolids and meat and bone meal (MBM) are commonly used as fertilizers in agriculture, often at application rates where total phosphorus (P) far exceeds the annual demand. In a pot experiment, three biosolids and two types of MBM were tested at two commonly used application rates. Their contributions to P uptake in ryegrass (second and third season) were compared with annual mineral P fertilization. The soil was analysed for extractable P (PAL and POlsen). Only soil amended with digested, limed biosolids provided a P uptake in ryegrass the third season comparable to annual NPK fertilization. Bone-rich MBM had considerable contributions to third season P uptake in soil with pH < 6. The product application rates did not influence P uptake significantly for any of the products. POlsen was found suitable to describe residual effects on soil P solubility, whereas the PAL-method was not applicable for MBM fertilized soils.

scholarly journals Rate and Timing of Meat and Bone Meal Applications Influence Growth, Yield, and Soil Water Nitrate Concentrations in Sweet Corn Production

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1945
Author(s):  
Tiare Silvasy ◽  
Amjad A. Ahmad ◽  
Koon-Hui Wang ◽  
Theodore J. K. Radovich
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Split Application ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
Application Rates

Using local resources and minimizing environmental impacts are two important components of sustainable agriculture. Meat and bone meal (MBM), tankage, is a locally produced organic fertilizer. This study was conducted to investigate the response of sweet corn (Zea mays L. var. saccharata Stuart.) and soil water nitrate (NO3-N) concentration to MBM application at two locations, Waimānalo and Poamoho, on the island of O’ahu. The objectives were to determine effects of six application rates (0, 112, 224, 336, 448 and 672 kg N ha−1) and two application timings (preplant and split application) on: (1) sweet corn growth, yield, and quality, and (2) soil water nitrate concentration within and below the root zone. The split-plot was designed as four replicates randomly arranged in a complete block. Plant growth of roots and shoots, yield, and relative leaf chlorophyll content of sweet corn increased with increasing application rates of MBM in both locations. At Poamoho, yield was 13.6% greater in preplant versus split application. Nitrate-nitrogen losses were reduced by 20% at Waimānalo and 40% at Poamoho when MBM was applied in split applications. These findings suggest that MBM is an effective nitrogen source for sweet corn and a split application of MBM may reduce the potential for pollution.

scholarly journals Dual Inoculation With Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Phosphorus Solubilizing Fungi Synergistically Enhances the Mobilization and Plant Uptake of Phosphorus From Meat and Bone Meal

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhupinder Singh Jatana ◽  
Christopher Kitchens ◽  
Christopher Ray ◽  
Patrick Gerard ◽  
Nishanth Tharayil
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Simultaneous Application ◽  
Plant P Uptake ◽  
P Mobilization

Phosphorus (P) is the second most important mineral nutrient for plant growth and plays a vital role in maintaining global food security. The natural phosphorus reserves [phosphate rock (PR)] are declining at an unprecedented rate, which will threaten the sustainable food supply in near future. Rendered animal byproducts such as meat and bone meal (MBM), could serve as a sustainable alternative to meet crop phosphorus demand. Even though nitrogen (N) from MBM is readily mineralized within a few days, &gt;75% of the P in MBM is present as calcium phosphate that is sparingly available to plants. Thus, application of MBM with the aim of meeting crop N demand could result in buildup of P reserves in soil, which necessitates the need to improve the P mobilization from MBM to achieve higher plant P use efficiency. Here, we tested the potential of two microbial inoculum-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and P solubilizing fungi (Penicillium bilaiae), in improving the mobilization of P from MBM and the subsequent P uptake by maize (Zea mays). Compared to the non-inoculated MBM control, the application of P. bilaiae increased the P mobilization from MBM by more than two-fold and decreased the content of calcium bound P in the soil by 26%. However, despite this mobilization, P. bilaiae did not increase the tissue content of P in maize. On the other hand, AMF inoculation with MBM increased the plant root, shoot biomass, and plant P uptake as compared to non-inoculated control, but did not decrease the calcium bound P fraction of the soil, indicating there was limited P mobilization. The simultaneous application of both AMF and P. bilaiae in association with MBM resulted in the highest tissue P uptake of maize with a concomitant decrease in the calcium bound P in the soil, indicating the complementary functional traits of AMF and P. bilaiae in plant P nutrition from MBM. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation with MBM also increased the plant photosynthesis rate (27%) and root phosphomonoesterase activity (40%), which signifies the AMF associated regulation of plant physiology. Collectively, our results demonstrate that P mobilization and uptake efficiency from MBM could be improved with the combined use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and P. bilaiae.

