Vigor Testing of 15 Lots of Soybean (Glycine max L.) Seeds Stored for 12 Months at Low Temperatures

The purpose of this study was to determine the vigor growth strength of Anjasmoro, Grobogan, and Burangrang seed varieties based on three doses categories of SP-36 fertilizer stored for 12 months. The treatment was done separately by separating 15 seed lots. The mean value was determined using the Orthogonal contrast test. The results showed that the large-seeded soybean varieties (Grobogan and Burangrang) had higher seed vigor compared to the small-seeded soybean varieties (Anjasmoro) based on the variables of the germination speed, vigor index, normal dry weight, germination growth, and maximum growth potential. The Grobogan variety produced higher seed vigor than Burangrang variety based on vigor index and germination. Anjasmoro and Grobogan varieties without fertilization produced a lower vigor compared to the one with recommended fertilizer doses (100 and 150 kg/ha) and above the recommended fertilizer doses (200 and 250 kg/ha) based on the rate of germination growth and the vigor index. Grobogan variety with recommended fertilizer dose (100 kg/ha) had the highest seed vigor compared to other varieties. Pengujian Vigor 15 Lot Benih Kedelai (Glycine Max L.) Yang Disimpan 12 Bulan Pada Suhu RendahABSTRAK: Tujuan penelitian ini untuk Mengetahui vigor kekuatan tumbuh benih kombinasi Varietas Anjasmoro, Grobogan, dan Burangrang pada tiga kategori dosis pupuk SP-36 yang telah disimpan 12 bulan. Rancangan perlakuan disusun secara tunggal yaitu 15 lot benih dan pemisahan nilai tengah menggunakan uji Orthogonal contrass. Hasil penelitian menunjukan varietas kedelai berbiji besar (Grobogan dan burangrang) lebih tinggi vigor benihnya dari varietas kedelai berbiji kecil (Anjasmoro) berdasarkan variabel kecepatan perkecamabahan, indeks vigor, bobot kering kecambah normal, daya berkecamabah dan potensi tumbuh maksimum. Perbandingan varietas Grobogan menghasilkan vigor benih yang lebih tinggi dari varietas Burangrang berdasarkan variabel indeks vigor dan daya berkecambah. Varietas Anjasmoro dan Grobogan tanpa pemupukan menghasilkan vigor yang lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan penambahan dosis pupuk rekomendasi (100 dan 150 kg/ha) dan diatas rekomendasi (200 dan 250 kg/ha) berdasrkan variavel kecepatan perkecmabahan dan indeks vigor. Varietas Grobogan dengan penambahan dosis rekomendasi (100 kg/ha) memiliki vigor benih yang paling tinggi dibandingkan perbandingan lainnya.

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RESPONSE to Trichoderma spp. ON SEED VIGOR INDEX AND DRY WEIGHT OF RICE VARIETY SIRANDAH BATUAMPA VARIETY

Jurnal Biologi dan Pembelajarannya (JB&P) ◽

10.29407/jbp.v8i1.15606 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Rahmi Zahri Zani ◽

Azwir Anhar

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Rice Variety ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Seed Priming ◽

Mean Value ◽

Seed Vigor ◽

Trichoderma Spp ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Vigor Index ◽

Plant Growth Promoting

Rice is a staple food crop for some Indonesians. To increase rice production, various efforts have been made, one of which is seed priming using biofertilizers. Biofertilizer or biological fertilizer uses microorganisms that are used as plant growth boosters. The microorganisms used to act as PGPF (Plant Growth Promoting Fungi) are Trichoderma spp. Trichoderma spp. widely used because it can trigger plant growth. This study aims to determine the response of Trichoderma spp. to the seed vigor index and dry weight of rice sprouts of sirandah batuampa variety. The research method is experimental research using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 6 treatments and 3 replications. Parameters observed were seed vigor index and sprouts dry weight. The results showed that Trichoderma spp. had no significant effect on seed vigor index and sprouts dry weight. Judging from the mean value, the seed vigor index of SBT, SRBA, and KRT had better values than the control, as well as the dry weight of sprouts with the provision of SBT, SRBA, and SB isolates. This shows Trichoderma spp. This gave a positive response to the Sirandah Batuampa variety.

