scholarly journals 5G Mobile Technologies and Early 6G Viewpoints

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 1240-1246
Author(s):  
Ivan Petrov ◽  
Toni Janevski
Keyword(s):  
Channel Coding ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Network Virtualization ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Visible Light Communication ◽  
Mobile Technologies ◽  
New Radio ◽  
Technical Features ◽  
And Control ◽  
And Storage

Design of each successor mobile technology assures improved and advanced functionality features compared to its predecessor. Machine Learning and generally Artificial Intelligence (AI) is becoming necessity for further expansion of the beyond 5G mobile world. AI-assisted IoT services, data collection, analytics and storage should become native in the beyond 5G era. 5G introduces New Radio (NR) in sub-6 GHz bands and also in mmWave bands above 24 GHz, network virtualization and softwarization, which means that Next Generation Core and 5G NR access network are built by using different functions in split user and control planes that introduces the network slicing approach. Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC) and Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (URLLC), that are provided via separate network slices as logically separated network partitions are the key 5G services that constantly will increase the traffic volume and the number of connected devices. Terahertz and visible light communication and fundamental technologies like compressed sensing theory, new channel coding, large-scale antenna, flexible spectrum usage, AI-based wireless communication, special technical features as Space-Air-Ground-Sea integrated communication and wireless tactile network are few of the novelties that are expected to become a common network standard available beyond 2030.

Diver Communication System Based on Underwater Optical Communication

2014 ◽  
Vol 621 ◽  
pp. 259-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuo Chen ◽  
Jun Lei Song ◽  
Zi Min Yuan ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Pei Pei Guo
Keyword(s):  
Optical Communication ◽  
Communication System ◽  
Channel Coding ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Visible Light Communication ◽  
Signal Acquisition ◽  
Optical Signals ◽  
Light Reduction ◽  
Communication Device ◽  
And Storage

The underwater diver visible light communication system integrating information collection, transmission and processing achieves the optical communication device established for the diver’s underwater wireless transmission and underwater sensor network. The front-end signal acquisition module capable of carrying out voice and image acquisition utilizes a MEMS digital microphone and a high performance CMOS camera to change optical signals in to digital ones. The signal source applies wavelet conversion and the channel coding and decoding apply Turbo algorithms, channel modulation and demodulation adopt PPM modulation, so compression, coding and modulation are mounted on TI's high-performance DSP TMS320DM642 platform to ensure the stability and reliability of data transmission. Back-end data acquisition module utilizes a photomultiplier tube and its peripheral circuits for receiving and converting optical signals. Display and storage modules are TFT and SD cards to achieve data reception and sound and light reduction and storage functions.

scholarly journals Evolution of Access Network Sharing and its Role in 5G Networks

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nima Afraz ◽  
Frank Slyne ◽  
Harleen Gill ◽  
Marco Ruffini
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
Network Virtualization ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Support Network ◽  
5G Networks ◽  
Local Access ◽  
Flexible Architecture ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
And Control ◽  
Network Sharing

This paper details the evolution of access network sharing models from legacy DSL to the most recent fibre-based technology and the main challenges faced from a technical and business perspectives. We first give an overview of existing access sharing models, that span physical local loop unbundling and virtual unbundled local access. We then describe different types of optical access technologies and highlight how they support network sharing. Next, we examine how the concept of SDN and network virtualization has been pivotal in enabling the idea of “true multi-tenancy”, through the use of programmability, flexible architecture and resource isolation. We give examples of recent developments of cloud central office and OLT virtualization. Finally, we provide an insight into the role that novel business models, such as blockchain and smart contract technology, could play in 5G networks. We discuss how these might evolve, to provide flexibility and dynamic operations that are needed in the data and control planes.

scholarly journals Evolution of Access Network Sharing and Its Role in 5G Networks

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nima Afraz ◽  
Frank Slyne ◽  
Harleen Gill ◽  
Marco Ruffini
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
Network Virtualization ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Support Network ◽  
5G Networks ◽  
Local Access ◽  
Flexible Architecture ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
And Control ◽  
Network Sharing

This paper details the evolution of access network sharing models from legacy DSL to the most recent fibre-based technology and the main challenges faced from a technical and business perspectives. We first give an overview of existing access sharing models, that span physical local loop unbundling and virtual unbundled local access. We then describe different types of optical access technologies and highlight how they support network sharing. Next, we examine how the concept of SDN and network virtualization has been pivotal in enabling the idea of “true multi-tenancy”, through the use of programmability, flexible architecture and resource isolation. We give examples of recent developments of cloud central office and OLT virtualization. Finally, we provide an insight into the role that novel business models, such as blockchain and smart contract technology, could play in 5G networks. We discuss how these might evolve, to provide flexibility and dynamic operations that are needed in the data and control planes.