scholarly journals The effect of meat and bone meal on phosphorus concentrations in soil and crop plants  

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 575-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Nogalska ◽  
M. Zalewska
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Experimental Factor ◽  
Second Year

A four-year field experiment was conducted in north-eastern Poland. The aim of the study was to determine the direct and residual effects of increasing doses of meat and bone meal (MBM) on the available phosphorus content of soil and the total phosphorus content in crops above ground biomass or grain. Experimental factor I was MBM dose (1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 t/ha/year, and 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0 t/ha/every second year), and experimental factor II was the year of the study (four consecutive years). The application of increasing MBM doses to slightly acidic soil insignificantly decreased its pH, but it did not change soil classification. The use of MBM as a fertilizer increased the levels of available phosphorus, compared to the treatments with mineral fertilization. The grain of winter triticale and winter wheat and the green matter of maize contained higher concentrations of phosphorus after the MBM application, in comparison to the plants receiving mineral fertilization. Phosphorus uptake by winter wheat and maize plants (dry matter basis) was higher in treatments with MBM (in particular applied every second year) than in treatments with NPK fertilization. Irrespective of the frequency of MBM application, phosphorus uptake by winter rapeseed was considerably lower, compared to the control plants.

Soil phosphorus depletion capacity of arbuscular mycorrhizae formed by maize hybrids

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Liu ◽  
C. Hamel ◽  
S. H. Begna ◽  
B. L. Ma ◽  
D. L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
P Content ◽  
Total P ◽  
Extractable Soil

The ability of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi to help their host plant absorb soil P is well known, but little attention has been paid to the effect of AM fungi on soil P depletion capacity. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to assess, under different P levels, the effects of mycorrhizae on extractable soil P and P uptake by maize hybrids with contrasting phenotypes. The experiment had three factors, including two mycorrhizal treatments (mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal), three P fertilizer rates (0, 40, and 80 mg kg-1) and three maize hybrids [leafy normal stature (LNS), leafy reduced stature (LRS) and a conventional hybrid, Pioneer 3979 (P3979)]. Extractable soil P was determined after 3, 6 and 9 wk of maize growth. Plant biomass, P concentration and total P content were also determined after 9 wk of growth. Fertilization increased soil extractable P, plant biomass, P concentration in plants and total P uptake. In contrast to P3979, the LNS and LRS hybrids had higher biomass and total P content when mycorrhizal. Mycorrhizae had less influence on soil extractable P than on total P uptake by plants. The absence of P fertilization increased the importance of AM fungi for P uptake, which markedly reduced soil extractable P under AM plants during growth. This effect was strongest for LNS, the most mycorrhizae-dependent hybrid, intermediate for LRS, and not significant for the commercial hybrid P3979, which did not respond to AM inoculation. Key words: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, extraradical hyphae, maize hybrid,plant biomass, P uptake, soil extractable P

Response of field-grown cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) to phosphorus fertilisation on alkaline soils in eastern Australia

Soil Research ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 913 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. Dorahy ◽  
I. J. Rochester ◽  
G. J. Blair
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Lint Yield ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Critical Limit ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
P Application ◽  
Fertiliser Application

Abstract. Seventeen field experiments were conducted on alkaline soils in eastern Australia between 1997 and 2000 to evaluate irrigated cotton response to phosphorus (P) fertilisation. Only 3 experiments demonstrated significant (P < 0.05) increases in crop P uptake or lint yield with P application. Comparison of several soil P tests revealed that Colwell (bicarbonate) P provided the best correlation with P uptake at early flowering and lint yield. Soil P may limit cotton growth where Colwell-P concentrations are <6 mg/kg. Soil P concentrations at most of the sites were well above this critical limit, so P fertiliser application was not required. Average P uptake at physiological cut-out and P removal in seed cotton was 21 and 15 kg P/ha, respectively. Apparent P fertiliser recovery was variable (0–67%) and may have contributed to the lack of response that was observed in 14 out of the 17 experiments. It is recommended that at least 40 kg P/ha be applied to soils with Colwell-P concentrations <6 mg/kg to increase soil P reserves. Application rates of at least 20 kg P/ha are recommended where Colwell-P falls between 6 and 12 mg/kg to maintain soil P fertility.

