The Philosophic Discovery of Name and Icon: Chronological Parallels and Ideological Genesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 594-606
Author(s):  
Elena S. Mahler
Keyword(s):  
Religious Tradition ◽  
Russian Philosophy ◽  
Silver Age ◽  
Religious Consciousness ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Different Levels

The article describes the discovery of “name” and “icon” as two new philosophic categories in Russian philosophy of the Silver Age and the formation of two new directions in Russian thought – “philosophy of name” and “philosophy of icon” – in their close interconnection. It is noted that those directions of thought developed in parallel to each other, which can be found on the pages of the similar or even the same works of the same group of philosophers – E. Trubetskoy, P. Florensky, A. Losev, S. Bulgakov. Similar features of the ideological genesis and problems of those areas of thought are considered in detail, among which are: criticism of secularism and church modernism, opposition to the “new religious consciousness” and the choice of historical Christianity, interest in real religious tradition and practice, and philosophical resort to Patristics, including their predecessor, – Father John of Kronstadt. In general, the author concludes that those trends in Russian thought are deeply interconnected, from their ideological genesis to philosophical problems, which are manifested in the similar understanding of the categories of “name” and “icon” at different levels – ontological, epistemological, communicative, and personalistic.

Domestic Courts' Contribution to the Development of International Criminal Law: Some Reflections

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harmen van der Wilt
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
International Criminal ◽  
Case Law ◽  
International Criminal Law ◽  
International Criminal Tribunals ◽  
Domestic Courts ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Strict Compliance ◽  
Hierarchical Nature ◽  
Different Levels

This article seeks to give an impression of the way in which domestic courts are contributing to the development of international criminal law. Have they predominantly followed the case law of international tribunals and, by doing so, have they corroborated those standards? Or have they rather ventured in new directions and, as a consequence, been involved in a creative process, establishing and refining international criminal law?Four different approaches, reflecting the position of domestic courts vis à vis the standards and case law of international criminal tribunals, are identified and analysed: strict compliance, antagonism, judicial construction, and ‘casuistry’. The author concludes that the most important contribution of domestic courts to the development of international criminal law consists of further interpretation of open-ended norms. While this is obviously inherent in the process of ‘judicial creativity’, the feature is reinforced by the non-hierarchical nature of international criminal law. As a consequence, international criminal tribunals lack the power and authority to impose their interpretation of international criminal law on domestic courts. The risk of fragmentation is mitigated, however, by the nature of criminal law, which requires strict and clear standards, and by the increasing interactions between courts at different levels.

scholarly journals Russian Silver Age Philosophy of War: Main Features

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 91-103
Author(s):  
Alexei A. Skvortsov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Philosophy ◽  
Broad Line ◽  
Moral Choice ◽  
Silver Age ◽  
Consistent System ◽  
Fyodor Dostoevsky ◽  
Deep Well ◽  
Moral Qualities ◽  
Armed Violence ◽  
The One

The article discusses the main features of the Russian philosophy of war that developed in the first third of the 20th century. The author shows that in Russia, the philosophy of war did not develop as a separate broad line of research but limited itself to only a few meaningful, but rather brief, experiments. Nevertheless, many Russian philosophers (Fyodor Dostoevsky, Vladimir Soloviev, Evgenii Troubetzkoy, Ivan Ilyin, Nikolai Berdyaev, Lev Karsavin and others) left deep, well-founded reasoning about war, which can be reconstructed as a consistent system of views. One of its features is the shift in the focus of considering armed violence from the sociological and political to the anthropological and ethical; the focus is not on war as a social phenomenon, but on the human’s position in war. In this regard, the attitude to war in Russian philosophy is paradoxical. On the one hand, war brings a lot of evil in the form of death of many people and destruction, but, on the other hand, it promotes to the manifestation of the best moral qualities in people, up to selflessness and heroism. Armed violence seems to be a tragedy of the Christian conscience, and each participant must independently find a justification for his participation in the war. Based on the conditions of a difficult moral choice, personal, existential justification may come from the idea that people cannot commit violence with a clear conscience. In this case, the person choosing to participate in a war perceives the battle as his own guilt that should be expiated.

