Chemical Analysis and Growth Inhibitory Effect Of Rosemary Plant on Aspergillus niger

The use of natural fungicides instead of synthetic ones covers is a present trend in mycological disease control. The quality and food safeties could be preserved by the addition of natural antifungal agents as essential oils. The aim of the present study was to assess the antifungal activity of certain essential oil against the genus of Aspergillus The oil of the aerial parts of Rosemary plant that collected from Sulaimani city was analyzed by using gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The antifungal activity of Rosemary plant extract against Aspergillus niger was assessed by using agar dilution method. The results showed identification of 17 compounds, with 80.62% of Benzene, 1-methoxy-4- (1-propenyl), 6.85% 1,3,6-Octatriene, 3,7-dimethyl-, (E), 5.16% 1,3,6-Octatriene, 3,7- dimethyl and 2.83% D-Limonene constitute the highest percentage of essential oil. The result of investigation the antifungal effect of Rosemary plant extraction dilutions showed that the essential oil has significant inhibitory effect on growth of Aspergillus niger in 10 %, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 22%, 24%, 26%, and 28% dilutions with the average inhibitory growth percentage 25.91%, 25.60%, 28.96%, 28.96%, 30.18%, 32.31%, 28.04%, 28.65%, 31.40% and 31.70% respectively. Large percentage antifungal activities of Rosemary oil are related with Benzene, 1-methoxy-4-(1-propenyl) as the main compound. In conclusion, the essential oils exhibited a potential inhibition activity against toxic fungi and many invitro and invivo studies are requested to find more about the antifungal activity of these extracted oils.

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Chemical Composition and Antifungal Activity of the Essential Oil of Cotinus coggygria from Marche Region (Italy)

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1801300919 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 1934578X1801300 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Daniele Fraternale ◽

Donata Ricci

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Agar Dilution Method ◽

Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Cotinus Coggygria ◽

In Vitro Antifungal Activity

The present study reports the results of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analyses of the essential oil from flowering aerial parts of Cotinus coggygria Scoop. (Anacardiaceae), as well as its in vitro antifungal activity against nine plant pathogenic fungi. Moreover, the essential oil was evaluated for its antifungal activity using the agar dilution method, and also MICs (minimum inhibitory concentrations) and MFCs (minimum fungicidal concentrations) were determined. The major compounds identified by GC-MS were limonene (49.2%), (Z)-β-ocimene (13.6%), α-pinene (8.8%) and (E)-β-ocimene (5.9%). The oil showed in vitro antifungal activity against some species of the Fusarium genus, Botrytis cinerea, and Alternaria solani. Our study indicates that the oil of C. coggygria could be used as a control agent for plant pathogenic fungi in natural formulations.

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COMPARATIVE STUDY OF METABOLITES AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF ESSENTIAL OILS EXTRACTED FROM THREE AMOMUM SUBULATUM CULTIVARS

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2019.v12i6.33215 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 219-223

Author(s):

AFTAB ALAM ◽

RITA SINGH MAJUMDAR ◽

PRAVEJ ALAM

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Minimal Bactericidal Concentration ◽

Agar Dilution Method ◽

Escherichia Coli Bacteria ◽

Amomum Subulatum

Objective: In Sikkim (India), Seremna is a highly growing cultivar of Amomum subulatum at lower altitudes. Other popular cultivated varieties are Varlangy and Sawney in the same state but at different altitude. In this study, we evaluate the variation in essential oils, metabolites and antimicrobial activities among A. subulatum selected cultivars. Methods: The composition of essential oil of Varlangy, Seremna, and Sawney was analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and comparative antimicrobial activity of oils was explored using agar well diffusion and agar dilution method. Results: The Seremna cultivar oil was shown the high content of major constituents (1,8-cineole) in comparison to others. Comparative minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) or minimal fungicidal concentration against two Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis), two Gram-negative (Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli) bacteria, and two (Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger) fungi were determined. The oil of Seremna showed distinct antibacterial and antifungal activity against all the microorganisms except B. subtilis which showed resistance. Conclusion: The present findings concluded that the high content of the principal compound accelerates the antimicrobial activity of essential oils. The essential oil of Seremna could be a good antimicrobial agent and recommended in the case of infections.

