Antifungal Activities of Cymbopogon citratus Essential Oil against Aspergillus Species Isolated from Fermented Fish Products of Southern Benin

Background: In Benin Republic, the conservation of fermented fishes for a long time is difficult due to the contamination of fungi, which lead to its rapid degradation. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of Cymbopogon citratus Essential Oil (EO) against Aspergillus species isolated from fermented fish samples. Methods: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to determinate the chemical composition of the C. citratus EO. The agar dilution method was used to evaluate the antifungal activity of the C. citratus EO against Aspergillus species. Data were analyzed using SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA, version 10.0. Results: The major components of C. citratus EO were geranial (41.3%), neral (33.0%), myrcene (10.4%), and geraniol (6.6%). The dominant Aspergillus fungi isolated from the fermented fish samples were A. ochraceus, A. oryzae, A. fumigatus, and A. parasiticus. C. citratus EO exhibited considerable antifungal activity against the growth of fungi isolated from fermented fish samples. There was no significant difference between minimal inhibitory concentrations and minimal fungicidal concentrations of A. ochraceus and A. parasiticus (p>0.05). Conclusion: The findings of this research clearly indicate that the C. citratus EO may be a practical application in controlling the growth of Aspergillus species in fermented fish.

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Chemical Composition and Antifungal Activity of the Essential Oil of Cotinus coggygria from Marche Region (Italy)

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1801300919 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 1934578X1801300 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Daniele Fraternale ◽

Donata Ricci

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Agar Dilution Method ◽

Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Cotinus Coggygria ◽

In Vitro Antifungal Activity

The present study reports the results of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analyses of the essential oil from flowering aerial parts of Cotinus coggygria Scoop. (Anacardiaceae), as well as its in vitro antifungal activity against nine plant pathogenic fungi. Moreover, the essential oil was evaluated for its antifungal activity using the agar dilution method, and also MICs (minimum inhibitory concentrations) and MFCs (minimum fungicidal concentrations) were determined. The major compounds identified by GC-MS were limonene (49.2%), (Z)-β-ocimene (13.6%), α-pinene (8.8%) and (E)-β-ocimene (5.9%). The oil showed in vitro antifungal activity against some species of the Fusarium genus, Botrytis cinerea, and Alternaria solani. Our study indicates that the oil of C. coggygria could be used as a control agent for plant pathogenic fungi in natural formulations.

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Chemical Analysis and Growth Inhibitory Effect Of Rosemary Plant on Aspergillus niger

Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research ◽

10.24017/science.2017.2.22 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 151-154

Author(s):

Tara Faeq M. Salih ◽

Lana MA. Mohammed ◽

Karzan Omer Qader

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Aspergillus Niger ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Agar Dilution Method ◽

Main Compound ◽

Plant Extraction

The use of natural fungicides instead of synthetic ones covers is a present trend in mycological disease control. The quality and food safeties could be preserved by the addition of natural antifungal agents as essential oils. The aim of the present study was to assess the antifungal activity of certain essential oil against the genus of Aspergillus The oil of the aerial parts of Rosemary plant that collected from Sulaimani city was analyzed by using gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The antifungal activity of Rosemary plant extract against Aspergillus niger was assessed by using agar dilution method. The results showed identification of 17 compounds, with 80.62% of Benzene, 1-methoxy-4- (1-propenyl), 6.85% 1,3,6-Octatriene, 3,7-dimethyl-, (E), 5.16% 1,3,6-Octatriene, 3,7- dimethyl and 2.83% D-Limonene constitute the highest percentage of essential oil. The result of investigation the antifungal effect of Rosemary plant extraction dilutions showed that the essential oil has significant inhibitory effect on growth of Aspergillus niger in 10 %, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 22%, 24%, 26%, and 28% dilutions with the average inhibitory growth percentage 25.91%, 25.60%, 28.96%, 28.96%, 30.18%, 32.31%, 28.04%, 28.65%, 31.40% and 31.70% respectively. Large percentage antifungal activities of Rosemary oil are related with Benzene, 1-methoxy-4-(1-propenyl) as the main compound. In conclusion, the essential oils exhibited a potential inhibition activity against toxic fungi and many invitro and invivo studies are requested to find more about the antifungal activity of these extracted oils.

