scholarly journals Sero-epidemiological Study of Toxoplasma gondii among Pregnant Women in Akre City

2020 ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
Hogir Mohammed Shukri Saadi ◽  
Ahmed Jumaa Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
History Of ◽  
Elisa Technique ◽  
Undercooked Meat

Recently has been observed globally that toxoplasmosis disease was caused by Toxoplasma gondii and generally its asymptomatic infection in people except pregnant women. Many previous studies were suggested this pathogen transmits by ingesting of undercooked or raw meat contaminated with the oocytes of this parasite. The study aimed to show the seroreactivity of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies among pregnant women and to evaluate association of studied risk factors with infected cases. ELISA technique used for detection of anti-toxoplasma specific IgG and IgM antibodies. A biography form interview for participant was performed to estimate between the risk factors and  toxoplasmosis. The present study was carried out from the beginning of October 2018 to the end of March 2019 and included 90 pregnant women visited Akre general hospital. Out of 90 tested samples, 49 (54.46%) and 4 (4.44%) were positive for IgG and IgM respectively. According to residency factor, pregnant women from villages had higher percentages of IgG (57.14%) and IgM (4.08%) than those lived in the city which were recorded 0% and 48.48%of IgM and IgG respectively. A high percentage of IgG (65.64%) and IgM (7.27%) were found among pregnant women with history of miscarriage. Seropositivity for both IgG (61.90 %) and IgM (9.52%) was higher among pregnant women who had cats compared to those without cat. Seroprevalence of IgM and IgG was 9.67% and 54.83% among population who had undercooked meat, while 1.69% and 59.23% were positive for IgM and IgG respectively, in those well cooked meat meal. Highest positive percentage of IgG (77.77%) was recorded at ages 40-50 years while the lowest rate was (40%) at ages <20 year. Through a seropositive reaction was found that age groups as a possible risk factor by ELISA IgG in which risk increased by rising of age categories. Significant correlation was detected between consumption of undercooked meat and cases positive for IgM. It revealed the association between third trimester and cases with positive IgM. In the conclusion, toxoplasmosis is widespread in the area which requires raising awareness among pregnant women to decrease T. gondii infection and subsequently minimize possibilities of congenital transmission.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at Hawassa University comprehensive specialized and Yirgalem General Hospitals, in Southern Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Demissie Assegu Fenta
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Intrauterine Death ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Unpasteurized Milk ◽  
Antenatal Clinics ◽  
Undercooked Meat

Abstract Background Toxoplasmosis is caused by infection with the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. It is acquired by consumption of raw or undercooked meat containing tissue cyst, food or water contaminated with oocyst and congenital infection through the placenta leading to serious congenital abnormalities in the fetus like miscarriage, stillbirth, intrauterine death and neurologic defects. Therefore; this study was aimed to determine the prevalence of toxoplasmosis infection and its possible risk factors associated with pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Hawassa and Yiregalem Hospitals, Southern Ethiopia. Methods A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2016 to May 2017. The study was done in antenatal care clinics of Hawassa and Yiregalem Hospitals in Southern, Ethiopia. Five hundred pregnant women were interviewed with a pretested structured questionnaire to collect risk factors and socio-demographic data. Blood samples were collected and serum was separated and tested for anti- Toxoplasma gondii antibodies using ELISA (Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 statistical software. The risk factors were tested for significance using Bivariate and multivariate analysis. P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The weighted prevalence of this study was 81.8% for the anti- Toxoplasma gondii antibody. Almost all participants (99.6%) had no information about the disease. A significant association was observed between seroprevalence and contact with domestic cats (OR = 1.206, 95% CI (1.627–2.206, P = 0.043), consumption of raw meat (OR = 0.848, 95% CI: 1.517–2.941, P = 0.019) and unpasteurized milk (OR = 0.871, 95% CI 1.531–2.221, P = 0.032). A significant association was not observed between seroprevalence and age, history of abortion, and blood transfusion. Conclusions The findings of this study demonstrated a relatively higher prevalence of seropositivity than studies reported from other countries. Existence of domestic cats at home, consumption of undercooked meat and unpasteurized milk were identified as risk factors for T. gondii infection. Therefore, a health education program to increase the mother’s knowledge about toxoplasmosis towards avoiding eating undercooked meat, contact with cats and consumption of unpasteurized milk during pregnancy is recommended. Furthermore, our results suggested that the implementation of newborn screening and follow-up testing can lead to reducing of toxoplasmosis associated complications.

scholarly journals Distribution of Toxoplasma gondii IgM and IgG antibody seropositivity among age groups and gestational periods in pregnant women

