Untersuchung von Ionischen Flüssigkeiten unter Stromfluss

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 32-40
Author(s):  
Yasmin Korth ◽  
Susanne Beyer-Faiß
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Damage Mechanism ◽  
Conductivity Measurements ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Electrical Currents ◽  
World Energy ◽  
Joint Research Project ◽  
World Energy Consumption

Every year 23 % of the world energy consumption is caused by friction and wear. Especially now and in future bearings and gear boxes will be exposed to electrical currents so lubricants have to prevent the components from new damage mechanism. The usage of Ionic Liquids as conductible lubricant additives is in discussion for a longer period of time, but right now it was not investigated how these liquids could be affect by electrical currents itself. Generally, lubricants in industry are compounded by base oils, additives, and thickeners. All these ingredients are isolators and not able to discharge electrical currents. In these joint research project, different Ionic Liquids with different conductivities have been exposed to defined electrical currents. For that experiments a new current feed setup has been developed, where the liquids and model lubricants were exposed to electrical currents under temperature control. The influence on the liquids by the current feed was chemically quantified by using IR-Spectroscopy, rheology and conductivity measurements. The Ionic Liquids react, depending on their chemical structure, very different on the current feeds, some of them has been destroyed totally.

scholarly journals AFX Zeolite for Use as a Support of NH3-SCR Catalyst Mining through AICE Joint Research Project of Industries–Academia–Academia

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Masaru Ogura ◽  
Yumiko Shimada ◽  
Takeshi Ohnishi ◽  
Naoto Nakazawa ◽  
Yoshihiro Kubota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Ionic Species ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Structure Directing Agent ◽  
Scr Catalyst ◽  
Organic Structure ◽  
Nh3 Scr ◽  
Joint Research Project ◽  
The One

This paper introduces a joint industries–academia–academia research project started by researchers in several automobile companies and universities working on a single theme. Our first target was to find a zeolite for NH3-SCR, that is, zeolite mining. Zeolite AFX, having the same topology of SSZ-16, was found to be the one of the zeolites. SSZ-16 can be synthesized by using an organic structure-directing agent such as 1,1′-tetramethylenebis(1-azonia-4-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane; Dab-4, resulting in the formation of Al-rich SSZ-16 with Si/Al below five. We found that AFX crystallized by use of N,N,N′,N′-tetraethylbicyclo[2.2.2]oct-7-ene-2,3:5,6-dipyrrolidinium ion, called TEBOP in this study, had the same analog as SSZ-16 having Si/Al around six and a smaller particle size than SSZ-16. The AFX demonstrated a high performance for NH3-SCR as the zeolitic support to load a large number of divalent Cu ionic species with high hydrothermal stability.

scholarly journals What sparks academic engagement with society? A comparison of incentives appealing to motives

2021 ◽  
pp. 095042222199406
Author(s):  
Eva Sormani ◽  
Thomas Baaken ◽  
Peter van der Sijde
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Academic Engagement ◽  
Career Advancement ◽  
Self Determination Theory ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Third Mission ◽  
Research Support ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Subject Design ◽  
Joint Research Project

The pressure on higher education institutions (HEIs) to realize third mission activities continues to grow, intensifying the search for incentives to motivate academics to engage with stakeholders outside their HEI. Previous studies have found limitations in intrinsically motivating academic engagement; therefore, this study investigates the extrinsic regulation of motivations via incentives. The authors identified a broad range of incentives for third mission activities, belonging to four motivation categories: pecuniary incentives, career advancement, appreciation and research support. Drawing on self-determination theory, incentives (nudges and rewards) are empirically compared in a between-subject design with a sample of 324 academics from the business and economics disciplines. The analysis showed that nudges affect business and economics academics’ intention to engage with society in a joint research project. Furthermore, these academics responded well to incentives concerned with the research support motivation category. The findings contribute to the literature by highlighting the relevance of marginal incentives—nudges—in implementing appropriate incentives in HEIs.

Corporate Finance in Germany and France. A Joint Research Project of the Deutsche Bundesbank and the Banque de France

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Friderichs ◽  
Dieter Gerdesmeier ◽  
Elisabeth M. Kremp ◽  
Bernard Paranque ◽  
Annie Sauve ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Finance ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Joint Research Project ◽  
Deutsche Bundesbank

Application of Statistical Taguchi Method to Optimize Main Elements in the Residential Buildings in Malaysia Based Energy Consumption

2014 ◽  
Vol 606 ◽  
pp. 265-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Mojib Zahraee ◽  
Milad Hatami ◽  
Ali Asghar Bavafa ◽  
Kambiz Ghafourian ◽  
Jafri Mohd Rohani
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Taguchi Method ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Warming Climate ◽  
World Energy ◽  
Optimum Energy ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
World Energy Consumption

Today energy consumption is one of the controversial issues in the world. The rapid growing world energy consumption has already increased concern about the supply problems, heavy environmental effects such as global warming, climate change and etc. One of the most users of energy is residential buildings that consume the biggest share of energy. Growth in population, rising demand for buildings together causes to increase the upward trend in energy consumption. Therefore, energy efficiency in buildings plays a significant role to decrease the environmental effect. The goal of this paper is optimizing the main elements which are window, ceiling and wall by considering the effect of uncontrollable factors such as humidity , temperature and pressure in residential buildings using statistical method namely Taguchi method (JMP 11 software). A two-storey house in Malaysia was selected to simulate by means of BIM application. Based on the result, the optimum energy saving will be achieved when the type of material which are used for wall ,ceiling and window to be Brick Plaster , Acoustic Tile Suspended and Single Glazed Alum Frame respectively.

