scholarly journals Energy Audit of a Wheat Processing Plant in Rivers State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Christian Raymond Green ◽  
John I. Sodiki ◽  
Barinyima Nkoi
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Energy Input ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Energy Audit ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Rivers State

In this study, energy audit of a wheat processing plant in Rivers State, Nigeria has been carried out.  A walked-through energy audit method was undertaken to identify the major sources of energy in use, identify the lapses in energy usage, identify areas to improve energy usage, determine the level of energy consumption of the various energy sources and recommending policy measures that will enhance energy savings in the industry. The analysis showed that eight defined unit operations were required for the production of wheat flour; Truck Loading, Intake or Storage, Cleaning, Tempering or Conditioning, Holding Bin, Milling, Finished Product and Packaging. The types of energy used were electrical, thermal (diesel and gas), and manual energies with proportions of 14.63%, 85.31% and 0.05% respectively of total energy input. Average energy intensity was estimated to be 1.3GJ/tonnes for the production of wheat flour for the 5 years (2011-2015) study period. The most energy intensive operation was identified as the milling process with percentage energy input of 44.39% (123837.60MJ) followed by Finished Product Storage process with percentage energy input of 36.17% (100885.92MJ). It was observed that the industry under review did not sufficiently utilize energy as the energy used ratio is below 1. This was as a result of some factors that contributed to energy waste and energy use inefficiency in the industry. Among these factors are: electric motor that dissipate much heat, use of electric motors that have been rewound more than twice and generation of electricity more than needed in the industry by some generators. The exergy analysis showed that the roller dryer accounted for the major loss in the process with an inefficiency of 44.8%.  The useful work was 5.3kJ; exergy loss expended is 15.68kJ in the roller dryer. The study concluded that energy is not sufficiently utilized in the industry resulting in high energy waste and high pricing of wheat flour products.

scholarly journals The Performance Gap in Energy-Efficient Office Buildings: How the Occupants Can Help?

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qadeer Ali ◽  
Muhammad Jamaluddin Thaheem ◽  
Fahim Ullah ◽  
Samad M. E. Sepasgozar
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Occupant Behavior ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Performance Gap ◽  
Energy Efficient Buildings

Rising demand and limited production of electricity are instrumental in spreading the awareness of cautious energy use, leading to the global demand for energy-efficient buildings. This compels the construction industry to smartly design and effectively construct these buildings to ensure energy performance as per design expectations. However, the research tells a different tale: energy-efficient buildings have performance issues. Among several reasons behind the energy performance gap, occupant behavior is critical. The occupant behavior is dynamic and changes over time under formal and informal influences, but the traditional energy simulation programs assume it as static throughout the occupancy. Effective behavioral interventions can lead to optimized energy use. To find out the energy-saving potential based on simulated modified behavior, this study gathers primary building and occupant data from three energy-efficient office buildings in major cities of Pakistan and categorizes the occupants into high, medium, and low energy consumers. Additionally, agent-based modeling simulates the change in occupant behavior under the direct and indirect interventions over a three-year period. Finally, energy savings are quantified to highlight a 25.4% potential over the simulation period. This is a unique attempt at quantifying the potential impact on energy usage due to behavior modification which will help facility managers to plan and execute necessary interventions and software experts to develop effective tools to model the dynamic usage behavior. This will also help policymakers in devising subtle but effective behavior training strategies to reduce energy usage. Such behavioral retrofitting comes at a much lower cost than the physical or technological retrofit options to achieve the same purpose and this study establishes the foundation for it.