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Harvesting Criteria and Drying Methods to Improve the Quality of Foxtail Millet Seeds (Setaria italica L. Beauv.)

Journal of Tropical Crop Science ◽

10.29244/jtcs.8.03.168-176 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (03) ◽

pp. 168-176

Author(s):

Putri Aulia Lainufar ◽

Abdul Qadir ◽

M. Rahmad Suhartanto ◽

Sintho Wahyuning Ardie

Keyword(s):

Seed Quality ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Foxtail Millet ◽

Seed Viability ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Maximum Growth ◽

Growth Potential ◽

Growth Speed ◽

Vigor Index

Foxtail millet is annual grasses with grains that are smaller than those of sorghum, rice, and wheat, and is considered one of the minor economic crops but with nutritional values similar to other major food crops. The development of millet as major cereal crop is considered challenging due to the low quality of its seeds, and studies have been conducted to improve millet’s seed quality. We conducted this study to determine the harvesting criteria of foxtail millet seeds based on the change in color of the panicles. We also wanted to determine the drying treatment, and evaluate the relationship between the position of the seed on the panicles and the seed viability and vigor. The first experiment was arranged based on a completely randomized design with panicle color as the first factor (green, yellow 75%, and brown) and drying time as the second factor (0 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours). The second experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with seed position as the main factor (base, middle, tip). The study was conducted on two genotypes of millet, i.e. “BOTOK 4” and “BOTOK 10”. The highest seed quality of “BOTOK 4” and “BOTOK 10” genotypes were obtained when the panicles were brown and dried for 72 hours; the seed chlorophyll content was the lowest and water content was 8.88%, with the highest viability and vigor, i.e., germination rate of 88.3%-90%, maximum growth potential of 92%-95.3%, normal sprout dry weight 596-620 mg, vigor index of 33.6% - 21.6%, and growth rate of 18.2%-17.1% etmal-1. The highest seed viability and vigor in “BOTOK 4” genotypes were obtained from the base position, i.e., 78.7% germination rate, maximum growth potential of 83.7%, vigor index of 56.5%, growth speed of 19.6 etmal-1, normal sprout dry weight of 48 mg, radicle length of 3.3 cm) and “BOTOK 10” genotypes from the middle position with 91.5% germination, maximum growth potential of 97.2%, vigor index of 21.7%, growth speed of 17.0% etmal-1, and normal sprout dry weight 61 mg.

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PENGARUH PERLAKUAN SUHU DAN BEBERAPA GENOTIPE TERHADAP VIABILITAS DAN VIGOR BENIH KUBIS BUNGA (BRASSICA OLERACEA VAR. BOTRYTIS L.) PADA DATARAN RENDAH

MEDIAGRO ◽

10.31942/md.v17i1.4093 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lestari Maulana ◽

Elia Azizah ◽

Winda Rianti ◽

Sugiarto Sugiarto

Keyword(s):

Room Temperature ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Maximum Growth ◽

Temperature Treatment ◽

Growth Potential ◽

F1 Hybrid ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Vigor Index ◽

Before And After ◽

Refrigerator Temperature

The aim of this study was to obtain the best temperature on several genotypes so as to increase the best viability and vigour of cauliflower seeds in the lowlands. The research was conducted at the Laboratory Agronomy, OPT and Soil Biotechnology Faculty of Agriculture, Singaperbangsa Karawang University. The research method used was an experimental method with a two-factor completely randomized design (CRD). The first factor is temperature which consists of room temperature without air conditioning (P0), air-conditioned room temperature (P1) and refrigerator temperature (P2). The second factor is genotypes consisting of Viola (B1), Tegar 45 (B2), Snow Waltz (B3), Jayanti (B4), Giga (B5), Snow White (B6), Diamond (B7), Orient (B8). , Roo So 45 (B9), Forum (B10), Bima (B11), F1 Hybrid (B12) and Arjuna (B13). Each treatment was repeated 2 times so that 78 experiments were obtained and 2 times planting (before and after storage). The results of the pre-storage experiment showed that there was no interaction between temperature treatment and several genotypes, but in the post-storage experiment, there were an interaction with the parameters of germination, concurrency of growth, vigor index and maximum growth potential, while for parameters of moisture content, normal germinated dry weight and length of sprouts. indicates there is no interaction. The best treatment was room temperature without AC genotype Roo So 45 (P0B9). Keywords: Cabbage flower, genotype, temperature, , viability, vigour.

