scholarly journals Dynamics Qf Urban Growth And Environmental Challenges: A Case Qf Kolkata, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Falguni Dey
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Functional Change ◽  
East India Company ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Gangetic Plain ◽  
Environmental Challenges ◽  
Linear Pattern

The history of development of Kolkata as a megacity in India dates back to 300 years. The scenario changed when the administrative headquarter of the British East India Company was established in erstwhile Calcutta, located at the bank of the River Hugli in the lower Gangetic plain. Since its inception, Kolkata has undergone rapid formal and functional change. Both national and international migration has led to the demographic explosion, urban industrial development and an increase in economic opportunities which caused environmental degradation. Until 1793, the urban dynamics of Kolkata followed a linear pattern along the left bank of the Hugli River. A similar trend continued along the right bank from 1793 to 1947 and extended up to its periphery post-independence. In this paper, an attempt was made to explore the influence of river ghats on the urban environment along the selected stretch of the River Hugli. Human activities like garbage disposal (0.089), sewage disposal (0.088) and idol immersion (0.084) have a negative impact on the river water. Secondly, this paper attempts to study the vertical expansion of Kolkata. It has been observed that the average height of buildings in the CBD area is 84.6 meters while along the peri-urban area it is only 10.61 meters proving the distance decay effect (R2 = 0.405 and R2 = 0.314). Besides, the mean values of DQ (5.179mg/l), BQD (8.5mg/l) and CQD (34.5mg/l) in the river water reflect the degrading water quality for the aquatic environment. Geospatial assessment techniques were used to understand the research problems and combat the environmental challenges. Complex functional development and decaying urban quality of life along the Hugli River has led to critical environmental transformation.

scholarly journals Role of Governance in Debt-Growth Relationship: Evidence from Panel Data Estimations

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 5954
Author(s):  
Qamar Abbas ◽  
Li Junqing ◽  
Muhammad Ramzan ◽  
Sumbal Fatima
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Linear Pattern ◽  
The Public ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
National Output ◽  
State Governance

This paper provides an empirical analysis of the relationship between debt and national output mediated by a measure of the quality of state governance. Using WGIs dataset of 106 countries for the period 1996–2015, the paper analyzes the mediated effect of governance on debt-growth relationship. For this purpose, we use the fixed effect (LSDV) and system GMM estimation technique in order to overcome the possible problem of endogeneity. Results show the non-linear pattern between public debt and economic growth via governance. Although, public debt has negative impact on economic growth, but the results are statistically positive and significant when public debt is interacted with governance, which confirms that governance is a channel by which public debt influences economic growth. Moreover, we calculate the threshold of governance which shows that the public debt has positive impact on economic growth when the governance level is higher than the threshold and adversely affects the economic growth in the case of low level of governance than threshold. Evidence from this study reveals the fact that governance plays a mediating role in debt-growth relationship as there is a pattern of complementarity between public debt and governance: the higher the level of governance, the lesser the adverse effect of public debt on economic growth.

scholarly journals Agglomeration and Urban Manufacture Labor Productivity in Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohanes Nurcahyo Agung Wibowo ◽  
Toshihiro Kudo
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Industrial Clusters ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Agglomeration Effect ◽  
Positive Externalities ◽  
The Government ◽  
Input Sharing

Agglomeration, the spatial concentration of industries in a specific location, has been argued to improve productivity since it could provide positive externalities such as knowledge spillover, input sharing, and labor pooling. This paper examines the effect of large and medium manufacturing industry (LMI) agglomeration on labor productivity. Measuring the output and labor density as agglomeration effect by using 2009-2014 panel data from 44 cities and regions across the metropolitan areas of Indonesia, this study shows that in terms of output share, agglomeration positively contributes to labor productivity. On the other hand, in terms of labor density, agglomeration results in a negative impact on productivity. These findings suggest the government should expand industrial clusters in less densely populated areas, especially outside the island of Java, by providing necessary infrastructures such as electricity, ports, and roads, so that this development creates favorable economic conditions for investment and industrial development in such areas.

scholarly journals Ранні наслідки впливу лісової пожежі на різноманітність грибних угруповань соснових лісів Лівобережної України з особливим акцентом на мікоризних грибах

2021 ◽  
pp. 110-119
Author(s):  
K. V. Davydenko ◽  
N. Yu. Vysotska ◽  
V. S. Yushchyk ◽  
T. Yu. Markina
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Fungal Diversity ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Pine Plantation ◽  
Short Term