The Relevance of Intellectual Capital in Shared Service Centres

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Luisa Domingues ◽  
Agostinho Sousa Pinto ◽  
Carlos José Guterres
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Explicit Knowledge ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Shared Services ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Service Effectiveness ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Shared Service ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Centres Of Expertise

In the context of shared services, considering the intrinsic characteristics of the concepts service and sharing, organizational knowledge can assume different levels of relevance depending on the models adopted, from the most conventional to the most recent models considered as new forms of shared services. These are: Centres of Competence, Centres of Excellence, Centres of Expertise and Technical Centres. According to Nonaka, the creation of new knowledge takes place in a continuous process of transformation of tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge. Marciniak correlates the new models of shared services with the tacit and explicit knowledge. Domingues presents in the SSAM model the concept of intellectual capital as the driving force of innovation and quality service effectiveness. This article, using a qualitative approach and constructivist paradigm, develops exploratory research that aims in new directions and horizons at the confluence of these three models (Nonaka, SSAM and Marciniak) in knowledge management at shared service centres.

The Notebooks of Alexander Skryabin

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Nicholls
Keyword(s):  
Early Years ◽  
Russian Philosophy ◽  
World War ◽  
Musical Style ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Indian Culture ◽  
Silver Age ◽  
Political Events ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World

Skryabin’s life spanned the tumultuous political events and artistic developments of the end of the nineteenth century and the early years of the twentieth but was cut short before the end of the First World War. In an era when the Russian musical scene was relatively conservative, he aligned himself with the poets, philosophers, and dramatists of the Silver Age. Possessed by an apocalyptic vision, aspects of which he shared with other Russian thinkers and artists of the period, Skryabin transformed his Romantic musical style into a far-reaching, radical instrument for the expression of his ideas. The core of the book is a full translation of the 1919 Moscow publication of Skryabin’s writings with the original introduction by Skryabin’s close friend Boris de Schloezer, brother of the composer’s life partner, Tat′yana. Schloezer’s introduction gives a vivid impression of the final years of Skryabin’s life. This text is supplemented by relevant letters and other writings. The commentary has been researched from original materials, drawing on accounts by the composer’s friends and associates. The roots of Skryabin’s thought in ancient Greek and German idealist philosophy, the writings of Nietzsche, Indian culture, Russian philosophy, and the Theosophical writings of H. P. Blavatsky are analysed, and accounts of the Poem of Ecstasy and Prometheus, the Poem of Fire show their relation to Skryabin’s world of ideas. A biographical section relates the development of the thought to the incidents of the composer’s life.

scholarly journals The Religious Quest As Transformative Journey: Interspiritual Religious Belonging And The Problem Of Religious Depth

Open Theology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rory McEntee
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Racial Diversity ◽  
Religious Tradition ◽  
The United States ◽  
Spiritual Practice ◽  
The Public ◽  
Religious Consciousness ◽  
Traditional Religions ◽  
Spiritual But Not Religious ◽  
Reference Potential

AbstractAs scholars and the public grope towards understanding emergent forms of religiosity (multiple-religious belonging, spiritual but not religious, interspirituality), notions of discernment, religious depth, and spiritual practice figure prominently in defining and assessing these forms. Some form of commitment to a particular religious tradition is often considered the most important factor in the discernment of religious depth, while “spiritual but not religious” is often seen as the amorphous searching or the drifting whims of an immature ego. I will argue, however, that failing to take into account the most mature forms of emerging religiosity is bound to miss important developments, just as similar methodologies would for traditional religions. Further, I point out problems with correlating religious depth with belonging to a particular religious tradition, and offer an alternate way to conceive of religious depth. In doing so I develop the concept of the religious quest as transformative journey, allowing for a more capacious understanding of religious consciousness. I then introduce interspiritual religious belonging, contrasting it with certain understandings of “multiple-religious” belonging, and providing mature examples of its embodiment. Finally, utilizing new surveys from Pew and PPRI showing accelerating growth among the “spiritual but not religious” and “religiously unaffiliated”-as well as expanding religious and racial diversity within the United States-I briefly reference potential political ramifications the interspiritual movement might have, and address the importance of developing mature theological perspectives from within it. It is my hope that the Theology Without Walls project can provide academic space for the latter.

scholarly journals The philosophical language of Russia as a factor of cultural unity

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Vladimir Shakirovich, Sabirov ◽  
Olga Sergeevn Soina
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Russian Philosophy ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Religious Philosophy ◽  
Silver Age ◽  
Philosophical Reflection ◽  
Language Functions ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Russian Idea