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In Vitro Antifungal Activity of Polysulfides-Rich Essential Oil of Ferula Latisecta Fruits against Human Pathogenic Dermatophytes

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x0800300929 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 3 (9) ◽

pp. 1934578X0800300 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mehrdad Iranshahi ◽

Abdolmajid Fata ◽

Bahareh Emami ◽

Bibi Mohadeseh Jalalzadeh Shahri ◽

Bibi Sedigheh Fazly Bazzaz

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Agar Dilution Method ◽

Agar Dilution ◽

Sulfur Containing ◽

Type Strains ◽

In Vitro Antifungal Activity

The increase in dermatophytoses and the fact that some patients do not respond well to therapy make it necessary to find new antifungal agents. As part of our ongoing studies on medicinal plants from Iran, we studied antidermatophytic activities of Ferula latisecta essential oil, which had shown considerable antifungal activity in preliminary antimicrobial screening. Antifungal activity was evaluated by determination of MIC values using the agar dilution method on type strains of Candida albicans and dermatophytes. The composition of the oil was characterized by GC and GC/MS analyses. The essential oil was rich in polysulfides (75.2%) and exhibited good activity against Trichophyton rubrum and T. verrucosom for about three weeks, with a MIC value 96 μg/mL. The oil showed antifungal activity, especially against dermatophytes, and the activity is probably related to the sulfur-containing components of the oil. This study has identified that the polysulfides-rich essential oil of Ferula latisecta fruits has activity against a range of human pathogenic dermatophytes, justifying future clinical trials to validate its use as a therapeutic alternative for dermatophytosis.

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COMPARATIVE STUDY OF METABOLITES AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF ESSENTIAL OILS EXTRACTED FROM THREE AMOMUM SUBULATUM CULTIVARS

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2019.v12i6.33215 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 219-223

Author(s):

AFTAB ALAM ◽

RITA SINGH MAJUMDAR ◽

PRAVEJ ALAM

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Minimal Bactericidal Concentration ◽

Agar Dilution Method ◽

Escherichia Coli Bacteria ◽

Amomum Subulatum

Objective: In Sikkim (India), Seremna is a highly growing cultivar of Amomum subulatum at lower altitudes. Other popular cultivated varieties are Varlangy and Sawney in the same state but at different altitude. In this study, we evaluate the variation in essential oils, metabolites and antimicrobial activities among A. subulatum selected cultivars. Methods: The composition of essential oil of Varlangy, Seremna, and Sawney was analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and comparative antimicrobial activity of oils was explored using agar well diffusion and agar dilution method. Results: The Seremna cultivar oil was shown the high content of major constituents (1,8-cineole) in comparison to others. Comparative minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) or minimal fungicidal concentration against two Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis), two Gram-negative (Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli) bacteria, and two (Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger) fungi were determined. The oil of Seremna showed distinct antibacterial and antifungal activity against all the microorganisms except B. subtilis which showed resistance. Conclusion: The present findings concluded that the high content of the principal compound accelerates the antimicrobial activity of essential oils. The essential oil of Seremna could be a good antimicrobial agent and recommended in the case of infections.

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Vepris macrophylla (Baker) I. Verd Essential Oil: An Antifungal Agent against Phytopathogenic Fungi

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21082776 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (8) ◽

pp. 2776 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Laura Giamperi ◽

Anahi Elena Ada Bucchini ◽

Donata Ricci ◽

Bruno Tirillini ◽

Marcello Nicoletti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Antifungal Agent ◽

Alternaria Solani ◽

Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Agar Dilution Method ◽

Fungistatic Activity ◽

Leaf Essential Oil ◽

Main Components

Rutaceae are widely used in ethnomedicine to treat infectious diseases in humans and plants. In this study, the antifungal activity of the Vepris macrophylla leaf essential oil (VEO) and its main components, citral and citronellol, was evaluated against six phytopathogenic fungi. In addition, the possible action of VEO on the synthesis of mycotoxins was evaluated as well. To determine the antifungal activity of VEO we used the agar dilution method and VEO showed inhibitory activity against all the tested fungi. In particular, VEO resulted to be fungicidal against Phytophthora cryptogea and Fusarium avenaceum. For all other fungi VEO exhibited fungistatic activity and the weakest effect was observed on Alternaria solani. Citral was very effective against P. cryptogea, F. avenaceum, F. poae and F. graminearum. On the other hand, citronellol showed good activity towards P. cryptogea and F. avenaceum and weaker activity towards F. poae and F. graminearum. It can be concluded that VEO can be considered a promising antifungal agent, especially against P. cryptogea and F. avenaceum, suggesting a possible use in the formulation of new selective and natural fungicides.

