scholarly journals Higher Rate Secret Key Formation (HRKF) based on Physical Layer for Securing Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-160
Author(s):  
Inka Trisna Dewi ◽  
Amang Sudarsono ◽  
Prima Kristalina ◽  
Mike Yuliana
Keyword(s):  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Physical Layer ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Secret Key ◽  
Vehicle Communication ◽  
V2v Communication ◽  
Vehicle To Vehicle ◽  
Secret Keys ◽  
Shared Secret

One effort to secure vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication is to use a symmetrical cryptographic scheme that requires the distribution of shared secret keys. To reduce attacks on key distribution, physical layer-based key formation schemes that utilize the characteristics of wireless channels have been implemented. However, existing schemes still produce a low bit formation rate (BFR) even though they can reach a low bit error rate (BER). Note that V2V communication requires a scheme with high BFR in order to fulfill its main goal of improving road safety. In this research, we propose a higher rate secret key formation (HRKF) scheme using received signal strength (RSS) as a source of random information. The focus of this research is to produce keys with high BFR without compromising BER. To reduce bit mismatch, we propose a polynomial regression method that can increase channel reciprocity. We also propose a fixed threshold quantization (FTQ) method to maintain the number of bits so that the BFR increases. The test results show that the HRKF scheme can increase BFR from 40% up to 100% compared to existing research schemes. To ensure the key cannot be guessed by the attacker, the HRKF scheme succeeds in producing a key that meets the randomness of the NIST test.

scholarly journals Code-Hopping Based Transmission Scheme for Wireless Physical-Layer Security

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liuguo Yin ◽  
Wentao Hao
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Data Encryption ◽  
Physical Layer ◽  
Parity Check ◽  
Secret Key ◽  
Application Layer ◽  
Transmission Scheme ◽  
Check Matrix ◽  
Secret Keys ◽  
Source Message

Due to the broadcast and time-varying natures of wireless channels, traditional communication systems that provide data encryption at the application layer suffer many challenges such as error diffusion. In this paper, we propose a code-hopping based secrecy transmission scheme that uses dynamic nonsystematic low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes and automatic repeat-request (ARQ) mechanism to jointly encode and encrypt source messages at the physical layer. In this scheme, secret keys at the transmitter and the legitimate receiver are generated dynamically upon the source messages that have been transmitted successfully. During the transmission, each source message is jointly encoded and encrypted by a parity-check matrix, which is dynamically selected from a set of LDPC matrices based on the shared dynamic secret key. As for the eavesdropper (Eve), the uncorrectable decoding errors prevent her from generating the same secret key as the legitimate parties. Thus she cannot select the correct LDPC matrix to recover the source message. We demonstrate that our scheme can be compatible with traditional cryptosystems and enhance the security without sacrificing the error-correction performance. Numerical results show that the bit error rate (BER) of Eve approaches 0.5 as the number of transmitted source messages increases and the security gap of the system is small.

Analysis of achievable distances of BB84 and KMB09 QKD protocols

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (06) ◽  
pp. 2050033
Author(s):  
Muhammad Mubashir Khan ◽  
Asad Arfeen ◽  
Usama Ahsan ◽  
Saneeha Ahmed ◽  
Tahreem Mumtaz
Keyword(s):  
Single Photon ◽  
Short Pulse ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Secret Key ◽  
Single Photon Detector ◽  
Short Pulse Laser ◽  
Quantum Particles ◽  
Quantum Protocols ◽  
Secret Keys ◽  
Shared Secret

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a proven secured way to transmit shared secret keys using quantum particles. Any adversarial attempt to intercept and eavesdrop secret key results in generating errors alerting the legitimate users. Since QKD is constrained by quantum mechanics principles, the practical transmission of the key at a greater distance is an issue. In this paper, we discover and analyze the key factors associated with transmission media, hardware components and protocol implementation of the QKD system that causes hindrance in distance range. Practical implementation of BB84 and KMB09 protocols is discussed to determine the achievable distance given current technology. We find that by using ultra low loss fiber, short-pulse laser and superconducting nanowire single photon detector the maximum achievable distance for both of the quantum protocols is 250[Formula: see text]km.