A Study on the Influence of Planar Mechanism Design on Energy Use During Controlled Movements

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David H. Myszka ◽  
Austin M. Fischer ◽  
Andrew P. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Multiple Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Robotic Devices ◽  
Actuator Control

This paper presents a study on the energy utilization of planar automation mechanisms that operate with controlled moves. Designers of factory automation for pick & place tasks often select multiple degree-of-freedom robotic devices. With multiple degrees-of-freedom, task flexibility is available, but many operations require little or no flexibility. The majority of research on the energy usage of these robot devices for pick & place tasks focuses on path planning. The study presented in this paper explores the energy savings in using low degree-of-freedom devices and the influence of design parameter selection. Energy predictor equations are developed and confirmed through experimentation. Various positioning mechanisms of differing dimensions are studied for trends in energy utilization. Lastly, an actuator control strategy is proposed for further reducing energy requirements. The study concludes that energy usage can be substantially decreased in pick & place applications by reducing the degrees of freedom of the device, implementing a prudent mechanism architecture, ideally selecting mechanism dimensions and optimally controlling the actuator(s).

Sustainability and cost assessment of coastal vacation homes for energy retrofits

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamalesh Panthi ◽  
Kanchan Das ◽  
Tarek Abdel-Salam
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Modeling Software ◽  
Energy Use Intensity

Purpose Vacation rental homes, in general, have different energy usage characteristics than traditional residential homes mainly because of the occupancy pattern that changes on a weekly basis. These homes, predominantly larger in size, offer a greater scope for energy savings also because of the wasteful habits of their seasonal occupants. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the causes of energy inefficiencies prevalent in these homes so that appropriate retrofit choices can be offered to homeowners. Design/methodology/approach This research presents a case study of a vacation rental home whose energy consumption was investigated in depth and energy inefficiencies identified through modeling using energy modeling software, eQUEST. Simulations were performed to identify viable retrofit scenarios. Findings While improvement in the building envelope such as providing shades/overhangs on the windows, reducing infiltration and increasing insulation of the exterior wall did not show promising results for savings on energy cost, other improvements such as use of highly efficient lamps, tank-less water heater system and occupancy sensors showed viable investment options with shorter payback periods. It was also found that energy use intensity of sampled houses was about half of the average of US residential buildings, which could primarily be attributed to the seasonal nature of occupancy of these houses. Originality/value There is a dearth of literature pertaining to energy efficiency-related retrofits of coastal vacation homes. This research fills that gap to some extent by addressing this issue with an ultimate aim of assisting homeowners in retrofit decision-making.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study: Energy Performance Analysis of Conventional Office Buildings at Lucknow

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-34
Author(s):  
Farheen Bano ◽  
Vandana Sehgal
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Energy Audit ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Using Data

In this study, the energy consumption of three government and three private office buildings in Lucknow was investigated, and the energy performance index (EPI) for each building was determined. The main purpose of this research was to assess the energy usage of the buildings and identify factors affecting the energy usage. An analysis was performed using data from an energy audit of government buildings, electricity bills of private office buildings, and an on-site visit to determine building envelope materials and its systems. The annual energy consumption of buildings has been evaluated through EPI. The EPI, measured in kilowatt hour per square meter per year, is annual energy consumption in kilowatt hours divided by the gross floor area of the building in square meters. In this study, the energy benchmark for day-time-use office buildings in composite climate specified by Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) has been compared with the energy consumption of the selected buildings. Consequently, it has been found that the average EPI of the selected buildings was close to the national energy benchmark indicated by ECBC. Moreover, factors causing inefficient energy consumption were determined, and solutions for consistent energy savings are suggested for buildings in composite climate.

scholarly journals PROPOSING A SYSTEMATIC METHOD FOR CREATING AN ENERGY AUDIT TOOLKIT FOR COPRA PROCESSING ENTERPRISES

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-49
Author(s):  
Thanh Van Tran ◽  
Ha Thi Ngoc Ho ◽  
Hai Thanh Le
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Audit ◽  
Pilot Projects ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Systematic Method ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
High Energy Consumption