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Antifungal activity of Nepeta rtanjensis essential oil

Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society ◽

10.2298/jsc0810961g ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 73 (10) ◽

pp. 961-965 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Milica Grbic-Ljaljevic ◽

Milos Stupar ◽

Jelena Vukojevic ◽

Marina Sokovic ◽

Danijela Misic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Trichoderma Viride ◽

Cultivated Plants ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Agar Dilution Method ◽

Alternaria Species ◽

Agar Dilution ◽

Bipolaris Spicifera ◽

Main Component

The chemical composition and antifungal activity of the essential oil of an endemic Serbian plant Nepeta rtanjensis Diklic & Milojevic was studied. The essential oil was isolated from cultivated plants. Inhibition of mycelia growth of five micromycetes, two Alternaria species originally isolated from N. rtanjensis, Cladosporium cladosporoides, Trichoderma viride and Bipolaris spicifera, were tested using the agar dilution method. The essential oil of N. rtanjensis, the main component of which was 4aa,7a,7ab-nepetalactone, showed strong antifungal activity against all the tested micromycetes. The minimum inhibitory concentration of N. rtanjensis essential oil ranged from 0.6 to 1.4 ?g mL-1. The fungi most sensitive to the tested oil were Alternaria species, while Trichoderma viride was the most resistant.

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In Vitro Antifungal and Topical Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Essential Oil from Wild-Growing Thymus vulgaris (Lamiaceae) Used for Medicinal Purposes in Algeria: A New Source of Carvacrol

Scientia Pharmaceutica ◽

10.3390/scipharm88030033 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 88 (3) ◽

pp. 33 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mohamed Nadjib Boukhatem ◽

Noureldien H. E. Darwish ◽

Thangirala Sudha ◽

Siham Bahlouli ◽

Dahbia Kellou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Fungal Infections ◽

Positive Control ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Thymus Vulgaris ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Agar Dilution Method ◽

Anti Inflammatory

The aim of this study is to investigate the Thymus vulgaris essential oil (TVEO) as an antifungal agent in aromatherapy and/or as an active ingredient in the prevention or management of topical inflammatory diseases. The chemical composition of TVEO was determined with gas chromatography and revealed the presence of 25 compounds. Carvacrol was found to be the major component (56.8%). Antifungal action of TVEO was determined in vitro by using different methods. By the disc diffusion method, TVEO showed more potent antifungal activity against Candida strains than the positive control. The diameter of inhibition zone (DIZ) varied from 34 to 60 mm for Candida yeasts. Significantly higher antifungal activity was observed in the vapor phase at lower quantities. Candida albicans and C. parapsilosis were the most susceptible strains to the oil vapor with DIZ varying from 35 to 90 mm. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of yeast were determined with an agar dilution method and revealed that MIC varied from 0.3 to 0.15 µL/mL for yeast species. The topical anti-inflammatory potential of TVEO was also explored in vivo with the croton oil-induced ear edema assay. TVEO exhibited a potent anti-inflammatory effect at all doses (100, 10 and 2 mg/kg), which were statistically similar (p > 0.05) to the positive control. This activity was also confirmed at the cellular level with histopathology analysis. Our results suggest the potential application of this carvacrol-rich TVEO in the prevention and management of fungal infections and topical inflammation and deserve further investigation for clinical applications. Furthermore, while the mode of action remains mainly undetermined and should be studied.

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Antifungal and Antibacterial Metabolites from a French Poplar Type Propolis

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2015/319240 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Séverine Boisard ◽

Anne-Marie Le Ray ◽

Anne Landreau ◽

Marie Kempf ◽

Viviane Cassisa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Antimicrobial Effect ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Agar Dilution Method ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Weak Activity ◽

Agar Dilution

During this study, thein vitroantifungal and antibacterial activities of different extracts (aqueous and organic) obtained from a French propolis batch were evaluated. Antifungal activity was evaluated by broth microdilution on three pathogenic strains:Candida albicans, C. glabrata, andAspergillus fumigatus. Antibacterial activity was assayed using agar dilution method on 36 Gram-negative and Gram-positive strains includingStaphylococcus aureus. Organic extracts showed a significant antifungal activity againstC. albicansandC. glabrata(MIC80between 16 and 31 µg/mL) but only a weak activity towardsA. fumigatus(MIC80= 250 µg/mL). DCM based extracts exhibited a selective Gram-positive antibacterial activity, especially againstS. aureus(SA) and several of its methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) strains (MIC10030–97 µg/mL). A new and active derivative of catechin was also identified whereas a synergistic antimicrobial effect was noticed during this study.