scholarly journals Lettuce Response to Phosphorus Fertilization in High P soils

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 795E-796
Author(s):  
P.R. Johnstone ◽  
T.K. Hartz*
Keyword(s):  
P Uptake ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Plant P Uptake ◽  
Salinas Valley ◽  
P Application ◽  
Resin Membrane

Heavy P fertilization of vegetable crops in the Salinas Valley of California have increased soil P levels, with > 50 mg·kg-1 bicarbonate-extractable P (Pbc) now common. To evaluate the response of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) to P fertilization in fields with elevated soil P levels, 12 trials were conducted in commercial fields during 2002-2003. Pbc at the trial sites varied from 53-171 mg·kg-1. In each trial four replicate plots receiving the growers' P application were compared with paired plots in which no P was applied. Leaf P was monitored at cupping stage and at harvest. At harvest mean whole plant mass and % of marketable plants were recorded. The correlation of Pbc to bioavailable P (Pba) was evaluated using 30 representative Salinas Valley soils; Pbc varied among these soils from 15-177 mg·kg-1. Pba was estimated by P adsorption on an anion resin membrane during a 16 h incubation. The effect of temperature on P bioavailability in 6 of these soils was estimated by conducting the Pba incubation at 5, 15 and 25 °C. A significant increase in lettuce yield with P fertilization was achieved at only one trial site, a spring planting where Pbc was 54 mg kg-1 ; at all other sites, including 3 with Pbc < 60 mg kg-1, P application resulted in no agronomic benefit. P application resulted in only a marginal increase in plant P uptake. Pba was highly correlated with Pbc (r = 0.89). Pba increased approximately 40% across soils with each 10 °C increase in soil temperature.

scholarly journals Four soil phosphorus (P) tests evaluated by plant P uptake and P balancing in the Ultuna long-term field experiment

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 441-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarosch Klaus A ◽  
Santner Jakob ◽  
Parvage Mohammed Masud ◽  
Gerzabek Martin Hubert ◽  
Zehetner Franz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Plant P Uptake ◽  
Soil P Tests ◽  
Water Extractable ◽  
Term Field

Soil phosphorus (P) availability was assessed with four different soil P tests on seven soils of the Ultuna long-term field experiment (Sweden). These four soil P tests were (1) P-H<sub>2</sub>O (water extractable P); (2) P-H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>C10</sub> (water extractable P upon 10 consecutive extractions); (3) P-AL (ammonium lactate extractable P) and (4) P-C<sub>DGT</sub> (P desorbable using diffusive gradients in thin films). The suitability of these soil P tests to predict P availability was assessed by correlation with plant P uptake (mean of preceding 11 years) and soil P balancing (input vs. output on plot level for a period of 54 years). The ability to predict these parameters was in the order P-H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>C10</sub> &gt; P-C<sub>DGT</sub> &gt; P-H<sub>2</sub>O &gt; P-AL. Thus, methods considering the P-resupply from the soil solid phase to soil solution performed clearly better than equilibrium-based extractions. Our findings suggest that the P-AL test, commonly used for P-fertilizer recommendations in Sweden, could not predict plant P uptake and the soil P balance in a satisfying way in the analysed soils.

scholarly journals Response of `Tifdwarf' Bermudagrass to Seaweed-derived Biostimulants

1996 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.L. Elliott ◽  
M. Prevatte
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Monocalcium Phosphate ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Soil Mix

Three bone products (meat and bone meal, steamed bone meal, and bone chips) were compared to a water-soluble P source (monocalcium phosphate) for P availability and enhancement of tomato shoot growth. All bone products were finely ground to pass through a 40-mesh sieve. The products were added to a phosphorus-deficient greenhouse growing medium based on their P concentration with P at 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg·kg−1. Meat and bone meal produced the least shoot growth in 1992, but all products were similar in 1993. Growth peaked with P at 111 mg·kg−1 in 1992, but in 1993, P at 50 mg·kg−1 was sufficient. Shoot P uptake was in direct proportion to P availability in the soil mix, monocalcium phosphate having the highest shoot P content. Although bone products affected N, Ca, Zn, and Mn content in shoots, the magnitudes of differences were minor and inconsistent from 1992 to 1993. Major consideration for using a bone product are its relative cost of P, fineness of grind, and CaCO3 equivalent.

