scholarly journals Corruption Phenomenon In European Union

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura-Maria Popescu ◽  
Silviu Dutulescu ◽  
Ileana Nisulescu-Ashrafzadeh
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Transparency International ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Green Area

The article presents the consequences and dimension of corruption phenomenon on level of EU countries in the year 2013. Based on the data collected from the reports of the World Bank, the reports of United Nations and Transparency International, it has been performed an econometric adjustment using as dependent variable the index of perception of the corruption on level of EU countries, plus 5 independent variables as follows: trust in public institutions, trust in justice, trust in government, freedom of expression and HDI (human development index). Pursuant to multiple regression and several calculations, it has been elaborated a classification of the countries of European Union relying on an estimate of corruption phenomenon based on such variables. The classification obtained has been divided in 3 subdivisions  (green area, orange area and red area) depending on the scores recorded in each country, being performed subsequently analyses, comparisons, correlations related to the position of each country in the classification as well as the identification and analysis of the factors influencing the dimension of corruption phenomenon in such countries. The information obtained pursuant to analyses has been synthesized and represented in the form of a chart and a map presenting briefly the entire scientific demarche.

scholarly journals Towards Circular Economy—A Comparative Analysis of the Countries of the European Union

Resources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Ewa Mazur-Wierzbicka
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Spatial Differentiation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Population Member ◽  
Research Population

There are many studies which implement and assess existing measurement manners and document the progress of entities towards the circular economy (CE) at various levels, or present or propose new possibilities of measurement. The majority of them refer to the micro level. The aim of this paper is to conduct a multidimensional comparative analysis of the implementation of circular economy by EU countries. After an in-depth critical analysis of the literature, CE indicators which were proposed by the European Commission were adopted as a basis. Owing to the research population-Member States of the European Union (EU-28), focusing on the said indicators was declared reasonable in all aspects. The classification of EU countries according to the level of their advancement in the concept of CE was adopted as a main research task. In order to do so, a relevant index of development of circular economy was created (IDCE). This will allow us, inter alia, to trace changes in the spatial differentiation of advancement of the EU countries in implementing CE over the years, to identify CE implementation leaders as well as countries particularly delayed in this regard. The comparative analysis was conducted by means of statistical methods. On the basis of the analyses, it was concluded that among all EU countries, those of the old EU are the most advanced in terms of CE. The analysis confirmed significant rising trends for IDCE only in the case of Belgium and The Netherlands.

The ‘Pillared-Privatisation’ of Pension Provision in the European Union: The Case of the United Kingdom

2002 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Ring ◽  
Roddy McKinnon
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
World Bank ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Means Testing ◽  
The Road ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Uk ◽  
National Governments

Across the European Union, national governments are re-assessing the institutional mechanisms through which pension provision is delivered. This articles sets the debate within the wider context of the ‘pillared’ structural analysis often adopted by international institutions when discussing pensions reform. It then sets out a detailed discussion of developments in the UK, arguing that the UK is moving towards a model of reform akin to that promoted by the World Bank – referred to here as ‘pillared-privatisation’. The themes of this model indicate more means-testing, greater private provision, and a shift of the burden of risk from the government to individuals. An assessment is then made of the implications of UK developments for other EU countries. It is suggested that while there are strong reasons to think that other countries will not travel as far down the road of ‘pillared-privatisation’ as the UK, this should not be taken as a ‘given’.

scholarly journals An AHPSort II Based Analysis of the Inequality Reduction within European Union

Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 646
Author(s):  
Álvaro Labella ◽  
Juan Carlos Rodríguez-Cohard ◽  
José Domingo Sánchez-Martínez ◽  
Luis Martínez
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Discussion Section ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Agenda 2030 ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Proper Analysis ◽  
The Eu