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Antimicrobial activity of Cymbopogon citratus (Poaceae) essential oil on Streptococcus mutans biofilm and cytotoxic effect on keratinocytes and fibroblasts

Revista de Biología Tropical ◽

10.15517/rbt.v66i4.33140 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 66 (4) ◽

pp. 1519

Author(s):

Mailen Ortega Cuadros ◽

Adriana Patricia Tofiño Rivera ◽

Luciano Jose Merini ◽

Maria Cecilia Martinez Pabon

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Human Fibroblasts ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Cymbopogon Citratus ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Efficient Alternative

Dental caries is a pathology of multifactorial origin and currently natural products are an efficient alternative treatment; The work sought to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the Cymbopogon citratus essential oil and the citral and myrcene components against Streptococcus mutans ATCC UA159, as well as their cytotoxicity on keratinocytes and human fibroblasts. The viability effect against Streptococcus mutans on biofilms was evaluated through exposure to the three substances by using the MBEC technique-high-throughput at concentrations of 1, 0.1, and 0.01 µg/mL and chlorhexidine as positive control. The cytotoxicity of the compounds was evaluated on keratinocytes and fibroblasts through the MTT reduction technique, using 0.5 mM H2O2 as cell-death control (negative control) and ethanol 1% as vehicle control (positive control). The three substances evaluated had effects on the viability of Streptococcus mutans with mortality between 74% and 96%, without significant difference among them (p > 0.393); additionally, no cytotoxicity was evident on keratinocytes and fibroblasts in a 24-h treatment. The substances evaluated showed significant antimicrobial effects; hence, these should be studied further as potential co-adjuvants to prevent dental caries that cause minor adverse effects

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Expression profiles of glutathione S-transferases genes in semi-engorged Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae) exposed to Cymbopogon citratus essential oil

10.21203/rs.2.24101/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Desmond Onyeka Agwunobi ◽

Tingwei Pei ◽

Xiaoshuang Wang ◽

Zhijun Yu ◽

Jing-Ze Liu

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Pacific Islands ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Effective Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Domestic Sheep ◽

Haemaphysalis Longicornis ◽

Cymbopogon Citratus ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Glutathione S Transferases

Abstract Background: The tick Haemaphysalis longicornis is well known as vector of several zoonotic pathogens responsible for various clinical conditions, increasingly threatens the veterinary and public health. It is mainly distributed in East Asia, New Zealand, Australia, and several Pacific islands, and has been expanded rapidly in United States since its first founding on a nonimported domestic sheep in New Jersey. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are phase II detoxification enzymes, which function via combining with pesticidal molecules and catalyzing the conjugation of molecules by thiol of glutathione, so as to protect tissues from oxidative stress damage. In the tick H. longicornis, glutathione S-transferases (HlGST and HlGST2) have been previously identified. However, the relationship between the expression of glutathione S-transferases and the essential oil treatment in ticks remains unexplored. Hence, in the present study, the expression profiles of HlGST and HlGST2 mRNAs were evaluated in H. longicornis after exposure to Cymbopogon citratus essential oil. Results: At 24 h post-exposure of H. longicornis to different sublethal concentrations of C. citratus essential oil, ANOVA results revealed significant difference (F2,6 = 55.94, P = 0.0001) in the expression of HlGST. Tukey’s test showed that HlGST was significantly induced after treatment with 1% C. citratus essential oil (P = 0.0002); whereas no significant difference (P = 0.3551) was detected after treated by 2% C. citratus essential oil. No significant difference (F2,6 = 0.8990, P = 0.4555) in the expression of HlGST2 between the treatment and the control group of 50% ethanol. Nevertheless, the under-expression of HlGST2 in the treatment groups versus the untreated control group was not significant (F3,8 = 2.643, P = 0.1208). Conclusion: The results implied that GST mRNA is a potential molecular target for C. citratus essential oil in H. longicornis. Further understanding of the underlying mechanisms of the GST at the molecular level could contribute to develop effective control measures for ticks and tick-borne diseases.

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