scholarly journals Relationship between Quantum Physics and Maxwell’s Equations in the Model of a Hydrogen Atom

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
Y. E. Khoroshavtsev
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Atom ◽  
Momentum Flux ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Classical Electrodynamics ◽  
Quantum Model ◽  
Quantum Energy ◽  
Magnetic Components ◽  
Electron Orbit ◽  
Energy And Momentum ◽  
New Formula

An attempt to bring together two different theories – classical electrodynamics and quantum mechanics is made. On the example of a hydrogen atom the problem of the hypothetic electron fall into a nucleus by means of the energy conservation law is examined. The essence of the present approach consists in the assumption, that the energy and momentum of an electron in quantum model are proportional to corresponding electromagnetic fluxes. In order to achieve the result, the new formula of momentum flux density not using Poynting vector was proposed. It states that the momentum flux depends not only on electric and magnetic components of the field, but also on a frequency of an electromagnetic wave. As the main result, it was demonstrated that the total including annihilation energy of an electron in Bohr’s atom model is equal to energy of a free electron mc2 without any mention of Relativity. An electromagnetic field inside an atom occurs quantized for each electron orbit. An additional consequence shows that the two fundamental definitions of quantum energy mc2 and ħω are interrelated. If ħω is admitted according to quantum physics, then mc2 follows automatically and vice versaю

Axisymmetric Hurricane in a Dry Atmosphere: Theoretical Framework and Numerical Experiments

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 1607-1619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka A. Mrowiec ◽  
Stephen T. Garner ◽  
Olivier M. Pauluis
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Numerical Experiments ◽  
Momentum Flux ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Moist Processes ◽  
Energy And Momentum ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Insight

Abstract This paper discusses the possible existence of hurricanes in an atmosphere without water vapor and analyzes the dynamic and thermodynamic structures of simulated hurricane-like storms in moist and dry environments. It is first shown that the “potential intensity” theory for axisymmetric hurricanes is directly applicable to the maintenance of a balanced vortex sustained by a combination of surface energy and momentum flux, even in the absence of water vapor. This theoretical insight is confirmed by simulations with a high-resolution numerical model. The same model is then used to compare dry and moist hurricanes. While it is found that both types of storms exhibit many similarities and fit well within the theoretical framework, there are several differences, most notably in the storm inflow and in the relationship between hurricane size and intensity. Such differences indicate that while water vapor is not necessary for the maintenance of hurricane-like vortices, moist processes directly affect the structure of these storms.

Quantum model of the prolate spheroidal Thomson hydrogen atom

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Baghdasaryan ◽  
D. B. Hayrapetyan ◽  
E. M. Kazaryan
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Atom ◽  
Quantum Model ◽  
Prolate Spheroidal

scholarly journals Solar cycle dependence of scaling in solar wind fluctuations

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Chapman ◽  
B. Hnat ◽  
K. Kiyani
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Solar Cycle ◽  
Momentum Flux ◽  
Magnetic Fluctuations ◽  
Mhd Turbulence ◽  
Scaling Properties ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Energy And Momentum ◽  
Cycle Dependence

Abstract. In this review we collate recent results for the statistical scaling properties of fluctuations in the solar wind with a view to synthesizing two descriptions: that of evolving MHD turbulence and that of a scaling signature of coronal origin that passively propagates with the solar wind. The scenario that emerges is that of coexistent signatures which map onto the well known "two component" picture of solar wind magnetic fluctuations. This highlights the need to consider quantities which track Alfvénic fluctuations, and energy and momentum flux densities to obtain a complete description of solar wind fluctuations.

scholarly journals Eye of the Storm: Observing Hurricanes with a Small Unmanned Aircraft System

2020 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. E186-E205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph J. Cione ◽  
George H. Bryan ◽  
Ronald Dobosy ◽  
Jun A. Zhang ◽  
Gijs de Boer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Momentum Flux ◽  
Unmanned Aircraft ◽  
Unmanned Aircraft System ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Unique Data ◽  
Eddy Simulation ◽  
Hurricane Intensification ◽  
Aircraft System ◽  
Energy And Momentum ◽  
Future Work