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Antifungal Activities of Cymbopogon citratus Essential Oil against Aspergillus Species Isolated from Fermented Fish Products of Southern Benin

Journal of Food Quality and Hazards Control ◽

10.18502/jfqhc.6.2.955 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

R.G. Dègnon ◽

A.C. Allagbé ◽

E.S. Adjou ◽

E. Dahouenon-Ahoussi

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Aspergillus Species ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Agar Dilution Method ◽

Cymbopogon Citratus ◽

Fermented Fish ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Fish Samples

Background: In Benin Republic, the conservation of fermented fishes for a long time is difficult due to the contamination of fungi, which lead to its rapid degradation. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of Cymbopogon citratus Essential Oil (EO) against Aspergillus species isolated from fermented fish samples. Methods: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to determinate the chemical composition of the C. citratus EO. The agar dilution method was used to evaluate the antifungal activity of the C. citratus EO against Aspergillus species. Data were analyzed using SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA, version 10.0. Results: The major components of C. citratus EO were geranial (41.3%), neral (33.0%), myrcene (10.4%), and geraniol (6.6%). The dominant Aspergillus fungi isolated from the fermented fish samples were A. ochraceus, A. oryzae, A. fumigatus, and A. parasiticus. C. citratus EO exhibited considerable antifungal activity against the growth of fungi isolated from fermented fish samples. There was no significant difference between minimal inhibitory concentrations and minimal fungicidal concentrations of A. ochraceus and A. parasiticus (p>0.05). Conclusion: The findings of this research clearly indicate that the C. citratus EO may be a practical application in controlling the growth of Aspergillus species in fermented fish.

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In Vitro Antifungal Activity of Polysulfides-Rich Essential Oil of Ferula Latisecta Fruits against Human Pathogenic Dermatophytes

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x0800300929 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 3 (9) ◽

pp. 1934578X0800300 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mehrdad Iranshahi ◽

Abdolmajid Fata ◽

Bahareh Emami ◽

Bibi Mohadeseh Jalalzadeh Shahri ◽

Bibi Sedigheh Fazly Bazzaz

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Agar Dilution Method ◽

Agar Dilution ◽

Sulfur Containing ◽

Type Strains ◽

In Vitro Antifungal Activity

The increase in dermatophytoses and the fact that some patients do not respond well to therapy make it necessary to find new antifungal agents. As part of our ongoing studies on medicinal plants from Iran, we studied antidermatophytic activities of Ferula latisecta essential oil, which had shown considerable antifungal activity in preliminary antimicrobial screening. Antifungal activity was evaluated by determination of MIC values using the agar dilution method on type strains of Candida albicans and dermatophytes. The composition of the oil was characterized by GC and GC/MS analyses. The essential oil was rich in polysulfides (75.2%) and exhibited good activity against Trichophyton rubrum and T. verrucosom for about three weeks, with a MIC value 96 μg/mL. The oil showed antifungal activity, especially against dermatophytes, and the activity is probably related to the sulfur-containing components of the oil. This study has identified that the polysulfides-rich essential oil of Ferula latisecta fruits has activity against a range of human pathogenic dermatophytes, justifying future clinical trials to validate its use as a therapeutic alternative for dermatophytosis.

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Effect of the Chemical Composition of Free-Terpene Hydrocarbons Essential Oils on Antifungal Activity

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24193532 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (19) ◽

pp. 3532

Author(s):

Ben Salha ◽

Herrera Díaz ◽

Lengliz ◽

Abderrabba ◽

Labidi

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Pharmaceutical Products ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Reduced Pressure ◽

Oxygenated Compounds ◽

Food Spoilage Fungi

In this study, Carum carvi L. essential oil (CEO) and Origanum majorana L. essential oil (MEO) was steam-distillated under reduced pressure. We henceforth obtained three fractions for each essential oil: CF1, CF2, CF3, MF1, MF2, and MF3. Then, these fractions were characterized using the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. The results indicated that some fractions were rich in oxygenated compounds (i.e., CF2, CF3, MF2, and MF3) with concentrations ranging from 79.21% to 98.56%. Therefore, the influence of the chemical composition of the essential oils on their antifungal activity was studied. For this purpose, three food spoilage fungi were isolated, identified, and inoculated in vitro, in order to measure the antifungal activity of CEO, MEO, and their fractions. The results showed that stronger fungi growth inhibitions (FGI) (above 95%) were found in fractions with higher percentages of oxygenated compounds, especially with (−)-carvone and terpin-4-ol as the major components. Firstly, this work reveals that the free-terpenes hydrocarbons fractions obtained from MEO present higher antifungal activity than the raw essential oil against two families of fungi. Then, it suggests that the isolation of (−)-carvone (97.15 ± 5.97%) from CEO via vacuum distillation can be employed successfully to improve antifungal activity by killing fungi (FGI = 100%). This study highlights that separation under reduced pressure is a simple green method to obtain fractions or to isolate compounds with higher biological activity useful for pharmaceutical products or natural additives in formulations.

