scholarly journals EFFECTIVENESS OF RUQYAH SYAR’IYYAH ON PHYSICAL DISEASE TREATMENT IN RIAU PROVINCE

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adynata Adynata ◽  
Idris Idris
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Medical Illness ◽  
Disease Treatment ◽  
Physical Disease ◽  
Manual Method ◽  
Medical Disease

Ruqyah Syar’iyyah is one of Sunnah Prophet Muhammad in treating diseases and disorders syaithan, that is by reciting Al-Qur’an verses and praying. Most Muslims understand that ruqyah Syar’iyyah is only effectively treat non-medical disease or illness caused by psychiatric disorders and jin, whereas medical illness to be treated by medical means, Though al-Qur’an Surat al-Isra’ verses 82 mentions that al-Qur’an is as a bidder (a cure) and a mercy for believers without distinction of medications for non-medical or medical illness. Based on the research of writer in 2015, there are two methods ruqyah Syar’iyyah in Riau Province, which is manual method and practical Qur’anic Healing method. In fact, there are many chronic medical illnesses cannot be treated by doctors, but these diseases can be treated and cured by ruqyah without being accompanied by medication. Thus, ruqyah Syar’iyyah is not only effectively treat mental illness, but also effectively treat medical ailments

Sati

Crisis ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Bhugra
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Role Expectations ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Social Causation ◽  
Gender Role Expectations ◽  
Good Wife ◽  
And Gender

Abstract. Sati as an act of ritual suicide has been reported from the Indian subcontinent, especially among the Hindus, for several centuries. Although legally proscribed, these acts occur even now in modern India. The principle behind such acts has been put forward as the principle of good wife. There is little evidence to suggest that women who commit this act suffer from a formal mental illness. Cultural factors and gender role expectations play a significant role in the act and its consequences. Using recent examples, this paper illustrates the cultural factors, which may be seen as contributing to the act of suicide. Other factors embedded in the act also emphasize that not all suicides have underlying psychiatric disorders and clinicians must take social causation into account while preparing any prevention strategies.

Anticholinergic Burden among Hospitalised Older Adults with Psychiatric Illnesses- A retrospective study

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiva Shanker Reddy Mukku ◽  
Preeti Sinha ◽  
Palanimuthu Thangaraju Sivakumar ◽  
Mathew Varghese
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Psychotropic Drugs ◽  
Inpatient Care ◽  
Medical Illness ◽  
Anticholinergic Effects ◽  
Psychiatric Illnesses ◽  
Anticholinergic Burden ◽  
Number Of Males

Background: Drugs with anticholinergic properties are known to be associated with deleterious effects on cognition in older adults. There is a paucity of literature in this aspect in older adults with psychiatric disorders. Objective: To examine the anticholinergic cognitive burden and its predictors in hospitalised older adults having psychiatric disorders. Methods: Case records of older adults who sought inpatient care under the Geriatric Psychiatry Unit from January, 2019 to June, 2019 were reviewed. The anticholinergic burden was assessed with Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden (ACB) scale updated version, 2012. Results: Sample included 129 older adults with an almost equal number of males (53.48%) and females (46.52%) having a mean age of 67.84 (SD = 6.96) years. The diagnostic spectrum included depression (34.89%), dementia (31.01%), mania (10.85%), psychosis (13.95%), delirium (6.20%) and others (3.1%). 60.47% of the patients had more than one medical illness. 48.84% of the older adults had clinically relevant anticholinergic cognitive burden ( ACB score ≥ 3). Use of 3 or more psychotropic drugs (OR = 4.88), diagnosis of psychosis/ mania (OR = 7.62) and dementia/ delirium (neurocognitive disorders group) (OR = 5.17) increased the risk of ACB score ≥ 3. Conclusion: Nearly half of the older adults in psychiatry in-patient setting had clinically relevant anticholinergic burden, which was associated with higher use of psychotropics. Our study highlights the importance of monitoring for anticholinergic effects of psychotropics in older adults.

Chronic Mental Illness in Prisons

2019 ◽  
pp. 568-589
Author(s):  
Meghamala S. Tavaragi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
General Public ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Medical Intervention ◽  
Remedial Measures ◽  
Mentally Disordered ◽  
Mentally Disordered Offender ◽  
Hospital Systems

It has been known that psychiatric disorders are highly prevalent among prisoners. Many people with identifiable psychiatric illness do conflict with the law, often by no fault of their own but because of symptoms of their psychiatric illness and end up in jails. Poor communication between the prison, court, and hospital systems hinders the assessment and management of the mentally disordered offender, and medical intervention can actually delay release from custody. In conclusion Prisons are detrimental to mental-health, and the standards of psychiatric care are significantly lower than those for the general public. Certain remedial measures are to be implemented for a better future of prison and community because ultimately these prisoners will be released from prison and become a part of community. Beginning of reforms is the immediate need as a long journey ahead.