scholarly journals BITCOIN COMO ALTERNATIVA TRANSVERSAL DE INTERCAMBIO MONETARIO EN LA ECONOMÍA DIGITAL

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zully Julieth Palacios Cárdenas ◽  
Miguel Andrés Vela Avellaneda ◽  
Giovanny Mauricio Tarazona Bermudez
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Decentralized System ◽  
Media Attention ◽  
National University ◽  
History Of ◽  
Digital Money ◽  
And Control ◽  
And Storage ◽  
State Of Art

Bitcoin es un sistema de dinero digital descentralizado que está amenazando el uso del dinero convencional. Este sistema ha aumentado su popularidad atrayendo la atención de los medios, la comunidad y los organismos de control, dado su anonimato y estructura, donde los usuarios son quienes generan la moneda y verifican que las transacciones sean efectuadas por medio de un proceso criptográfico. El artículo evidencia el estado de arte de las diferentes formas de dinero que ha utilizado el ser humano, desde la aparición del trueque a partir del 9000 a.C, hasta llegar al Bitcoin como forma de dinero digital en la última década. Para el desarrollo de la investigación se hizo una búsqueda con las palabras: dinero (money), historia del dinero (history of money) y Bitcoin, principalmente en las bases de datos de las revistas: IEEE, ScienceDirect, Jstor-Journal Storage y Business Source Complete, de la Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas y de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia (SINAB), donde se encontraron 355 documentos pero se seleccionaron 162 que favorecieron la revisión. Finalmente se concluye que el Bitcoin es considerado como una moneda experimental por lo tanto carece de reconocimiento dentro de la economía global, pero a futuro puede ser una alternativa a los costosos sistemas tradicionales, logrando aumentar el acceso de los negocios en la red.Bitcoin transversal alternative monetary exchange in the digital economyAbstractBitcoin is a decentralized system of digital money that is threatening the use of conventional money. This system has increased in popularity attracting media attention, community and control bodies, given their anonymity and structure where users are who generate the currency and verify that transactions are carried out by means of a cryptographic process. The article demonstrates the state of art of different forms of money used humans, since the emergence of barter from 9000 BC until the Bitcoin as a form of digital money in the last decade. For the development of research, it was searched with the words: money (money), history of money (history of money) and Bitcoin, mainly in databases of journals: IEEE, ScienceDirect, JSTOR-Journal and Storage Business Source Complete the District University Francisco Jose de Caldas and the National University of Colombia (SINAB) where 355 documents were found but 162 of them were selected because favored the review. Finally we conclude that Bitcoin is considered an experimental currency therefore lacks recognition within the global economy, but the future can be an alternative to expensive traditional systems, achieving increasing access network businessKey words: Bitcoin, criptocurrency, digital money, history of money, minning Bitcoin, money.

scholarly journals Evolution of Access Network Sharing and Its Role in 5G Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (21) ◽  
pp. 4566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nima Afraz ◽  
Frank Slyne ◽  
Harleen Gill ◽  
Marco Ruffini
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
Network Virtualization ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Support Network ◽  
5G Networks ◽  
Local Access ◽  
Flexible Architecture ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
And Control ◽  
Network Sharing

This paper details the evolution of access network sharing models from legacy DSL to the most recent fibre-based technology and the main challenges faced from technical and business perspectives. We first give an overview of existing access sharing models, that span physical local loop unbundling and virtual unbundled local access. We then describe different types of optical access technologies and highlight how they support network sharing. Next, we examine how the concept of SDN and network virtualization has been pivotal in enabling the idea of “true multi-tenancy”, through the use of programmability, flexible architecture and resource isolation. We give examples of recent developments of cloud central office and OLT virtualization. Finally, we provide an insight into the role that novel business models, such as blockchain and smart contract technology, could play in 5G networks. We discuss how these might evolve, to provide flexibility and dynamic operations that are needed in the data and control planes.

scholarly journals Garlic greening: Pigments biosynthesis and control strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-83
Author(s):  
Alberto De Iseppi ◽  
Andrea Curioni ◽  
Matteo Marangon ◽  
Simone Vincenzi ◽  
Giovanna Lomolino
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Enzymatic Reactions ◽  
Monocarboxylic Acids ◽  
Review Reports ◽  
Industrial Level ◽  
Green Pigments ◽  
And Control ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Garlic Greening