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Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activities of Artemisia argyi Lévl. et Vant Essential Oils Extracted by Simultaneous Distillation-Extraction, Subcritical Extraction and Hydrodistillation

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24030483 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 483 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Xiao Guan ◽

Depeng Ge ◽

Sen Li ◽

Kai Huang ◽

Jing Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Salmonella Enteritidis ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

High Yield ◽

Agar Disc ◽

Artemisia Argyi ◽

Simultaneous Distillation Extraction

Artemisia argyi Lévl. et Vant essential oil could be used as a good antimicrobial flavouring agent and applied in the food industry. In this study, three methods, including simultaneous distillation-extraction (SDE), subcritical extraction and hydrodistillation, were applied to extract A. argyi essential oil. Compared with subcritical extraction (1%) and hydrodistillation (0.5%), SDE gave a higher yield (1.2%). Components of the essential oils were analysed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the most abundant ingredients were caryophyllene oxide, neointermedeol, borneol, α-thujone and β-caryophyllene. These five components accounted for 82.93%, 40.90% and 40.33% for SDE, subcritical extraction, and hydrodistillation, respectively. Based on agar disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays, SDE oil showed a significant inhibitory effect towards Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella enteritidis and Aspergillus niger. Furthermore, electron microscope observations (SEM) confirmed that SDE oil could obviously deform cell morphology and destroy the structure of cell walls. Performances showed that SDE was a promising process for extracting A. argyi essential oil with both high yield and antimicrobial activity.

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Antifungal activity of essential oils on Aspergillus parasiticus isolated from peanuts

Journal of Plant Protection Research ◽

10.1515/jppr-2016-0021 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 56 (2) ◽

pp. 139-142 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Mina M. Yooussef ◽

Quyen Pham ◽

Premila N. Achar ◽

Marikunte Yanjarappa Sreenivasa

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Aspergillus Parasiticus ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Agar Dilution Method ◽

Practical Application ◽

Cinnamon Oil ◽

Antifungal Effect ◽

Agar Dilution

AbstractAspergillus parasiticus is one of the most common fungi which contaminates peanuts by destroying peanut shells before they are harvested and the fungus produces aflatoxins. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activities of seventeen essential oils on the growth of the aflatoxigenic form of A. parasiticus in contaminated peanuts from commercial outlets in Georgia. The agar dilution method was used to test the antifungal activity of essential oils against this form of A. parasiticus at various concentrations: 500; 1,000; 1,500; 2,000; 2,500 ppm. Among the seventeen essential oils tested, the antifungal effect of cinnamon, lemongrass, clove and thyme resulted in complete inhibition of mycelial growth. Cinnamon oil inhibited mycelial growth at ≥ 1,000 ppm, lemongrass and clove oils at ≥ 1,500 ppm and thyme at 2,500 ppm. However, cedar wood, citronella, cumin and peppermint oils showed partial inhibition of mycelial growth. Eucalyptus oil, on the other hand, had less antifungal properties against growth of A. parasiticus, irrespective of its concentration. Our results indicate that the aflatoxigenic form of A. parasiticus is sensitive to selected essential oils, especially cinnamon. These findings clearly indicate that essential oils may find a practical application in controlling the growth of A. parasiticus in stored peanuts.

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Antifungal activity of Ocotea odorifera (Vell.) Rowher, Ocotea puberula (Rich.) Nees and Cinnamodendron dinisii Schwanke essential oils

10.1101/859272 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

P. Mezzomo ◽

T.L. Sausen ◽

N. Paroul ◽

S.S. Roman ◽

A.A.P. Mielniczki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Chemical Compounds ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽

Biological Interest ◽

Penicillium Crustosum

AbstractBiocompounds are promising tools with the potential to control pathogenic microorganisms. The medicinal plant species Ocotea odorifera, Ocotea puberula and Cinnamodendron dinisii, distributed along Brazilian biomes, are sources of chemical compounds of biological interest. This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of the essential oils of O. odorifera, O. puberula and C. dinisii essential oils upon the mycotoxin producers Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium crustosum. The essential oils where characterized by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometer (CG-MS). The majority compounds identified were: safrol (39.23%) and camphor (31.54%) in O. odorifera, Beta-caryophyllene (25.01%) and spathulenol (17.74%) in O. puberula, and bicyclogermacrene (23.19%) and spathulenol (20.21%) in C. dinisii. The Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of antifungal activity considered diameters higher than 10 mm after 72 h of incubation at 30 ºC. A. alternata presented higher resistance to O. odorifera and C. dinisii oils. The inhibitory effect of O. odorifera on A. flavus showed stabilization at oils concentrations between 50% and 80%, increasing at 90% and 100% (pure oil) treatments. We observed that the essential oils of O. odorifera and C. dinisii have potential in the control of the analyzed fungi species. The essential oil of O. odorifera presented a better activity in all the assays, which can be related to the presence of safrole and phenylpropenes, compounds with known antifungal activity.