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Admixing Chaff with Straw Increased the Residues Collected without Compromising Machinery Efficiencies

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13071766 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 1766 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Alessandro Suardi ◽

Sergio Saia ◽

Walter Stefanoni ◽

Carina Gunnarsson ◽

Martin Sundberg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Production ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Global Scale ◽

Unit Weight ◽

Residual Biomass ◽

Energy Needs ◽

The Mean ◽

Field Efficiency ◽

The One ◽

Staple Crop

The collection of residues from staple crop may contribute to meet EU regulations in renewable energy production without harming soil quality. At a global scale, chaff may have great potential to be used as a bioenergy source. However, chaff is not usually collected, and its loss can consist of up to one-fifth of the residual biomass harvestable. In the present work, a spreader able to manage the chaff (either spreading [SPR] on the soil aside to the straw swath or admixed [ADM] with the straw) at varying threshing conditions (with either 1 or 2 threshing rotors [1R and 2R, respectively] in the combine, which affects the mean length of the straw pieces). The fractions of the biomass available in field (grain, chaff, straw, and stubble) were measured, along with the performances of both grain harvesting and baling operations. Admixing chaff allowed for a slightly higher amount of straw fresh weight baled compared to SPR (+336 kg straw ha−1), but such result was not evident on a dry weight basis. At the one time, admixing chaff reduced the material capacity of the combine by 12.9%. Using 2R compared to 1R strongly reduced the length of the straw pieces, and increased the bale unit weight; however, it reduced the field efficiency of the grain harvesting operations by 11.9%. On average, the straw loss did not vary by the treatments applied and was 44% of the total residues available (computed excluding the stubble). In conclusion, admixing of chaff with straw is an option to increase the residues collected without compromising grain harvesting and straw baling efficiencies; in addition, it can reduce the energy needs for the bale logistics. According to the present data, improving the chaff collection can allow halving the loss of residues. However, further studies are needed to optimise both the chaff and the straw recoveries.

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Implications of the Regional Earthquake Likelihood Models test of earthquake forecasts in California

Research in Geophysics ◽

10.4081/rg.2012.e10 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 10 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Michael Karl Sachs ◽

Ya-Ting Lee ◽

Donald Turcotte ◽

James R. Holliday ◽

John B. Rundle

Keyword(s):

Conditional Probability ◽

Mean Value ◽

Test Area ◽

Test Period ◽

Future Earthquake ◽

The Mean ◽

The One ◽

Earthquake Likelihood Models ◽

Regional Earthquake

The Regional Earthquake Likelihood Models (RELM) test was the first competitive comparison of prospective earthquake forecasts. The test was carried out over 5 years from 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2010 over a region that included all of California. The test area was divided into 7682 0.1°x0.1° spatial cells. Each submitted forecast gave the predicted numbers of earthquakes Nemi larger than M=4.95 in 0.1 magnitude bins for each cell. In this paper we present a method that separates the forecast of the number of test earthquakes from the forecast of their locations. We first obtain the number Nem of forecast earthquakes in magnitude bin m. We then determine the conditional probability λemi=Nemi/Nem that an earthquake in magnitude bin m will occur in cell i. The summation of λemi over all 7682 cells is unity. A random (no skill) forecast gives equal values of λemi for all spatial cells and magnitude bins. The skill of a forecast, in terms of the location of the earthquakes, is measured by the success in assigning large values of λemi to the cells in which earthquakes occur and low values of λemi to the cells where earthquakes do not occur. Thirty-one test earthquakes occurred in 27 different combinations of spatial cells i and magnitude bins m, we had the highest value of λemi for that mi cell. We evaluate the performance of eleven submitted forecasts in two ways. First, we determine the number of mi cells for which the forecast λemi was the largest, the best forecast is the one with the highest number. Second, we determine the mean value of λemi for the 27 mi cells for each forecast. The best forecast has the highest mean value of λemi. The success of a forecast during the test period is dependent on the allocation of the probabilities λemi between the mi cells, since the sum over the mi cells is unity. We illustrate the forecast distributions of λemi and discuss their differences. We conclude that the RELM test was successful in illustrating the choices required when a forecast of the location of a future earthquake is made.

