PENGARUH ECONOMIC FREEDOM TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DAN FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (FDI) DI ASEAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iis Dayanti ◽  
Syamsul Amar B
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Economic Freedom ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Government Size ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Independent Variable

This study aims to determined the effect of noneconomic variable on the economy, this study involves the role of government and institutions as factors that can affect the economy. Independent variable in this study is economic freedom, government size, rule of law, and investment freedom. Then, dependent variable in this study is PDB and FDI. This study used panel data in ASEAN for the 2008-2017 period. The model in this study is simultaneous panel with Two-Stage Least Sqares (2SLS) method. The result is economic freedom and government size have significant effect on PDB under fixed effect model and government size and investment freedom have significant effect on FDI under fixed effect model. But, rule of law in this study does not have significant effect on FDI.

scholarly journals The impact of economic freedom on foreign portfolio investments

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-222
Author(s):  
Tricia Karen Mangal ◽  
Day-Yang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Freedom ◽  
Foreign Debt ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Single Market ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Foreign Investors ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Portfolio Investments

The present phenomena of globalization and market liberalization have attracted considerable attention from foreign investors. Several member states of the Caricom Single Market and Economy are becoming heavily dependent on foreign investments. Consequently, this study intends to investigate the effect of economic freedom on foreign portfolio investments in the case of the Caricom Single Market and Economy. For this purpose, this study has used data from 2012 to 2016. The results of the stationarity test showed that data of all variables considered in the study are stationary at level. Moreover, the fixed-effect model better modeled the data as suggested by the results of the Hausman test. Based on the results of the fixed effect models, economic freedom has a significant and positive effect on the total foreign portfolio investments. Therefore, an increase in economic freedom among the Caricom Single Market and Economy member countries will attract more investors to invest in their country stocks and debt instruments. Furthermore, for the robustness of the results, the study has also estimated a separate regression model for foreign debt portfolio investments and foreign equity portfolio investments which also support the baseline regression results and showed a significant and positive effect of economic freedom on both foreign debt and foreign equity portfolio investments. This study suggests that the member countries of the Caricom Single Market and Economy improve their economic freedom which will attract foreign investors to invest in their countries. 

Impact of Trade Credit on Sales Growth: An Empirical Study Based on Cement Sector of Pakistan

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Muhammad Aslam ◽  
Rana Tanveer Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Trade Credit ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Sales Growth ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
Business Units ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Independent Variable

Trade credit management is considered very important in the field of finance for most of the firms. This study throws light on the management of current assets and current liabilities in relation to the trade credit. Trade credit has been a growing source of finance of industrial sector in Pakistan. In this study, the main aim is to analyze the role of trade credit in upgradation of cement sector. To achieve this object, data was taken from the annual financial reports of 17 firms listed cement sector in Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX). The analyses have been carried out by using the data of 8 years, starting from year 2007 to 2014. Apparently not much work has been done to find out the success or failure of the business units selling cement on credit terms under market conditions prevailing in Pakistan. It was interesting to study the relation of trade credit and sales growth with respect to a developing nation like Pakistan. Panel data (fixed effect) model was used for the estimation of results decided on the basis of Hausman test. In addition to use of trade credit as independent variable, control variables (age, size and lagged sales growth) were also added in the model. Findings of the study show that trade credit has very significant positive affect on sales growth of the firms proclaiming the recommendation for the use of trade credit to enhance the revenues.

scholarly journals Determinan Kemiskinan di Provinsi Jawa Tengah Tahun 2011-2014

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-242
Author(s):  
Emi Megawati ◽  
Lesta Karolina Br Sebayang
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Simultaneous Test ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Central Java Province

Berdasarkan data dari BPS, kemiskinan di Provinsi Jawa Tengah pada tahun 2011-2014 masih berada di peringkat kedua setelah DI Yogyakarta di Pulau Jawa-Bali. Penelitian ini menggunakan data panel dengan pendekatan Fixed Effect Model (FEM) dengan metode Generalized Least Square (GLS). Sumber data yang diperoleh dari Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) dan Direktorat Jendral Perimbangan Keuangan Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa variabel IPM berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap kemiskinan di Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Sedangkan variabel PDRB dan pembiayaan pendidikan berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap kemiskinan di Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Hasil uji secara bersama-sama menunjukan bahwa secara keseluruhan variabel bebas secara bersama-sama dapat menunjukan pengaruhnya terhadap kemiskinan. nilai dari Adjusted R2 sebesar 0,995 yang berarti 99,5 persen kemiskinan dapat dijelaskan oleh variabel bebas. Sedangkan sisanya 0,50 persen dijelaskan oleh variabel di luar model. Based on data from BPS, during years 2011-2014 Central Java Province are in number 2 after DI Yogyakarta in Java-Bali. This research use panel data with Fixed Effect Model (FEM) approach and by using Geberalized Square (GLS) method. The data source is secondary data are obtained from the Central Statistics Agency and the Directorate General of Financial Balance Indonesia. The result of this research show that HDI variable give the negative and significant influence to the poverty in Central Java province. GDRP and financing of education not significant influence to the poverty in Central Java province. Simultaneous test results showed that, overall, the independent variable (HDI, GDRP and financing of education) together can show its effect on poverty. the value of Adjusted R2 of 0,995, which means 99,5 percent of poverty can be explained by the independent variable. While the remaining 0,50 percent is explained by variables outside the model.