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Composition, Mosquito Larvicidal, Biting Deterrent and Antifungal Activity of Essential Oils of Different Plant Parts of Cupressus arizonica var. glabra (‘Carolina Sapphire’)

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1300800232 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 1934578X1300800 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Abbas Ali ◽

Nurhayat Tabanca ◽

Betul Demirci ◽

K. Husnu Can Baser ◽

Jane Ellis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Plant Pathogens ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Moderate Activity ◽

Female Cone ◽

Fungal Plant Pathogens ◽

Cupressus Arizonica

Essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation of female cones (FC), male cones (MC), needle-twigs (NT) and wood-bark (WB) of ‘Carolina Sapphire’ [Cupressus arizonica var glabra (Sudw.) Little] were analyzed simultaneously by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The main constituents of the investigated essential oils were as follows: FC: α-pinene 68.5% and myrcene 11.9%; MC: α-pinene 22.5%, epi- zonarene 9.9%, zonarene 6.9%, limonene 6.8% and cadina-3,5-diene 6.1%; NT: α-pinene 20.7%, epi-zonarene 10.4%, zonarene 7.6%, limonene 5.9% umbellulone 5.8% and cadina-3,5-diene 5.8%; WB: α-pinene 40.7%, limonene 3.2% and umbellulone 2.9%. Essential oils were evaluated for antifungal activity against the strawberry anthracnose causing fungal plant pathogens Colletotrichum acutatum, C. fragariae and C. gloeosporioides. Only WB essential oil showed moderate activity when compared with the commercial antifungal standards. Carolina Sapphire essential oils exhibited biting deterrent activity at 10 pg/cm2 with Biting Deterrence Index (BDI) values of 0.64, 0.59, 0.65 and 0.72, for FC, MC, NT and WB, respectively, and were significantly lower (P≤0.05) than the synthetic insect repellent, DEET (N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide), at 25 nmol/cm2 against Aedes aegypti. The biting deterrence of NT and WB oils at 100 μg/cm2 with BDI values of 1.04 and 1.01, respectively, were similar, whereas the activity of MC (BDI=0.88) and FC (BDI=0.62) essential oils was lower than DEET at 25 nmol/cm2. Essential oil from FC with LD50 of 33.7 ppm was most toxic against 1-day-old Ae. aegypti larvae at 24-h post treatment. Female cone essential oil was significantly more toxic than MC (LD50=53.6 ppm), NT (LD50=55.5 ppm) and WB (LD50=44.6 ppm) essential oils.

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Antifungal Activity and Chemical Composition of Seven Essential Oils to Control the Main Seedborne Fungi of Cucurbits

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10020104 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 104

Author(s):

Marwa Moumni ◽

Gianfranco Romanazzi ◽

Basma Najar ◽

Luisa Pistelli ◽

Hajer Ben Amara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Major Constituent ◽

Mycelia Growth ◽

Seedborne Fungi ◽

Seedborne Pathogens

Essential oils represent novel alternatives to application of synthetic fungicides to control against seedborne pathogens. This study investigated seven essential oils for in vitro growth inhibition of the main seedborne pathogens of cucurbits. Cymbopogon citratus essential oil completely inhibited mycelial growth of Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum and Alternaria alternata at 0.6 and 0.9 mg/mL, respectively. At 1 mg/mL, Lavandula dentata, Lavandula hybrida, Melaleuca alternifolia, Laurus nobilis, and two Origanum majorana essential oils inhibited mycelia growth of A. alternata by 54%, 71%, 68%, 36%, 90%, and 74%, respectively. S. cucurbitacearum mycelia growth was more sensitive to Lavandula essential oils, with inhibition of ~74% at 1 mg/mL. To determine the main compounds in these essential oils that might be responsible for this antifungal activity, they were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). C. citratus essential oil showed cirtal as its main constituent, while L. dentata and L. nobilis essential oils showed eucalyptol. The M. alternifolia and two O. majorana essential oils had terpinen-4-ol as the major constituent, while for L. hybrida essential oil, this was linalool. Thus, in vitro, these essential oils can inhibit the main seedborne fungi of cucurbits, with future in vivo studies now needed to confirm these activities.

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