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahida Sadiqui ◽  
Syed Rafiq Hussain Shah ◽  
Babiker Saad Almugadam ◽  
Qismat Shakeela ◽  
Shehzad Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
History Of ◽  
Acute Toxoplasmosis

Background: Toxoplasmosis is a globally distributed parasitic disease. The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence and geographic distribution of toxoplasmosis, as well assess the risk of animal contact in disease development and determine the percentage of toxoplasmois-associated IgM and IgG seropositivity among different age groups. In addition, it aimed to estimate the proportion of toxoplasma IgM seropositivity among pregnancy trimesters. Methods: A total of 500 pregnant women were included in this study. From each participant, a 5-ml venous blood sample was collected and centrifuged to obtain serum that was tested for Toxoplasma gondii IgM and IgG antibodies using immunochromatographic testing and ELISA. Results: The overall seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis was 24.8%, with rates of acute infection of 8%. Among positive cases in every trimester, 54.34% of first trimester positive cases had a serologic marker of acute toxoplasmosis. Out of the 40 pregnant women with previous history of cow/buffalo contact and toxoplasmosis, 40% were seropositive for toxoplasma IgM; and out of 30 women with prior history of dog contact, 16.66% had serological marker of acute toxoplasmosis. Conclusions: In this study, there is a high prevalence of toxoplasmosis and contact with domestic animals is a risk factor for this illness. Therefore, it is necessary to test every pregnant women for toxoplasmosis and distinguish the type of infection, as well as the conduction of public health education programs to generate the awareness.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Toxoplasmosis in Togo

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (33) ◽  
pp. 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amivi Tété-Bénissan ◽  
Mlatovi Dégbé ◽  
Holoud Maman ◽  
Abiba K. Banla ◽  
Agnon Balogou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Elisa Method ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Risks Factors ◽  
Young Subjects ◽  
Undercooked Meat

Objectives: Toxoplasmosis is caused by Toxoplasma gondii. 50 to 70% of African are contaminated and 60% to 80% in Togo. This parasitic infection involves disorders in immunocompromised persons and pregnant women. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis and the risk factors of contamination in the Togolese population. Methods: Prospective studies from January 2012 to December 2015 concerned 7076 patients. A survey on the risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii contamination has done. The seroprevalence was monitored by examining serological antibodies IgG and IgM using ELISA method. Sampling of 200 excreta of domestic cats were analyzed by coproscopy examinations Results: The average age was 32.61±6.80 years old. The seroprevalence of IgM was 2.85%; and for IgG 59.7%. IgG were high in men (67.0% vs. 58.6%, p<0.0001); IgM were high in women (2.81% vs. 1.85%, p<0.01). In this study, we observed 57.49% immunized subjects. Regarding potential risk factors for contamination, the survey revealed that 80.5% of subjects consume raw garden produce, 65.4% non-potable and 8.3%  undercooked meat. In cats, 20.5% of them excreted oocysts of Toxoplasma gondii. Conclusion: The prevalence of the toxoplasmosis was high in the Togolese population because the risks factors were variable and the level of contamination were high too. The country’s health authorities, especially for the pregnant women, should install sensitization and prevention programs on the risks of the contamination of toxoplasmosis. The high proportion of the young subjects affected constitutes a socio-economical danger for the country.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Toxoplasma gondii Infection among Pregnant Women in Kumasi: A Cross-Sectional Study at a District-Level Hospital, Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Bhavana Singh ◽  
Linda Batsa Debrah ◽  
Godfred Acheampong ◽  
Alexander Yaw Debrah
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Secondary Education ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Elisa Technique ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection ◽  
Level Hospital

Background. This study investigated the prevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women in a district-level hospital in Ghana and compared the diagnostic performance of the rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for T. gondii diagnosis. Method. This cross-sectional study included 400 consecutive consenting women in their first-trimester stage of pregnancy. A validated well-structured closed-ended questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic data and possible risk factors of each participant. Blood samples were collected for analysis of T. gondii IgG and IgM using the commercial ELISA Kit and RDT. Results. Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis was 21.5% and 57.3% based on the RDT and ELISA technique, respectively. Secondary education ( cOR = 1.9 , 95% CI (1.1-3.1), and p = 0.020 ) and contact with cats ( cOR = 1.7 , 95% CI (1.1-2.8), and p = 0.030 ) were significant predictors of T. gondii infection, with the former being the only independent risk factor for T. gondii infection ( aOR = 1.8 , 95% CI (1.0-3.0), and p = 0.034 ) by the ELISA method. The sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) of RDT-IgM against ELISA were 42.9%, 95.9%, and 0.694, respectively, whereas those of RDT-IgG were 31.0%, 91.2%, and 0.611, respectively. The diagnostic consistency between the two methods was fair for both RDT-IgM ( κ = 0.304 ) and RDT-IgG ( κ = 0.201 ). Conclusion. The prevalence of T. gondii infection among pregnant women at Kumasi is 21.5% and 57.3% based on the RDT and ELISA technique, respectively. Secondary education and contact with cats were the major risk factors of T. gondii infection. Using ELISA as the reference, the RDT used in this study for the diagnosis of T. gondii infection has low sensitivity, and therefore, it is unreliable. However, this finding does not invalidate all RDTs because there are several other brands of RDT with good sensitivity and specificity. Further studies to ascertain the performance of other commercially available RDT kits are needed.