Designing Network Motifs in Connected Vehicle Systems: Delay Effects and Stability

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linjun Zhang ◽  
Gábor Orosz
Keyword(s):  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Connected Vehicle ◽  
Cruise Control ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Vehicle Communication ◽  
V2v Communication ◽  
Vehicle To Vehicle ◽  
Distance Communication ◽  
Vehicle Platoons

Arising technologies in vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication allow vehicles to obtain information about the motion of distant vehicles. Such information can be presented to the driver or incorporated in advanced autonomous cruise control (ACC) systems. In this paper, we investigate the effects of multi-vehicle communication on the dynamics of connected vehicle platoons and propose a motif-based approach that allows systematical analysis and design of such systems. We investigate the dynamics of simple motifs in the presence of communication delays, and show that long-distance communication can stabilize the uniform flow when the flow cannot be stabilized by nearest neighbor interactions. The results can be used for designing driver assist systems and communication-based cruise control systems.

scholarly journals Using Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication to Improve Traffic Safety in Sand-dust Environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1165
Author(s):  
Jinhua Tan ◽  
Xuqian Qin ◽  
Li Gong
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Vehicle Communication ◽  
V2v Communication ◽  
Vehicle To Vehicle ◽  
Car Following Model ◽  
Environment Control ◽  
Traffic Systems ◽  
Sand Dust

Sand-dust environment affects drivers’ perceptions of surrounding traffic conditions, resulting in unsafe operations. From an ergonomics perspective, such adverse effects could be alleviated by environment control as well as the assistance of machines. Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication appears to be an important component of machines in future traffic systems, which could support the driving task. In order to explore what influences V2V communication would generate on traffic systems, this paper proposes a car-following model accounting for V2V communication in a sand-dust environment. The results indicate that V2V communication helps to reduce the fluctuations of acceleration, headway, and velocity, when a small perturbation is added to the traffic flow in sand-dust environment. If a vehicle in the traffic flow stops suddenly, the number of crumped vehicles decreases with V2V communication taken into account. Furthermore, the residual velocities of the crumped vehicles decrease, which means the severity of collision is suppressed. It is concluded that V2V communication can play an active role in the improvement of traffic safety in a sand-dust environment.

A Quantum Technology-Based LiFi Security Using Quantum Key Distribution

2021 ◽  
pp. 104-116
Author(s):  
Vinoth Kumar ◽  
V. R. Niveditha ◽  
V. Muthukumaran ◽  
S.Satheesh Kumar ◽  
Samyukta D. Kumta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secret Key ◽  
Computing Power ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Cryptographic Algorithm ◽  
Encrypt Data ◽  
Secret Keys ◽  
Shared Secret ◽  
Particle Nature ◽  
Quantum Technology ◽  
Shared Secret Key

Light fidelity (Li-Fi) is a technology that is used to design a wireless network for communication using light. Current technology based on wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) has some drawbacks that include speed and bandwidth limit, security issues, and attacks by malicious users, which yield Wi-Fi as less reliable compared to LiFi. The conventional key generation techniques are vulnerable to the current technological improvement in terms of computing power, so the solution is to introduce physics laws based on quantum technology and particle nature of light. Here the authors give a methodology to make the BB84 algorithm, a quantum cryptographic algorithm to generate the secret keys which will be shared by polarizing photons and more secure by eliminating one of its limitations that deals with dependency on the classical channel. The result obtained is sequence of 0 and 1, which is the secret key. The authors make use of the generated shared secret key to encrypt data using a one-time pad technique and transmit the encrypted data using LiFi and removing the disadvantage of the existing one-time pad technique.

scholarly journals ABSOLUTELY SECURE MESSAGE TRANSMISSION USING A KEY SHARING GRAPH

2012 ◽  
Vol 04 (04) ◽  
pp. 1250053 ◽  
Author(s):  
YOSHIHIRO INDO ◽  
TAKAAKI MIZUKI ◽  
TAKAO NISHIZEKI
Keyword(s):  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Computational Power ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Condition ◽  
Secret Key ◽  
Secure Multicast ◽  
Multicast Protocol ◽  
Secret Keys ◽  
Shared Secret ◽  
Secure Message Transmission ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