Nowadays, sustainability is an omnipresent concept in our society, which encompasses several challenges related to poverty, inequality, climate change and so on. The United Nations adopted the Agenda 2030, a plan of action formed of universal Sustainable Developments Goals (SDGs) and targets, which countries have to face in order to shift the world toward a sustainable future. One of the most relevant SDGs since the onset of the financial crisis in 2007 has been the so-called reduced inequalities, which consists of dealing with the inequality of opportunities and wealth between and within countries. However, reducing inequalities depends on many heterogeneous aspects, making it difficult to make a proper analysis that evaluates the European Union (EU) countries performance of this goal. In this study, we introduce a novel approach to evaluate the inequalities in EU countries based on a sorting a multi-criteria decision-making method called AHPSort II. This approach allows to obtain a classification of the EU countries according to their achievements in reducing inequalities to subsequently carry out a deep performance analysis with the aim of drawing conclusions as to the evolution of inequality in them along the years. The results are consistent with the main international organizations’ reports and academic literature, as shown in the Discussion Section.

scholarly journals How the Legal Environment Affects the Structure of Employment

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 2005-2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Litzman ◽  
Luděk Kouba
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Legal Environment ◽  
Transparency International ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Corruption Perception

The quality of the institutional environment is considered a crucial determinant of economic growth. Low quality of the formal institutional environment can slow down economic development via various mechanisms described in the literature. The present paper will analyse formal institutional factors leading to the structure of employment that Murphy, Shleifer and Vishny (The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1991) found to be associated with lower rate of economic growth. They assumed that a high proportion of lawyers in the country may be associated with slower economic development. Thus, the aim of the paper is to examine some of the parameters of institutional environment that can lead to such a distribution. Results show that quality of law measured by the World Bank (Doing Business database) and the Corruption Perception Index obtained from Transparency International may have some explanatory abilities regarding the structure of employment.

Combating corruption in Cambodia

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophal Ear
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Political Will ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Transparency International ◽  
Policy Context ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a critical analysis and survey of Cambodia’s recent efforts to combat corruption. It explores the policy context, perceived extent of corruption, causes of corruption, anti-corruption measures, evaluates those anti-corruption measures, and provides policy recommendations. Design/methodology/approach – This paper reviews the literature on corruption and anti-corruption efforts in Cambodia. It relies on available data from the World Bank and Transparency International, and compares these data over time. Findings – The paper shows that corruption in Cambodia is pervasive and that anti-corruption efforts are limited because of a lack of political will. Existing anti-corruption measures designed with loopholes must be amended, but implementation remains the primary challenge. Originality/value – This paper contributes to the limited literature on combating corruption in Cambodia.

Market Commodities and Poor Relief: The World Bank Proposal for Health

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asa Cristina Laurell ◽  
Oliva López Arellano
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Related

Investing in Health is the World Bank's blueprint for a new health policy within the context of structural adjustment. While this document includes a broad range of arguments, its implicit premises are neoliberal as can be deduced from its “agenda for action.” Health is defined as a private responsibility and health care as a private good. This leads to a health policy based on two complementary principles: the reduction of state intervention and public responsibility, and the promotion of diversity and competition (i.e., privatization). Thus, public institutions should provide only a limited number of public goods and narrowly defined, cost-efficient forms of relief for the poor. All other health-related activities are considered private duties, to be resolved by the market, NGOs, or families. The World Bank policy provides a pragmatic contribution to efforts to achieve fiscal balance. However, it also pushes to recommodify health care and to turn health into a terrain for capital accumulation through the selective privatization of health-related financial and “discretionary” services. The proposal implies large-scale experimentation and dismantling of public institutions which are the only alternative now accessible to the majority. It rejects health as a human need and a social right, and violates basic values by claiming that life and death decisions can be justly made by the market or through a cost-effectiveness formula.

scholarly journals Guinea- Bissau

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (214) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Political Instability ◽  
Capacity Development ◽  
Institutional Capacity ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Parliamentary Elections ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World

Political instability has limited the development of Guinea-Bissau’s institutional capacity. For example, tensions between the President and the leadership of the country’s largest political party led to six changes of government between the 2014 and 2019 parliamentary elections. Previous IMF capacity development reports, ECF program reviews staff reports, and other diagnosis undertaken by the World Bank and the European Union have pointed to structural governance weaknesses and proposed corrective measures, in some cases, similar to those highlighted in this report. Regrettably, traction has been limited.

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