scholarly journals Bilateral ocular toxoplasmosis in a returning traveller: age and route of infection as potential risk factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. e237068
Author(s):  
Tim Seers ◽  
Jayavani Myneni ◽  
Nadia L Chaudhry ◽  
Marta Ugarte
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Short History ◽  
Route Of Infection ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Undercooked Meat ◽  
Virulent Parasite

We report the case of a 69-year-old man, who presented in the UK with a short history of deteriorating vision and clinical features of bilateral atypical retinochoroiditis, after travelling to South America. Vitreous samples demonstrated Toxoplasma gondii DNA by PCR. Serology tests demonstrated recent acquired Toxoplasma gondii infection with IgM antibodies. He responded well to treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, azithromycin and oral steroids.This case is a reminder of the global importance of Toxoplasma related eye disease, and its uncommon bilateral severe presentation in a returning traveller, where the risk factors were age and the route of infection likely to be a virulent parasite oocyst from vegetables or water rather than undercooked meat or direct contact with cats.

scholarly journals Distribution of Toxoplasma gondii IgM and IgG antibody seropositivity among age groups and gestational periods in pregnant women

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1823
Author(s):  
Shahida Sadiqui ◽  
Syed Rafiq Hussain Shah ◽  
Babiker Saad Almugadam ◽  
Qismat Shakeela ◽  
Shehzad Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
History Of ◽  
Acute Toxoplasmosis

Background: Toxoplasmosis is a globally distributed parasitic disease. The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence and geographic distribution of toxoplasmosis as well as evaluate the role of animal contact in disease development and determine the percentage of toxoplasmosis-associated IgM and IgG seropositivity among different age groups. In addition, it aimed to estimate the proportion of toxoplasma IgM seropositivity among pregnancy trimesters. Methods: A total of 500 pregnant women were included in this study. From each participant, a 5-ml venous blood sample was collected and centrifuged to obtain serum that was tested for Toxoplasma gondii IgM and IgG antibodies using immunochromatographic testing and ELISA. Results: The overall seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis was 24.8%, with rates of acute infection of 8%. Among positive cases of every trimester, 54.34% of first trimester positive cases had a serologic marker for acute toxoplasmosis. Among the overall positive cases, out of the 35 pregnant women with previous history of cow/buffalo contact and toxoplasmosis, 45.7% were seropositive for toxoplasma IgM; and out of 15 women with prior history of dog contact, 33.3% had a serological marker of acute toxoplasmosis. Conclusions: In this study, there is a high prevalence of toxoplasmosis and contact with domestic animals is a risk factor of this illness. Therefore, it is necessary to test every pregnant woman for toxoplasmosis and distinguish the type of infection, as well as the conduction of public health education programs to generate the awareness.

scholarly journals Predicting COVID-19 mortality with electronic medical records

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Estiri ◽  
Zachary H. Strasser ◽  
Jeffy G. Klann ◽  
Pourandokht Naseri ◽  
Kavishwar B. Wagholikar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Prognostic Models ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Gradient Boosting ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Clinical Expertise ◽  
History Of

AbstractThis study aims to predict death after COVID-19 using only the past medical information routinely collected in electronic health records (EHRs) and to understand the differences in risk factors across age groups. Combining computational methods and clinical expertise, we curated clusters that represent 46 clinical conditions as potential risk factors for death after a COVID-19 infection. We trained age-stratified generalized linear models (GLMs) with component-wise gradient boosting to predict the probability of death based on what we know from the patients before they contracted the virus. Despite only relying on previously documented demographics and comorbidities, our models demonstrated similar performance to other prognostic models that require an assortment of symptoms, laboratory values, and images at the time of diagnosis or during the course of the illness. In general, we found age as the most important predictor of mortality in COVID-19 patients. A history of pneumonia, which is rarely asked in typical epidemiology studies, was one of the most important risk factors for predicting COVID-19 mortality. A history of diabetes with complications and cancer (breast and prostate) were notable risk factors for patients between the ages of 45 and 65 years. In patients aged 65–85 years, diseases that affect the pulmonary system, including interstitial lung disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, and a smoking history, were important for predicting mortality. The ability to compute precise individual-level risk scores exclusively based on the EHR is crucial for effectively allocating and distributing resources, such as prioritizing vaccination among the general population.