Coconut processing is one of a typical industral sector of Ben Tre Province. Due to the high energy consumption chaterization, it has been selected to perform the pilot projects of promoting cleaner production and energy efficiency. Energy audit is a suggested measure to identifine opportunities and solutions for energy savings. However it is quite an expertise-demanding and timeconsuming procedure, therefore still a few number of plants have applied energy audit for their production processes. For all those reasons, there is a need of an automatic energy audit toolkit which can help enterprises in self–assessment of the energy using and performing of energy saving measures. This reseach aims at proposing a systematic method for creating an energy audit toolkit for copra processing enterprises which is expected to be a development initiative for coconut processing industry.

scholarly journals Thermal Analysis of an Industrial Furnace

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirko Filipponi ◽  
Federico Rossi ◽  
Andrea Presciutti ◽  
Stefania De Ciantis ◽  
Beatrice Castellani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Door Opening ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Mechanical Machining

Industries, which are mainly responsible for high energy consumptions, need to invest in research projects in order to develop new managing systems for rational energy use and to tackle the devastating effects of climate change caused by human behavior. The study reported in this paper concerns the forging industry, where the production processes generally start with the heating of the steel in furnaces and continue with other processes, such as heat treatments and mechanical machining. One of the most critical operations, in terms of energy loss, is the opening of the furnace doors for the insertion and extraction operations. During this time, the temperature of the furnaces decreases by hundreds of degrees in a few minutes. Because the dispersed heat needs to be supplied again through the combustion of fuel, increasing the consumption of energy and the pollutant emissions, the evaluation of the amount of the lost energy is crucial for the development of operating or mechanical systems able to contain this dispersion. To perform this study, CFD simulation software was used. Results show that at the door opening, because of temperature and pressure differences between the furnace and the ambient, turbulences are generated. Results also show that the amount of energy lost for an opening of 10 minutes for radiation, convection and conduction is equal to 5606 MJ where convection is the main contributor with 5020 MJ. The model created, after being validated, has been applied to perform other simulations in order to improve the energy performance of the furnace. Results show that a reduction of the opening time of the door allows energy savings and limits pollutant emissions.

Analysis of the Energy Saving Potentials for Near-Zero Energy Buildings in Shanghai

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe Huang ◽  
Donghyun Seo ◽  
Moncef Krarti
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pumps ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Building Models

The Changning District in Shanghai has expressed interest to becoming a green neighborhood and has asked for recommendations on how to reduce the energy usage in public buildings in their district. The objective of this short study is to identify the likely range of further reductions in the energy use and carbon emissions of new buildings through energy-efficiency improvements and the use of renewable energy, i.e., solar hot water (SHW), photovoltaics (PV), and ground-source heat pumps (GSHP), as compared to buildings that meet the current public building energy code in Shanghai. This analysis is done using DOE-2.1E computer simulations of three prototypical building models — an office, a hotel, and a mixed-use retail/office building — that have been calibrated against measured energy data from such buildings in the Changning District. After the building models have been calibrated, they are then used to establish the baseline energy use for code-compliant buildings, and to calculate the energy savings for 16 potential EEMs (Energy Efficiency Measures) that exceed the building energy code. A LCC (Life-Cycle Cost) analysis is done to compare the energy cost reductions to the capital costs for the EEMs, with the result that some EEMs are rejected as being not cost-effective over a 25 year period. The usage of the EEMs accepted as cost-effective is found to reduce the energy usage of the three building types by 30–40% in the office, 43–46% in the hotel, and 35% in the retail, depending on the assumed discount rate. If all the EEMs are considered regardless of cost, the energy savings increase to 44% in the office, 47% in the hotel, and 36% in the retail.

scholarly journals Improving Optimization Solution for Facility Layout Problem with Thermal Comfort

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-61
Author(s):  
Noorhadila Mohd Bakeri ◽  
Mohd Faizal Omar ◽  
Mohd Nasrun Mohd Nawi ◽  
Faizal Baharum
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Facility Layout ◽  
Classical Problem ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
Layout Problem ◽  
Facility Layout Problem ◽  
Satisfaction Rate