Abstract Unique data from seven flights of the Coyote small unmanned aircraft system (sUAS) were collected in Hurricanes Maria (2017) and Michael (2018). Using NOAA’s P-3 reconnaissance aircraft as a deployment vehicle, the sUAS collected high-frequency (>1 Hz) measurements in the turbulent boundary layer of hurricane eyewalls, including measurements of wind speed, wind direction, pressure, temperature, moisture, and sea surface temperature, which are valuable for advancing knowledge of hurricane structure and the process of hurricane intensification. This study presents an overview of the sUAS system and preliminary analyses that were enabled by these unique data. Among the most notable results are measurements of turbulence kinetic energy and momentum flux for the first time at low levels (<150 m) in a hurricane eyewall. At higher altitudes and lower wind speeds, where data were collected from previous flights of the NOAA P-3, the Coyote sUAS momentum flux values are encouragingly similar, thus demonstrating the ability of an sUAS to measure important turbulence properties in hurricane boundary layers. Analyses from a large-eddy simulation (LES) are used to place the Coyote measurements into context of the complicated high-wind eyewall region. Thermodynamic data are also used to evaluate the operational HWRF model, showing a cool, dry, and thermodynamically unstable bias near the surface. Preliminary data assimilation experiments also show how sUAS data can be used to improve analyses of storm structure. These results highlight the potential of sUAS operations in hurricanes and suggest opportunities for future work using these promising new observing platforms.

scholarly journals The quantum and electromagnetic process of photon emission by the hydrogen atom

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-149
Author(s):  
Marian Kowalski
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Hydrogen Atom ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Theoretical Physics ◽  
Classical Electrodynamics ◽  
Resistance Force ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Electromagnetic Process

Light emitted from atoms during transitions of electrons from higher to lower discrete states has the form of photons carrying energy and angular momentum. This paper considers the process of emission of a single photon from the hydrogen atom by using quantum theory and Maxwell's equations [W. Gough, Eur. J. Phys. 17, 208, 1996; L. D. Landau and E. M. Lifshitz, Quantum Mechanics (Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1965); J. D. Jackson, Classical Electrodynamics (John Wiley & Son, New York, 1975, 1982); P. M. Morse and H. Feshbach, Methods of Theoretical Physics (McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York, 1953)]. The electric and magnetic fields of a photon arise from the time-dependent quantum probability densities of the orbit and the spin current. This paper is an extension of the semiclassical description of photon emission published by the author earlier in 1999 [M. Kowalski, Phys. Essays 12, 312 (1999)]. In the semiclassical approach, the Coulomb force and a radiation resistance force have been taken into account to get time-dependent emission of the photon. In both the quantum and semiclassical cases, the transition takes place within a time interval equal to one period of the photon's wave. The creation of a one-wavelength-long photon is supported by the results of experiments using ultrafast (ultrashort) laser pulses to generate excited atoms, which emit light pulses shorter than two photon wavelengths [F. Krausz and M. Ivanov, Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 163 (2009); H. Kapteyn and M. Murnane, Phys. World 12, 31 (1999)].

Introduction to Volume One

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-42
Author(s):  
Anthony Duncan ◽  
Michel Janssen
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Black Body ◽  
Black Body Radiation ◽  
Quantum Model ◽  
Light Quantum ◽  
Quantum Hypothesis ◽  
Specific Heats ◽  
Adiabatic Principle ◽  
Old Quantum Theory ◽  
Energy And Momentum

We provide an overview, as non‐technical as possible, of the contents of Vol. 1 of the book. Reflecting the structure of the volume, this overview consists of two parts. In the first part, we summarize the most important early contributions to quantum theory (covered in detail in Chs. 2–4). This part starts with Planck’s work on black‐body radiation culminating in the introduction of Planck’s constant in 1900. It then moves on to Einstein’s 1905 light‐quantum hypothesis, his theory of specific heats, and his formulas for energy and momentum fluctuations in black‐body radiation. After summarizing Bohr’s path to his quantum model of the atom, it concludes with Einstein’s 1916–17 radiation theory combining elements of Bohr’s model with his own light‐quantum hypothesis. In the second part we summarize our analysis of the old quantum theory (given in detail in Chs. 5–7). After a brief overview of the career of Sommerfeld, who together with Bohr took the lead in developing the old quantum theory, we review the three principles we have identified as the cornerstones of the theory (the quantization conditions, the adiabatic principle, and the correspondence principle). We then discuss three of the theory’s most notable successes (fine structure, Stark effect, X‐ray spectra) and, finally, three of its most notorious failures (multiplets, Zeeman effect, helium).

First Steps in Quantum Physics: Basics – 2. Model Examples (Square Wells)

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-188
Author(s):  
Mihail Avramov ◽  
◽  
Dimitar Marvakov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Atom ◽  
Metal Surface ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Finite Depth ◽  
Accurate Solution ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Square Well

Cases of a particle in a one-dimensional square well – infinitely deep and with finite depth – are also analyzed in detail. As an example, the adsorption of a hydrogen atom on a metal surface by a qualitative and accurate solution of the problem is considered.

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