The Russian language functions not only at the ordinary, literary, but also professional levels. Philosophical reflection is an important part of communication in Russian. It includes some fundamental concepts in Russian religious philosophy, embodied in specific language, mostly peculiar to this spiritual and intellectual tradition: the Russian idea, unity, Sofia, sobornost, God-mankind, Russian cosmism, cosmedicy etc. This tradition, was tragically interrupted in 1917 and dropped out of the cultural context of our country for decades, began to return Home in the 80–90-years of the twentieth century. Its ideas, meanings and values can serve as a basis for the cultural unity of our Fatherland, because they are a reflection and expression of the special features of the Russian mentality. Despite the "Russian" nature of many words and concepts used by Russian thinkers, they go beyond the domestic cultural tradition in terms of content and have a universal meaning, so that the Russian philosophy of the Silver age becomes readable and revered not only in our country but also abroad. This article deals with three main problems of Russian philosophy: the Russian idea, unity and the doctrine of Sofia. The Russian idea is not only an attempt to theoretically comprehend the fate of Russia, the specifics of Russian culture and the Russian type of man, but also an experience of philosophical reflection on the preservation, transformation and salvation of man and humanity in General. Its universal value lies in the antientropic direction of Russian thought. Unity also offers a way of human development, which does not destroy the identity of peoples, cultures and civilizations, and involves strengthening the unity of mankind on the basis of their further development. The teaching about Sophia or sophiology means overcoming the materialistic perception of the world based on cultivation of a particular spiritual aesthetic, the ability to see harmony and beauty even in the seemingly unlovable things

scholarly journals Does a “russian philosophy” exist? The boundaries and nature of a question

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-67
Author(s):  
A. Oppo
Keyword(s):  
Western Philosophy ◽  
Russian Philosophy ◽  
Silver Age ◽  
Philosophical Thought ◽  
Arts And Sciences ◽  
Original Contribution ◽  
Russian Soil ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Opening Up

The issue of the existence of a peculiarly “Russian” philosophy has long been the object of many debates, which soon led to very different and often opposite conclusions. The question is always the same: Is there an original contribution that Russian authors made to philosophy, in the same way as with literature, arts, and sciences? What happened to Greek/Western philosophy when cultivated in “Russian soil”? In order to answer these questions, it is necessary to first carry out a brief examination of the never-obvious issue of “what being a philosopher means”, i.e. of what generally distinguishes an intellectual who claims to be a “philosopher” from other kinds of intellectuals or scholars. After this short but necessary premise, this article will try to sum up some of the classic and modern definitions of Russian philosophy (from Chaadaev to Evlampiev) and conclude by proposing a personal idea about an overarching frame of Russian philosophical thought. In my opinion, the latter mostly originates from a peculiar reception in Russia of Platonism, Idealism and Marxism that ultimately transformed those views, especially during the Silver Age, into a sort of “integral gnoseology”, which connects “logos” and “life” in a specifically dialectical way that can be described, pour cause, as “Russian”. This “integral gnoseology” ultimately conjoins science and humanism in an original way and is capable of opening up to discreet phenomena and to multiple levels of knowledge.

scholarly journals The problem of the relation between national and religious in the interpretation of Arsen Rychinsky

2006 ◽  
pp. 50-52
Author(s):  
P. Kralyuk
Keyword(s):  
Religious Life ◽  
Religious Tradition ◽  
Religious Consciousness ◽  
The Family

One of the problems that interested Rychynskyy the most was the question of the role of the national moment in religious life, of the relation between national and religious. This issue was considered in one way or another in a number of his works, including "On the Manovtsi", "Problems of Ukrainian Religious Consciousness" and others. Researchers, in particular, A. Kolodny, O. Sagan, L. Kondratyk, P. Yarotsky, have paid attention to this question, analyzing A.Richinsky's creativity. The first factor is the Orthodox religiosity of A.Richinsky, which was founded in his childhood. After all, he was brought up in the family of a priest, and this could not but affect his views. A.Richinsky has always been respectful of the religious tradition, repeatedly focusing on this.

scholarly journals Les manuscrits du sud de la vallée de l’Indus en écriture khojkī sindhī: état des lieux et perspectives

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-338
Author(s):  
Zahir Bhalloo ◽  
Iqbal Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Religious Tradition ◽  
General Introduction ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Indus Valley ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Textual Content ◽  
Future Work

Abstract This article presents an overview of research on the corpus of eighteenth to twentieth century manuscripts from south of the Indus valley in Khojkī Sindhī script. After a general introduction to the significance of these manuscripts, we will first look at how researchers have approached the problem of the origins of the “Khojkī Sindhī” script and its relation to the religious tradition of the Khoja merchant caste of Sindh and Gujarat. Then, we systematically present the main cataloguing attempts and studies from 1964 onwards on the paleography, codicology, textual content and illustrations of these manuscripts. Finally, we summarize ongoing research and suggest new directions for future work on these manuscripts.

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