Greening is a major problem for garlic’s quality. This phenomenon leads to discoloration of the product and is directly related to the alliinase-catalyzed conversion of isoalliin into 1-propenyl-containing thiosulfates. Garlic crushing, refrigeration, and storage in normal atmosphere, as well as in the presence of monocarboxylic acids, are established the main factors that promote its greening. In last decades, the study of biochemical pathway of this phenomenon has allowed to effectively understand the main steps and key enzymes involved, and to identify optimum conditions for chemical and enzymatic reactions leading to discoloration. These findings have, in some cases, determined the development of new tools for the control of garlic greening on large scale. After providing an updated description of the biochemistry of green pigments produced in garlic, this review reports an overview on the strategies for controlling discoloration of garlic at industrial level.

scholarly journals The correctness of large scale analysis of genomic data

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-436
Author(s):  
Pawel Wojciechowski ◽  
Karol Krause ◽  
Piotr Lukasiak ◽  
Jacek Blazewicz
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Large Scale Analysis ◽  
And Control ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Efficient Transfer ◽  
Data Quality Analysis ◽  
Genomic Project

Abstract Implementing a large genomic project is a demanding task, also from the computer science point of view. Besides collecting many genome samples and sequencing them, there is processing of a huge amount of data at every stage of their production and analysis. Efficient transfer and storage of the data is also an important issue. During the execution of such a project, there is a need to maintain work standards and control quality of the results, which can be difficult if a part of the work is carried out externally. Here, we describe our experience with such data quality analysis on a number of levels - from an obvious check of the quality of the results obtained, to examining consistency of the data at various stages of their processing, to verifying, as far as possible, their compatibility with the data describing the sample.

scholarly journals An Architecture for Creating Slices to Experiment on Wireless Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Valera-Muros ◽  
Laura Panizo ◽  
Alvaro Rios ◽  
Pedro Merino-Gomez
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Networks ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Mobile Technologies ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Control ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract Researchers in mobile technologies and services are currently requesting testbeds to validate their proposals in a realistic large-scale and controlled environment. Such demands are some times satisfied with private ad-hoc deployments in a given area of coverage. However, given national regulations related to the use of the spectrum and the cost of deployments, these solutions are not feasible for most researchers. In this paper, we introduce the architecture of the research infrastructure developed in the EuWireless project. EuWireless’ objective is to provide private networks that can be dynamically created as slices with different levels of configuration and control, as a cost-effective way to access large-scale testbeds with a licensed spectrum even in different countries. The paper focuses on the architecture of the Point of Presence, the key element in the EuWireless project, and how it will work in practice. We also present a proof of concept implementation that satisfies some of the design objectives and demonstrates the feasibility of the proposal.

Collaboration, Power, Participation and Control on a Large Scale Research Team: Multiple Perspectives from the Oxford House Research Project

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley Olson ◽  
Leonard Jason ◽  
Joseph R. Ferrari ◽  
Leon Venable ◽  
Bertel F. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Research Team ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Oxford House ◽  
And Control

Interference mitigation in point to point wireless sensor networks using LSP protocol and time division multiplexing approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 5449-5458
Author(s):  
A. Arokiaraj Jovith ◽  
S.V. Kasmir Raja ◽  
A. Razia Sulthana
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Control Parameter ◽  
Interference Mitigation ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Point To Point ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Time Division ◽  
And Control

Interference in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) predominantly affects the performance of the WSN. Energy consumption in WSN is one of the greatest concerns in the current generation. This work presents an approach for interference measurement and interference mitigation in point to point network. The nodes are distributed in the network and interference is measured by grouping the nodes in the region of a specific diameter. Hence this approach is scalable and isextended to large scale WSN. Interference is measured in two stages. In the first stage, interference is overcome by allocating time slots to the node stations in Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) fashion. The node area is split into larger regions and smaller regions. The time slots are allocated to smaller regions in TDMA fashion. A TDMA based time slot allocation algorithm is proposed in this paper to enable reuse of timeslots with minimal interference between smaller regions. In the second stage, the network density and control parameter is introduced to reduce interference in a minor level within smaller node regions. The algorithm issimulated and the system is tested with varying control parameter. The node-level interference and the energy dissipation at nodes are captured by varying the node density of the network. The results indicate that the proposed approach measures the interference and mitigates with minimal energy consumption at nodes and with less overhead transmission.

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