Assume that there are players and an eavesdropper Eve of unlimited computational power and that several pairs of players have shared secret keys beforehand. In a key sharing graph, each vertex corresponds to a player, and each edge corresponds to a secret key shared by the two players corresponding to the ends of the edge. Given a key sharing graph, a player wishes to send a message to another player so that the eavesdropper Eve and any other player can get no information on the message. In this paper, we first give a necessary and sufficient condition on a key sharing graph for the existence of such a unicast protocol. We then extend the condition to the case where a multiple number of players other than the sender and receiver passively collude. We finally give a sufficient condition for the existence of a secure multicast protocol.

scholarly journals Physical Layer Key Generation in 5G and Beyond Wireless Communications: Challenges and Opportunities

Entropy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guyue Li ◽  
Chen Sun ◽  
Junqing Zhang ◽  
Eduard Jorswieck ◽  
Bin Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communications ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽  
Key Distribution ◽  
Physical Layer ◽  
Sensitive Information ◽  
Key Generation ◽  
Secret Key ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Secret Keys

The fifth generation (5G) and beyond wireless communications will transform many exciting applications and trigger massive data connections with private, confidential, and sensitive information. The security of wireless communications is conventionally established by cryptographic schemes and protocols in which the secret key distribution is one of the essential primitives. However, traditional cryptography-based key distribution protocols might be challenged in the 5G and beyond communications because of special features such as device-to-device and heterogeneous communications, and ultra-low latency requirements. Channel reciprocity-based key generation (CRKG) is an emerging physical layer-based technique to establish secret keys between devices. This article reviews CRKG when the 5G and beyond networks employ three candidate technologies: duplex modes, massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and mmWave communications. We identify the opportunities and challenges for CRKG and provide corresponding solutions. To further demonstrate the feasibility of CRKG in practical communication systems, we overview existing prototypes with different IoT protocols and examine their performance in real-world environments. This article shows the feasibility and promising performances of CRKG with the potential to be commercialized.

AN APPLICATION OF ST-NUMBERING TO SECRET KEY AGREEMENT

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (05) ◽  
pp. 1211-1227 ◽  
Author(s):  
TAKAAKI MIZUKI ◽  
SATORU NAKAYAMA ◽  
HIDEAKI SONE
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Key Agreement ◽  
Key Exchange ◽  
Secret Key ◽  
Exchange Graph ◽  
Secret Keys ◽  
Shared Secret ◽  
Secret Key Agreement

Assume that there are players and an eavesdropper Eve, where several pairs of players have shared secret keys beforehand. We regard each player as a vertex of a graph and regard each pair of players sharing a key as an edge. Consider the case where Eve knows some of the keys according to a certain probability distribution. In this paper, applying the technique of st-numbering, we propose a protocol which allows any two designated players to agree on a secret key through such a "partially leaked key exchange graph." Our protocol is optimal in the sense that Eve's knowledge about the secret key agreed on by the two players is as small as possible.

scholarly journals Public key cryptosystem based on multiple chaotic maps for image encryption

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1457
Author(s):  
Yousif S. Najaf ◽  
Maher K. Mahmood Al-Azawi
Keyword(s):  
Chaotic Maps ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Public Key ◽  
Secret Key ◽  
Chebyshev Map ◽  
Key Space ◽  
Public Keys ◽  
Secret Keys ◽  
Shared Secret ◽  
Multiple Chaotic Maps

Image is one of the most important forms of information. In this paper, two public key encryption systems are proposed to protect images from various attacks. Both systems depend on generating a chaotic matrix (<em>I</em>) using multiple chaotic maps. The parameters for these maps are taken from the shared secret keys generated from Chebyshev map using public keys for Alice and secret key for Bob or vice versa. The second system has the feature of deceiving the third party for searching for fake keys. Analysis and tests showed that the two proposed systems resist various attacks and have very large key space. The results are compared with other chaos based systems to show the superiority of these two proposed systems.

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