Synthesis and Characterization of Alkeyl Imidazolium Ionic Liquids

2014 ◽  
Vol 1048 ◽  
pp. 452-455
Author(s):  
Qiang Wang ◽  
Shi Dong Wang ◽  
Ming Chen Qi ◽  
Shu Liang Zang
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Direct Synthesis ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Spectra Analysis ◽  
Infrared Spectrometer ◽  
Liquid Salts ◽  
Structure Of Matter

Two new imidazole ionic liquid salts, 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([AMIM]Cl) and 1-allyl-3-methy-imidazolium hydrogen sulfate ([EMIM]HSO4), were synthesized with direct synthesis and two-step synthesis method, using a viscosity meter, PH meter, conductivity meter, densitometer, infrared spectrometer determined its chemical structure and properties. The results show that two ionic liquids in the range is slightly different, the trend is roughly same. As the temperature increases, the viscosity decreases, PH gradually increased, the density decreases slightly, can be regarded as constant, the conductivity gradually increased. Ionic liquids of the two IR spectra analysis show its structure and synthetic route consistent with the structure of matter.

A review on tribological performance of ionic liquids as additives to bio lubricants

2020 ◽  
pp. 135065012097380
Author(s):  
Tehreem Naveed ◽  
Rehan Zahid ◽  
Riaz Ahmad Mufti ◽  
Muhammad Waqas ◽  
Muhammad Talha Hanif
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Tribological Performance ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Oil Reserves ◽  
Mineral Oils ◽  
The Past ◽  
Interacting Surfaces

All the moving components in an internal combustion engine require a lubricant that allows smooth sliding and/or rolling of interacting surfaces. Lubricant not only minimizes the friction and wear but also dissipates the heat generated due to friction and removes debris from the area of contact. Environmental concerns, decreasing mineral oil reserves and difficult disposal of nonbiodegradable conventional lubricants have urged the researchers to shift towards environmental-friendly lubricants. Number of tribological studies carried out in the past have proved that ionic liquid-based bio-lubricants are sustainable and biodegradable alternative to mineral oils. This paper presents a brief review of properties of ionic liquids and their ability to reduce friction and wear between the interacting surfaces. Tribological performance and compatibility of ionic liquids with various base-oils have been compared under boundary lubrication. The results reveal that phosphonium-based ionic liquids namely tetra-decyl tri-hexyl phosphonium bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinate (P66614)i(C8)2PO2 and tri-hexyl tetra-decyl phosphonium bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (P-DEHP) are more suitable for tribological applications. Since, ionic liquids can be tailored according to the application and millions of combinations are possible therefore, there is a need to summarize the published data in a more systematic and logical way.

Backbone for Escape, Evacuation and Rescue From Arctic Facilities: A Systematic Approach

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Longrée ◽  
Sven Hoog
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Operating Personnel ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Joint Research Project ◽  
Arctic Ice ◽  
The Impact

In turn of the global warming and driven by the constant need for resources an increasing number of commercial and scientific activities conquer the Arctic in order to benefit from almost untouched resources like oil and gas but also from the overwhelming nature. These activities are accompanied by a steadily increasing number of vessels transporting goods but also operating personnel, scientists or tourists. Especially the number of tourists visiting the Arctic can reach far more than 1000 per vessel, resulting in growing headaches for the responsible safety and security authorities in the Arctic surrounding countries. Up to now no suitable Escape, Evacuation and Rescue (EER) concept is in place to cope with these challenges when it comes to hazardous situations. In this context IMPaC ([1]) developed a new and appropriate EER concept for the Arctic, exceeding the currently dominant small and isolated settlements along the coastlines in Denmark (Greenland), Norway, Russia, Canada and the US. One question seems to be central: Is there any requirement and benefit beyond the currently used small rescue station? Yes, we strongly believe that there is a growing demand for suitable infrastructure coming from various industries. Beyond rescue objectives there is a demand for people working and living in this area all year long, for a few days, weeks or months using these settlements for their specific needs. This led us to the idea of the provision of a common-use infrastructure for multiple industries. The commonly used infrastructure maximizes the use of the remote and very expensive infrastructure and minimizes the impact on the environment in this part of the world. Potential users of this infrastructure would be: • Oil & Gas Industry, driven by the increased world energy demand • Marine Transport & Tourism Industry, driven by declined arctic ice and new sea routes via the Arctic sea • Fishery Industry • Scientific community Any EER concept for the Arctic has to cope with several specific environmental and spatial challenges as addressed by the EU joint research project ACCESS ([2]), where IMPaC participates. The paper introduces the new EER concept and focuses especially on its beneficial, efficient and safe operability in the Arctic recording an increasing number of commercial and scientific activities.

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