Forest fires constitute widespread and potentially destructive disturbances in forest ecosystems, particularly negative impact on soil mycorrhizal fungi which are major players of the belowground plant. This study investigated the short-term effects of wildfire on fungal communities in Left-Bank Ukraine with special emphasis on mycorrhizal fungi. During the fourteen months after autumn wildfire, fruiting bodies found in the plots were identified, and their mycological richness, diversity and production in both burned and unburnt areas were measured. Total fungal diversity decreased in burned plots, where fungal richness and diversity of mycorrhizal species were significantly lower. Our results also confirmed the data on a rather destructive influence of post-fire forest management on fungal diversity. Only three mycorrhizal fungi associated with Pinus sylvestris L. were common to both sites while pyrophilic species were in close association with burned sites. 3 Figs., 1 Table, 31 Refs. Key words: mycorrhiza, pine plantation, post-fire erosion, wildfire.

John Stuart Mill on China’s Stationary State

2021 ◽  
pp. 833-856
Author(s):  
Yue Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Stationary State ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Mutual Effect ◽  
John Stuart Mill ◽  
East India Company ◽  
Stationary States ◽  
Individual Liberty ◽  
The West ◽  
Economic Stagnation

Current literature on John Stuart Mill’s writings about Asia have focused mainly on his relationship with India because of Mill’s thirty-five year career in the East India Company. Scholars in both China and the West have not paid attention to Mill’s views on China. This paper delves into Mill’s notion of China’s stationary state from two perspectives: (1) a stationary state of capital accumulation and (2) a stationary state of human improvement. In Principles, Mill explained his conception of stationary state. He linked China’s economic stagnation to the low desire for capital accumulation. In On Liberty and Considerations, Mill explored the reasons for China’s stagnancy in human improvement. He discussed the negative impact of the “despotism of custom” on individual liberty and the defects of a bureaucratic government in nineteenth-century China. Mill thought that a stationary state of capital accumulation does not necessarily imply a stationary state of human improvement. However, he seemed to argue that, in China, these two types of stationary states have a mutual effect upon each other.

A Critical Assessment of Environmental Degeneration and Climate Change

2013 ◽  
pp. 212-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Ploberger
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
Growth Strategy ◽  
Strategic Decision ◽  
Environmental Challenges ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
The Impact

China and its population are confronted with fundamental environmental challenges, as both, environmental degeneration and the impact of climate change, exhibit critical social, economic and political implications for their future development. Among the various environmental challenges China faces, pollution issues, soil erosion, acid rain, and sea-level rise are identified. This variety of environmental issues increases the underling complexity of how best to address these challenges, especially as China’s growth strategy has the potential to exacerbate the negative impact on the environment further. The strategic decision which development strategy China will follow – a ‘growth first and clean up later’ or ‘cleaning up while growing’ – carries serious implications not only for the environmental situation in China itself, but for the global community as well.

A Critical Assessment of Environmental Degeneration and Climate Change

2011 ◽  
pp. 472-491
Author(s):  
Christian Ploberger
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
Growth Strategy ◽  
Environmental Challenges ◽  
International Reputation ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Impact

China and its population are confronted with fundamental environmental challenges, as both environmental degeneration and the impact of climate change exhibit critical political, economic, and social implications for their future development. Among the various environmental challenges China faces, this chapter identifies pollution issues, soil erosion, acid rain, and sea-level rise. This variety of environmental issues increases the underling complexity of how best to address these challenges, especially as China’s growth strategy has the potential to exacerbate the negative impact on the environment further. Hence the question which development strategy China will follow–a ‘growth first and clean up later’ or ‘cleaning up while growing’–carries serious implications not only for the environmental situation in China itself, but for the international community as well. It is crucial to recognize that China’s multidimensional environmental challenges also carry critical implications for China’s international reputation.