scholarly journals Daya Saing dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Negara Berkembang ASEAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Fadeli Yusuf Afif ◽  
Ukhti Ciptawaty
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Labor Participation ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Asean Countries

The purpose of this study is to look at the condition of the country's competitiveness and its influence on ASEAN economic growth. The data used consists of panel data consisting of time series data for 2009 - 2019 and a cross section of five ASEAN countries with the highest level of competitiveness. The variables used are economic growth, competitiveness, labor participation, and foreign direct investment. The analysis tool used is panel data regression, the Fixed Effect Model (FEM). The results show that competitiveness, labor participation, and foreign direct investment have a positive and significant effect on economic growth in the five developing ASEAN countries.   Keywords: ASEAN, Competitiveness, Economic Growth, and Fixed Effect Model (FEM).

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF BUSINESS TRUST, CONSUMER CONFIDENCE AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN G20 COUNTRIES

MBIA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-151
Author(s):  
Hardiansa Nur Syahputra ◽  
Marselina Marselina ◽  
Neli Aida
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Consumer Confidence ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Information And Communication

This study aims to analyze the condition of business trust, consumer trust, rule of law, developments in technology,information, and communication, and their influence on ASEAN economic growth. The data used is panel dataconsisting of time series data for 2009 – 2020 and a cross-section of 10 countries with the highest level of businessconfidence in G20 Member countries. The variables used are economic growth, conditions of business trust,consumer confidence, rule of law, development of technology, information, and communication. The analyticaltool used is panel data regression, namely the Fixed Effect Model (FEM). An increase in business confidence andconsumer confidence will have an impact on increasing economic growth. In the research results, business trust has the most influence. Keywords: Economic Growth, Conditions of Business Trust, and Consumer Confidence.   Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kondisi kepercayaan bisnis, kepercayaan konsumen, supremasi hukum, perkembangan teknologi, informasi, dan komunikasi, serta pengaruhnya terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi ASEAN. Data yang digunakan adalah data panel yang terdiri dari data time series tahun 2009 – 2020 dan cross section dari 10 negara dengan tingkat kepercayaan bisnis tertinggi di negara-negara Anggota G20. Variabel yang digunakan adalah pertumbuhan ekonomi, kondisi kepercayaan bisnis, kepercayaan konsumen, supremasi hukum, perkembangan teknologi, informasi, dan komunikasi. Alat analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi data panel yaitu Fixed Effect Model (FEM). Meningkatnya kepercayaan bisnis dan kepercayaan konsumen akan berdampak pada peningkatan pertumbuhan ekonomi. Dalam hasil penelitian, kepercayaan bisnis memiliki pengaruh paling besar. Kata Kunci: Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Kepercayaan Bisnis, dan Kepercayaan Konsumen.  

ANALISIS PENGARUH RASIO LIKUIDITAS, RASIO PROFITABILITAS, RASIO SOLVABILITAS DAN RASIO PASAR TERHADAP HARGA SAHAM PADA PERUSAHAAN YANG BERADA PADA INDEKS LQ45 DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Dilawatil Hikmah
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Effect Model

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk menguji pengaruh rasio likuiditas (CR), rasio profitabilitas (NPM, ROA, ROE, EPS), rasio solvabilitas (DER) dan rasio pasar (PER) terhadap harga saham (Y) pada perusahaan yang berada pada indeks LQ45 di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan laporan keuangan anggota emiten LQ45 periode Januari 2014 yang selama 5 tahun eksis dari Februari 2009 sampai Januari 2014. Metode sampel yang digunakan adalah purpose sampling (sampling bersyarat). Adapun jumlah sampel yang terpilih memenuhi syarat sebanyak 21 emiten dari 45 emiten. Teknis analisis data menggunakan Eviews 7.1 yaitu dengan metode cross sectional weight dengan pendekatan fixed effect model. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara bersama-sama maupun secara parsial variabel CR, NPM, ROA, ROE, EPS, DER, dan PER memiliki pengaruh terhadap harga saham. Namun variabel yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap harga saham adalah NPM dan PER. Maka para investor dapat menilai kinerja perusahaan dengan melihat dari rasio keuangan dan melakukan penilaian terhadap harga saham sehingga dengan mudah dapat menentukan saham yang baik sebelum berinvestasi di BEI.

Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms and the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS): A Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamidreza Totonchi ◽  
Ramazan Rezaei ◽  
Shokoofe Noori ◽  
Negar Azarpira ◽  
Pooneh Mokarram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Receptor ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Vdr Gene ◽  
Effect Model

Introduction: Several studies have assessed the association between the vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphism and risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, the results were inconsistent and inconclusive. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to clarify the exact association between the vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms and the risk of MetS. Methods: All accessible studies reporting the association between the FokI (rs2228570) or / and TaqI (rs731236) or/and BsmI (rs1544410) or/and ApaI (rs7975232 polymorphisms of the Vitamin D Receptor and susceptibility to MetS published prior to February 2019 were systematically searched in Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed. After that, Odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated to evaluate the strength of the association in five genetic models. Results: A total of 9 articles based on four gene variations, and comprising 3348 participants with 1779 metabolic syndrome patients were included. The overall results suggested a significant association between BsmI (rs1544410) polymorphism and MetS susceptibility in recessive model (OR, 0.72, 95% CI, 0.55-0.95, fixed effect model), allelic model (OR, 0.83, 95% CI, 0.72-0.95, fixed effect model), and bb vs BB (OR, 0.65, 95% CI, 0.46-0.93, fixed effect). However, no significant association was identified between TaqI (rs731236) polymorphism, ApaI (rs7975232) polymorphism, and FokI (rs2228570) polymorphism and MetS. Conclusion: This meta-analysis suggested an association between the BsmI (rs1544410) polymorphism and MetS. Indeed, BsmI (rs1544410) acts as a protective factor in the MetS. As a result, the VDR gene could be regarded as a promising pharmacological and physiological target in prevention or treatment of the MetS.

Determinan Kelaparan di Indonesia Tahun 2015-2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 547-556
Author(s):  
Daniel M V Mone ◽  
Efri Diah Utami
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Seemingly Unrelated Regression ◽  
Unrelated Regression ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Development Goals

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) adalah sebuah perencana aksi berskala global yang disepakati oleh para pemimpin dunia, termasuk Indonesia dengan tujuan mendorong pembangunan sosial, ekonomi dan lingkungan hidup. Salah satu dari 17 tujuan SDGs adalah mengakhiri kelaparan. Berdasarkan data yang dirilis Badan Pusat Statistik, salah satu pendekatan untuk mengukur tingkat kelaparan adalah proporsi penduduk dengan asupan kalori minimum di bawah 1400 kkal/kapita/hari.  Proporsi penduduk dengan asupan kalori minimum di bawah 1400 kkal/kapita/hari di Indonesia masih cukup tinggi dan terus mengalami peningkatan dari tahun 2017 hingga 2019. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana gambaran umum dari tingkat kelaparan dan variabel-variabel yang diduga mempengaruhinya, serta  bagaimana pengaruh variabel-variabel tersebut terhadap tingkat kelaparan di Indonesia tahun 2015-2019. Hasil dari penelitian ini dapat digunakan untuk merumuskan kebijakan-kebijakan guna penuntasan kelaparan di Indonesia. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi data panel dengan menggunakan  fixed effect model yang diestimasi dengan metode Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR). Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap tingkat kelaparan adalah pengeluaran makanan dan harga beras, sedangkan jumlah penduduk miskin dan pendapatan perkapita tidak berpengaruh signifikan.

scholarly journals Exchange Rate, Uncertainty and Foreign Direct Investment Inflow in West African Monetary Zone

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perekunah B. Eregha
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Exchange Rate Volatility ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
West African ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Exchange Rate Movements ◽  
Global Shocks

Exchange-rate movements are mostly unpredictable, and this tends to affect both trade and foreign investment flows. This is because foreign investors are unclear on the returns to investment decisions in such cases. Hence, this study examines the effect of exchange rate, its volatility and uncertainty on foreign direct investment (FDI) inflow in West African monetary zone (WAMZ). The study covers the period1980–2014, and the within estimator for the fixed effect model is employed. The study accounts for both exchange rate volatility and uncertainty measures which are anticipated and unanticipated exchange rate innovations measures, respectively. The results show that exchange-rate movements in WAMZ countries are more of unanticipated than anticipated innovations in affecting FDI inflow. Therefore, policies aimed at targeting exchange-rate stability are essential in the WAMZ countries since investors are profit maximizers; hence, investment uncertainties must be kept as low as possible. Also since WAMZ export sectors are primary products based, policies should be geared towards the diversification of the export sectors to combat unanticipated global shocks from commodity prices movement in having an effect on the exchange rate through the foreign exchange reserve channel.

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