Mental Illness and Substance Use Disorders Among Homeless Veterans

2018 ◽  
pp. 35-60
Author(s):  
Sonya Gabrielian ◽  
Ashton M. Gores ◽  
Lillian Gelberg ◽  
Jack Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Supported Housing ◽  
United States Armed Forces ◽  
Homeless Veterans ◽  
Veteran Status ◽  
Epidemiology Data ◽  
Housing Outcomes

Mental illness and substance use disorders (SUDs) are strong risk factors for homelessness, regardless of Veteran status. This chapter describes the interplay between mental illness, SUDs, the co-occurrence of these disorders (CoD), and homelessness among Veterans; the authors consider military-specific experiences (e.g., combat) and factors associated with homelessness for both Veteran and non-Veteran adults (e.g., childhood adversity). They present epidemiology data on mental illness and SUDs among homeless Veterans, considering specific diagnoses (e.g., post-traumatic stress disorder) and experiences (e.g., military sexual trauma) that are highly prevalent within or unique to persons who served in the United States Armed Forces. In addition, the authors present qualitative and quantitative data on pathways to homelessness for Veterans with mental illness, SUDs, and/or CoD, considering distinct pathways seen in special populations (e.g., women Veterans, who have high rates of trauma, and the newest cohort of Veterans who served in Iraq or Afghanistan). Last, the authors discuss supported housing outcomes for homeless Veterans with psychiatric disorders and SUDs. They discuss the utility of these programs for homeless Veterans with mental health problems and explore the influence of psychiatric disorders and SUDs among Veterans with poor supported housing outcomes.

Chronic Mental Illness in Prisons

2017 ◽  
pp. 203-224
Author(s):  
Meghamala S Tavaragi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
General Public ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Medical Intervention ◽  
Remedial Measures ◽  
Mentally Disordered ◽  
Mentally Disordered Offender ◽  
Hospital Systems

It has been known that psychiatric disorders are highly prevalent among prisoners. Many people with identifiable psychiatric illness do conflict with the law, often by no fault of their own but because of symptoms of their psychiatric illness and end up in jails. Poor communication between the prison, court, and hospital systems hinders the assessment and management of the mentally disordered offender, and medical intervention can actually delay release from custody. In conclusion Prisons are detrimental to mental-health, and the standards of psychiatric care are significantly lower than those for the general public. Certain remedial measures are to be implemented for a better future of prison and community because ultimately these prisoners will be released from prison and become a part of community. Beginning of reforms is the immediate need as a long journey ahead.

Endophenotypes

2018 ◽  
pp. 103-106
Author(s):  
David C. Glahn ◽  
Laura Almasy ◽  
John Blangero
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Genetic Locus ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Gene Discovery ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnoses ◽  
Behavioral Syndrome ◽  
Molecular Genetic Variation ◽  
Or Gene

Endophenotypes are traits that, while genetically related to an illness, are not used for diagnoses (e.g., a symptom). It is unlikely that specific genes directly code for any of our current psychiatric diagnoses. Rather, genes influence neurobiological processes that either increase or decrease risk for mental illness. One use of an endophenotype is to help characterize a genetic locus or gene previously identified as conferring risk for a particular illness. In this context, endophenotypes help to bridge the gap between a behavioral syndrome and molecular genetic variation. Alternately, endophenotypes can be used for novel locus or gene discovery, particularly when used in multivariate analyses. In this chapter, we define endophenotypes and describe different ways they have been applied to aid our understanding of the genetic architecture of psychiatric disorders.

Biopsychosocial pathways to mental health and disease across the lifespan: The emerging role of epigenetics

2020 ◽  
pp. 190-206
Author(s):  
Charlotte A.M. Cecil
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Regulate Gene ◽  
Epigenetic Processes

The biopsychosocial (BPS) model of psychiatry has had a major impact on our modern conceptualization of mental illness as a complex, multi-determined phenomenon. Yet, interdisciplinary BPS work remains the exception, rather than the rule in psychiatry. It has been suggested that this may stem in part from a failure of the BPS model to clearly delineate the mechanisms through which biological, psychological, and social factors co-act in the development of mental illness. This chapter discusses how epigenetic processes that regulate gene expression, such as DNA methylation, are fast emerging as a candidate mechanism for BPS interactions, with potentially widespread implications for the way that psychiatric disorders are understood, assessed, and, perhaps in future, even treated.

Mental disorders are not a homogeneous construct

2006 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 418-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Polimeni
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Genetic Component ◽  
Problematic Behaviors

The only commonality between the various psychiatric disorders is that they reflect contemporary problematic behaviors. Some psychiatric disorders have a substantial genetic component, whereas others are essentially shaped by prevailing environmental factors. Because psychiatric ailments are so heterogeneous, any universal explanation of mental illness is not likely to have any clinical or theoretical utility.

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