Economic and social functions of cities: methodology and management tools balanced development

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Татьяна Белкина ◽  
Tat'yana Belkina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Balanced Development ◽  
Operational Information ◽  
Digital Material

In the monograph, based on extensive statistical and operational information showing disparities in the development of social and economic functions of cities which have a serious negative impact on the recovery of economic growth in Russia, which is determined by the role of cities as centres of population (three quarters of the population of Russia) and most of the economic potential. Imbalances in development of social and economic functions of cities in Russia can be attributed, the specifics of the historical path of our country, so have no analogue abroad. The rapidity of urbanization, utilization of limited resources primarily for industrial development, the policy needs of the population in Soviet times when the opposite rhetoric and more resulted in impaired development of social sphere of cities. The author identified and presented in the monograph rales imbalances in the development of social and economic functions of cities; the reasons for strengthening the destructive impact of imbalances in economic growth at the stages of social and technological transitions, one of which endures today Russia. Integrated assessment modelling of multiparameter characteristics economic and social functions and determine the nature and extent of the imbalances in the book outlines basic principles of evaluation methodologies, algorithmic procedures and tools of functional urban typology based on the identities of the proportions of the social and economic development. The monograph presents results of the calculations carried out by the author on the basis of the developed methods to 115 cities in Russia, manufacturing centres. Showing the most profound disparities in urban development, impeding the formation of human capital and improve the quality of life of the population, essential attributes of the post-industrial society, towards which are all developed countries of the world, including Russia. The book is built on the vast digital material has 44 drawing and table 49.. It is intended for specialists in the field of urban economy, teachers, students, and research staff.

Globalisation on the Margins: Mapping Post-Apartheid South Africa's Trade and Industrial Policy

1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 167-205
Author(s):  
Firoz Khan ◽  
David Hemson
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
African State ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Social Unrest ◽  
Growth State

Industrial policy is a key avenue for the post-apartheid South African state to overcome the threats of social unrest and promote economic development. Although globalisation presents Third World countries with significant opportunities for sustained industrial development, it is critically important to underscore the impulses that undermine it through an examination of the manner in which technology is transferred from the industrialised to the developing countries. The indiscriminate adoption of a neo-liberal economic programme in South Africa has had a negative impact on sustainable growth and has given way to deindustrialisation and a rentier economy. This paper suggests that an endogenous approach — one that emphasises the unique factors of the spatial milieu in which economic activity occurs — paired to a recognition of the embeddedness of this milieu within larger structures is a more suitable paradigm for stirring sustainable growth. State intervention is not an impediment but a precondition for a flexible and responsive industrial policy in an increasingly globalised world economy.

Assesment of Water Pollution in the Tigris River in Diyarbakır, Turkey

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Memet Varol ◽  
Bülent Gökot ◽  
Aysel Bekleyen
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Water ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Tigris River

Diyarbakır is the biggest city and the largest urban settlement in the Tigris Basin in Turkey. It has been gradually developing and growing thanks to the Southeastern Anatolia Project (GAP), and is one of the most important centers of industry, agriculture and animal husbandry in the Tigris Basin. The Tigris River is an important water source for the city, and it serves for irrigation, fishing, recreation and receiving wastewater. With the development of industry, agriculture and the growth of urban population, its pollution has become a serious problem. Pollution from domestic, industrial and agricultural activities has led to deterioration of water quality. In this context, the aim of the present study is to identify point sources of pollution and to assess the surface water quality of the Tigris River in the study area by monitoring physicochemical parameters. Diyarbakır produced a negative impact on the Tigris River water quality, particularly after the WWTP discharge. Concentrations of chemical oxygen demand, organic nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus increased markedly downstream of Diyarbakır WWTP discharge point. During the summer, the extent of organic pollution was so serious in the stations, downstream of WWTP, that dissolved oxygen became almost absent from the river water. The metal concentrations of all water samples were mostly below or close to the maximum permitted concentration for protection of aquatic life and drinking water.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KEGIATAN PENAMBANGAN PASIR – BATU TERHADAP EROSI, KUALITAS AIR DAN SOSIAL EKONOMI MASYARAKAT DI SEKITAR SUNGAI INDRAGIRI

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
Tamrin ◽  
Zulfan Saam ◽  
Sofyan H. Siregar
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
River Quality

The research was done in December 2016 to March 2017 and located in Pasir Keranji Village, Pasir Penyu Districts, Indragiri Hulu Regency. The purpose of this research is analizing the impacts of sandstone mining activities against erosion in Indragiri River, quality of Indragiri River water and local socio-economic conditions. Based on the reasearch, sand-stone mining in Indragiri River causes erosion so that the river body widened and the depth of the river is shallower due to sedimentation. Other than that, quality of Indragiri River water such as brightness, turbidity, TSS, DO and BOD5 including the polluted category. This is caused by sand-stone mining activities, waste from palm factory and gold mining along the Indragiri River. Socially and economically, the sand-stone mining activities have a positive impact in improve the living standards of local communities and have a negative impact on environmental quality

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