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Inorganic Bromide in Higher Fungi

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-1984-9-1001 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 39 (9-10) ◽

pp. 863-866 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

T. Stijve

Keyword(s):

Trace Element ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Mean Value ◽

Inorganic Salts ◽

Chromatographic Methods ◽

The Mean ◽

High Concentrations

Abstract A total of 138 samples of higher fungi, representing 35 species (15 belonging to the genus Amanita), were analysed for the trace element bromine using spectrophotometric and gas chromatographic methods. High concentrations of bromine, up to 100 mg/kg on dry weight, were encountered in Amanitaceae, especially in members of the subsections Phalloideae and Eu-Amanita, whereas in other fungi the mean value for this element was only 3,3 m g/kg. Some bromine-accumulating Amanitas also contained unusually high chlorine levels. Am aximum concentration of 3 percent on dry weight was measured in A. phalloides. It could be demonstrated that most, if not all of bromine and chlorine was present in the fungi as ionisable inorganic salts. Two organochlorine metabolites, previously reported in some mushrooms, were absent in A. phalloides and A. muscaria.

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Further Analysis of Ration and Growth Relationship of Plaice (Pleuronectes platessa)

Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada ◽

10.1139/f69-305 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 26 (12) ◽

pp. 3237-3241 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Samir Zaky Rafail

Keyword(s):

Maximum Growth ◽

Growth Efficiency ◽

Growth Increment ◽

Mean Value ◽

Pleuronectes Platessa ◽

Growth Increments ◽

Power Equation ◽

The Mean ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Weight Groups

Evidence is given that the average daily rations (R) and fortnightly growth increments (ΔW) of six weight groups of Pleuronectes platessa fed on Mytilus edulis are related as in the power equation ±(ΔW−ΔWm) = ±b(|R–Rm|)B. Rm is the daily ration associated with the growth increment (ΔWm) at maximum growth efficiency; b and B are parameters. The power B has a mean value of about 0.5 and shows significant deviations from the mean especially in the case of smaller fish.

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Fertility investigations on the black earth wheatlands of the Darling Downs, Queensland. III. Mineral nitrogen in the soil and its relation to the wheat crop

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9600027 ◽

1960 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 27 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

SA Waring ◽

LJH Teakle

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Mean Value ◽

Mineral Nitrogen ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

Nitrogen Accumulation ◽

A Value ◽

The Mean ◽

The One ◽

Growing Crop

The level of mineral nitrogen in the soil under fallow and crop was measured for the years 1951 to 1953. Relationships of mineral nitrogen at planting to yield and nitrogen content of wheat grain and straw were examined. Values for nitrate nitrogen at the end of the fallow period ranged most commonly from 10 to 20 µg/g in the surface 2 ft and from 0 to 10 µg/g at 2-4 ft. Approximately one-third of the sites showed an increase from the third to the fourth foot. One site showed extremely high values throughout the profile, particularly at 3-4 ft where a value of 127 µg/g was recorded. Values for ammonia nitrogen were most commonly in the range of 0-3 µg/g . Under the growing crop, mineral nitrogen declined for most depths in the period from planting up to September or October, after which there was little further change to harvest. Uptake of mineral nitrogen was normally greatest from the surface 2 ft of soil. Below 3 ft there were two groups of sites. One group showed moderate to high uptake and the second group low uptake. The low uptake in the latter group provides a reason for mineral nitrogen accumulation below 3 ft at some sites. Mineral nitrogen to 4 ft at planting averaged 126 lb/ac, excluding the one site with exceptionally high values. This was double the mean value of 63 lb/ac for nitrogen recovered in grain and straw, for crops planted in May-June. These figures, combined with trends in the soil under crop, suggest that most of the nitrogen used by the crop was derived from that in the soil at planting. Correlations between mineral nitrogen at planting and grain yield were mostly non-significant, suggesting that in general nitrogen was not an important factor limiting yield. Low grain yield and protein percentage were recorded at a number of sites which had been cultivated more than 50 years.