Facility Layout Problem (FLP) can be considered as a classical problem in quantitative studies. However, the literature in FLP are largely neglected the thermal comfort as part of the objective function. Today, energy savings for buildings are a major concern in the world as they cover a big portion of energy use. The public room consumes high energy use because of its ability to occupy many people at one time. Issues arise when each person has a dissimilar thermal satisfaction rate, while each area in a room provides a different temperature. There are many factors that influence the people dispersion in the room including the facility layout. However, it is really testing to handle an air-conditioning control () system by considering the mention factors to ensure the thermal satisfaction is increased and energy is reduced. Since lack of report on thermal factors in Facility Layout Problem (FLP) area, this work aims to optimize the temperature setting of an system at the best point and achieving the finest plan for the facility layout in a room. Further, our ultimate goals to maximize the thermal comfort level and reduce energy consumption are able to accomplish. A non-linear mathematical model is utilized to optimize the thermal satisfaction rate () and room layout. At the end of the article, we proposed an Evolutionary Algorithm (EA) to find a quality solution or near optimal since it is hard to solve this problem in a reasonable time.

scholarly journals Monitoring energy audit for energy savings using non cost technique at electronics company

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-79
Author(s):  
Ahmad Razlan Yusoff ◽  
M.N. Mohd Foudzi ◽  
M.Y. Taib ◽  
A.S. Arnizam Shah
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Audit ◽  
Audit Process ◽  
Energy Saving Technique ◽  
Economical Growth

Energy is essential element for economical growth in industry and it measures directly the standard of living for a country.  The economical growth and energy demand in the modern society need to be reduced the energy consumption. In this paper, energy consumption was monitored and audited for an electronic company in  Malaysia. The energy consumption was analysed based on electrical bill and then the power consumption has been verified based on energy audit process using power analyser for this electronic company. It is monitored that the energy audit for the whole company and point out the possiblity of non cost energy saving technique. From 10 locations analyses, 3 locations are main soursces contribite to high energy consumption. There are compressor room, busbar 15 and busbar 16 relates to chiller room that supply the air conditioning system in the company. The energy audit can provide the non cost suitable technique for energy savings and profit improvement in this electronic company. 

scholarly journals Studi Manajemen Energi di Rumah Sakit Prima Medika Denpasar

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Cecep Yudhie Rachmat ◽  
I Nyoman Satya Kumara ◽  
I.A.D Giriantari
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Initial Energy ◽  
Energy Audit ◽  
Intensity Index ◽  
Total Potential ◽  
Consumption Intensity ◽  
Office Equipment

Abstract—Prima Medika Hospital is a nationally accredited hospital with the highest category or Plenary in 2016. With the highest patient visit rate of 59,289 people in 2017 and an average occupancy rate of 79.89% is entered into the ideal category with electricity consumption of 2,299,077 kWh / year. Electricity expenses come from 5 equipment groups, namely: lighting equipment group 20.08%, equipment for air arrangement system 56.12%, medical equipment 8.92%, office equipment 5.30% and utilities utilities 9.57%. From the initial energy audit calculation, the Energy Consumption Intensity index is 344.23 kWh / m² / year and this is included in the Intensive Energy category or shows wasteful energy use. Energy conservation efforts will be carried out on all equipment groups, especially to the equipment of the air structuring system which is the biggest energy absorber starting from the assumption of equipment operating hour patterns and then searching for energy-saving potentials starting from the lighting equipment group in the form of lamp replacement with Light type Emitting Diode, from the office equipment group with the control of operating hours of Dispenser equipment and from the group of air structuring equipment with the replacement of standard AC technology into AC inverters, the total potential of electricity energy savings was 613,813.2 kwh / year or 26.70% so if the proposed Energy Saving Opportunity can be implemented then the final value can be reduced to 252.33 kWh / m² / Year or included in the Energy Standard category or already efficient

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