Comparison of the phosphorus status of soils managed organically and conventionally

1986 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 108-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura L. Lengnick ◽  
Larry D. King
Keyword(s):  
P Uptake ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Conventional Management ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Significant Regression ◽  
Management Effect ◽  
Extractable Soil

AbstractSoils from adjoining farms, one managed organically and the other managed conventionally, were used in a greenhouse study to compare soil P status and the efficiency of concentrated superphosphate (CSP) and North Carolina rock phosphate (RP). Soil and plant parameters were measured as indicators of levels of soil P forms and availability of soil P to soybeans (Glycine max L.). Management did not affect dry matter yield of soybean plants. Conventional management resulted in higher P concentration in the plant and higher P uptake when CSP was the P source. However, when RP was the source, management effect was not significant. RP was only 15% as effective as CSP in increasing yield. When no P was applied, organic management resulted in greater total soil P, organic P, and Ca phosphate (CaP); conventional management resulted in greater Al and Fe phosphate (AlFeP) and occluded AlFeP (OcP). Addition of CSP increased AlFeP and OcP. Addition of RP increased CaP. CSP was more effective than RP in increasing extractable soil P. Multiple regression analysis showed that extractable P was related to AlFeP when CSP was the P source and to CaP when RP was the source. Yield was related to extractable P when CSP was the P source but when RP was the source, no significant regression models were found for yield.

Changes in the forms and distribution of soil phosphorus due to long-term corn production

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Richards ◽  
Thomas E. Bates ◽  
S. C. Sheppard
Keyword(s):  
Sequential Extraction ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Olsen P ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
P Application

Long-term fertilizer-P application affects soil-P distribution and forms. These effects must be characterized to use fertilizer P most efficiently. In three southern Ontario soils of varying texture, we determined changes in soil organic P (Po) and inorganic P (Pi) caused by fertilizer P application (0–90 kg broadcast P ha−1 yr−1 during 10 yr of corn production. Soil P was characterized by (1) annual measurement of 0.5 M NaHCO3-extractable P (Olsen-P) and (2) sequential extraction from soil taken at the beginning of the experiment and after receiving 0 to 90 kg broadcast P ha−1 yr−1 for 10 yr. Fertilizer P increased Olsen-P concentrations in all soils. The increases were proportional to the cumulative amount of P applied. Based on all three soils, 16 kg P ha−1 was required to increase Olsen-P concentrations by 1 mg L−1 soil. After 10 yr of 90 kg broadcast P ha−1 yr−1, labile Pi fractions (resin P and NaHCO3 P) were increased, as was NaOH-extractable Pi in all soils. On the most P-deficient soil (Conestogo SiL), where corn grain yields were increased by fertilizer P, P fertilization also increased HCl-Pi, residual P (H2O2-H2SO4 extractable P) and labile Po (NaHCO3-Po and NaOH-Po). A P balance was calculated, which accounted for additions to, removals from, and changes in the total P status of the 0–20 cm layer. When no broadcast P was applied, there was an unaccounted-for input (possibly from the subsoil), of 20.9 kg P ha−1 yr−1 on the Conestogo SiL. When 90 kg broadcast P ha−1 yr−1 was applied to the Fox SL, the coarsest soil studied, there was a deficit of 30.9 kg P ha−1 yr−1 and elevated Olsen-P concentrations in the 25–36 cm depth, suggesting downward movement on fertilizer P. It appears that subsoil P was involved in the P cycle of these two soils. Key words: Continuous corn, P fertilization, sequential extraction, organic phosphorus, inorganic phosphorus, labile phosphorus, subsoil P, leaching

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