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Evaluation by grafting technique of changes in the contribution of root-to-shoot development and biomass production in soybean (Glycine max) cultivars released from 1929 to 2006 in China

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp19052 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 70 (7) ◽

pp. 585 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xiaoning Cao ◽

Tingting Wu ◽

Shi Sun ◽

Cunxiang Wu ◽

Caijie Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glycine Max ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Root Traits ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Shoot Development ◽

Node Number ◽

Grafting Technique ◽

Glycine Max L ◽

Soybean Roots

Root traits are essential for optimising nutrient and water absorption and anchorage. However, changes in root traits and the contribution of root-to-shoot growth and development of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) across a century of breeding are poorly documented. In this study, we adopted a grafting technique, using 55 cultivars released in the three main soybean-production regions in China as rootstocks in a pot experiment and 24 cultivars from the Yellow-Huai-Hai Valley (YHH) region as rootstocks in a field experiment, with cv. Zigongdongdou as the common scion. Changes in soybean roots, including dry weight (DW) of roots, lateral root number (LRN) and taproot length (TRL), and their contribution to shoot development and biomass formation, including shoot DW, plant height and node number, were evaluated under optimal conditions in 2011. Aboveground traits declined with year of release in the YHH region and did not vary over time in the northern Heilongjiang province and mid-south Heilongjiang region except for shoot DW. The root traits root DW, LRN and TRL were similar over years of release in the pot and field experiments. The results suggest that the newer cultivars have lesser shoot growth and root capacity but the same amount of root growth as older cultivars. Root traits did not change during selection, suggesting that improvement in soybean root traits should be an aim in future breeding.

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III. On the uneliminated instrumental error in the observations of magnetic dip

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London ◽

10.1098/rspl.1868.0085 ◽

1869 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

pp. 427-429

Keyword(s):

Mean Value ◽

Usual Method ◽

Centre Of Gravity ◽

Single Reading ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference ◽

The One ◽

Number Of Passes ◽

Source Of Error ◽

Complete Observation

A single reading of one end of a dipping-needle placed in a dip-circle provided with microscopes for observing is liable to a variety of instrumental errors, which are eliminated by taking the mean of the sixteen readings of the two ends in the eight different positions included in a complete observation. Nevertheless it is found that with the best modern instruments a mean value results from these sixteen observations different for each different needle, and that the difference between the results obtained with two different needles is not the same at all times. The irregularities in the values of the dip observed at Bombay with two needles of excellent character made by Barrow of London, led the author to investigate the effect of a hypothetical irregularity in the shape of the axle of the needle, such that a section of the axle by a plane perpendicular to its axis would be elliptical instead of circular in form. Another source of error, which was brought to the notice of the Royal Society many years ago in a paper published in the Proceedings, is the displacement of the centre of gravity of the needle from the centre of the axle, combined with inequality in the magnetization of the needle when the poles are direct and reversed. Experience has led the author to the conclusion that the usual method of magnetization, by a definite number of passes of the same pair of bar-magnets, communicates magnetism to the needle very unequally when the one end of the needle is made north and when the other end is made north. Consequently it is advisable to investigate the effects of ellipticity of the axle and of displacement of the centre of gravity at the same time, which the author proceeds to do.

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