Abstract WP186: Pregnancy Associated Hemorrhagic Strokes Differ in Mechanisms and Risk Factors Compared with Hemorrhagic Strokes in Non-pregnant Young Women and Men

Stroke ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliza C Miller ◽  
Kathryn M Sundheim ◽  
Joshua Z Willey ◽  
Amelia K Boehme ◽  
Randolph S Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Postpartum Women ◽  
Stroke Registry ◽  
Good Outcome ◽  
Cerebral Vasoconstriction ◽  
History Of ◽  
Stroke Mechanism

Background: Pregnancy-associated hemorrhagic stroke (HS), while rare, is a significant cause of maternal mortality. Prior studies have suggested that the pathophysiology of HS may differ in pregnant/postpartum women when compared with HS in other young adults. Methods: We conducted a single-center retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected stroke registry, for patients aged 18-45, admitted with HS of any type from 01/2008-03/2015. We reviewed charts for study variables, including patient characteristics, risk factors, stroke mechanisms, and outcomes. Good outcome was defined as modified Rankin score of 0-2 at time of discharge. We compared study variables between three groups: pregnant/postpartum women, non-pregnant/postpartum women, and men. Results: Of 219 young adults with HS during the study period, 93 (42%) were men and 126 (58%) were women, of whom 19 (15.1%) were pregnant/postpartum. Among men, 58 (62.4%) had ICH and 41 (33.3%) had SAH, 31 (75.6%) of which were aneurysmal. Among non-pregnant women, 49 (45.8%) had ICH and 61 (57%) had SAH, 53 (87%) of which were aneurysmal. Among pregnant/postpartum women, 10 had ICH (52.6%) and 11 (57.9%) had SAH, 1 of which was aneurysmal. Compared with men and with non-pregnant women, pregnant/postpartum women had fewer vascular risk factors, were more likely to have history of migraine, and were more likely to have the reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome as stroke mechanism (11/19, 57.9% versus 0/93 men and 2/107 non-pregnant women, p=0.0001). While there were no deaths in the pregnant/postpartum group, there were no significant differences between groups in good outcome (Table). Conclusions: In our analysis, pregnancy-associated hemorrhages were uniquely non-aneurysmal and associated with fewer cerebrovascular risk factors than age-matched men and non-pregnant women, suggesting there is a pregnancy-specific pathophysiology for HS that requires special consideration.

Papillomaviral infection and cervical diseases in pregnant women. Risk factors of social status, reproductive and contraceptive behavior

GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
Tamara N. Bebneva ◽  
Galina B. Dikke
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Contraceptive Behavior ◽  
Regular Screening ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cervical Diseases

Aim. To determine the risk factors for human papillomavirus of high carcinogenic risk (HPV HCR) and cervical diseases (CD) in pregnant women associated with the social status, reproductive and contraceptive behavior. Materials and methods. Design: open-label comparative non-interventional cohort study in parallel groups. The total number of patients 330 people, of whom 148 women were negative for HPV and 182 women were positive. They were divided into 4 groups depending on the presence or absence of CD. Methods: analysis of anamnesis data, general clinical, test Kvant-21 to determine HPV, cytological examination, extended colposcopy. Results. The most significant risk factors for HPV HRS infection were identified: history of mycoplasma infection (OR 5.9) and BV (OR 5.3), alcohol consumption (OR 4.0). A history of STIs (trichomoniasis and chlamydial infection), as well as more than 3 sexual partners (OR 2.7) were also significant. The most significant risk factors for CD in HPV-infected women were: age over 35 years (OR 3.8), a history of bacterial vaginosis (OR 3.0), and lack of regular screening (OR 2.4). The coitarche earlier than 16 years old (OR 2.2) also mattered. There were also found factors indicating a low risk of HPV infection the use of condoms (OR 0.3), and a low risk of CD was indicated by age under 25 years (OR 0.2) and regular screening (OR 0.3). Conclusion. HPV infection with HRS and the prevalence of CMC in pregnant women against the background of HPV infection is associated mainly with social risk factors, to a lesser extent with factors of reproductive and contraceptive behavior.

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