scholarly journals LECTIN-HISTOCHEMICAL REGULARITIES OF DIFFERENTIATION OF THE HUMAN PAROTID GLAND EPITHELIAL GERMS

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
О. М. Slobodian ◽  
L. P. Lavriv ◽  
D. B. Stoliar ◽  
I. S. Kashperuk-Karpiuk ◽  
L. M. Rak
Keyword(s):  
Parotid Gland ◽  
Helix Pomatia ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Basal Membrane ◽  
Human Embryos ◽  
Intrauterine Development ◽  
Sambucus Nigra Agglutinin ◽  
Laburnum Anagyroides ◽  
Prenatal Ontogenesis ◽  
Histochemical Examination

Glycopolymer compounds make up structural and functional basis of cells and tissues of a living organism. The necessity of anatomical-lectinohistochemical examination of the parotid gland in early prenatal period of ontogenesis is substantiated, as the evidences concerning its topography are fragmentary and not systematized, and certain aspects of its ontogenesis are disputable. 35 human embryos and pre-fetuses aged from 21 days to 12 weeks of intrauterine development were examined. Glycopolymers were found by means of treatment of serial sections with lectins conjugated with horseradish peroxidase. The dynamics of prenatal morphogenesis of the embryos and pre-fetuses of the 4th-12th week of embryogenesis expression of glycopolymers – lectinreceptors on the surface of cells, in the cytoplasm and on the basal membrane of the parotid gland epithelial germs and the human oral cavity with its derivatives by re-distribution of glycopolymers are similar, which can be the evidence of ectodermal source of the parotid gland epithelial germ. Immersion of the epithelial cells of the buccal-alveolar pockets into the lower adjacent mesenchyme with the formation of primary parotid gland germs in embryos with 11,0-12,5 mm of PCL and their transformation into the epithelial taeniae is associated with accumulation of sialic glycopolymers (N-acetyl neuraminic acid), N-acetyl-D-glucosamine – specific to Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA); N-acetyl-2-desoxy-2-amino-D-glucopyranose, screened by sialic acid of ß-D-galactose and α-L-fucose – specific to Helix pomatia (edible snail) agglutinin (HPA),  Rhizoctonia solani agglutinin (RCA) and Laburnum anagyroides (Golden Rain shrub) agglutinin (LABA) respectively. These glycopolymers are present during the first 12 weeks both on the cytolemma of the cells of the parotid gland epithelial germ and in their cytoplasm.   The results of lectin-histochemical examination of the early prenatal ontogenesis of the parotid gland can form the basis for the work of laboratories dealing with screening of morphological material in order to assess the degree of maturation and prognosis of fetus viability and diagnostics of deviations from normal development.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF EMBRYONIC HISTOGENESIS OF THE PAROTID GLAND

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
O. Slobodian ◽  
L. Lavriv ◽  
D. Stoliar ◽  
I. Kashperuk-Karpiuk ◽  
N. Shvets
Keyword(s):  
Parotid Gland ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Cellular Tissue ◽  
Human Embryos ◽  
Lectin Receptors ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Prenatal Ontogenesis ◽  
Histochemical Examination

Lectinohistochemistry methods are very sensitive and allow to identify certain types and subpopulations of cells, to characterize non-cellular tissue structures in morphological studies, when they cannot be differentiated by using traditional methods of carbohydrate histochemistry. In many diseases, changes in the carbohydrate component of various glycoconjugates are observed, which contribute to the modification of morphofunctional characteristics of the cell and changes in its interaction with other cells and extracellular factors. Most studies are devoted to the study of the existing pathology of individual organs and systems (or their norms) in adults and animals. Data from the scientific literature on the histotopography of lectin receptors in the first months of human prenatal ontogenesis are few, and regarding the peculiarities of the expression of carbohydrate determinants of the rudiments of the human parotid gland in early prenatal ontogenesis - are absent. Glycopolymers compounds make up structural and functional basis of cells and tissues of a living organism. The necessity of anatomical-lectinohistochemical examination of the parotid gland in early prenatal period of ontogenesis is substantiated, as the evidences concerning its topography are fragmentary and unsystematized, and certain aspects of its ontogenesis are disputable. A natural redistribution of glycopolimers of the cytolemma and cytoplasm of the cells of the epithelial anlage of the parotid salivary gland and the mesenchyma adjacent to it in the course of investigating 50 human embryos and prefetuses aged up 21 days to 12 weeks at stages 9-23 and the beginning of the fetal period according to the classification of Carnegy’s institute has been revealed. Invagination of epithelial cells in the regions bucco-alveolar pockets into the underlying mesenchyme and their transformation into epithelial cords due to the accumulation of specific glycopolymers lectin WGA, SNA, HPA, RCA, LABA. The results of lectin-histochemical examination of the early prenatal ontogenesis of the parotid gland can form the basis for the work of laboratories dealing with screening of morphological material in order to assess the degree of maturation and prognosis of fetus viability and diagnostics of deviations from normal development.

scholarly journals Morphologic preconditions of the onset of congenital defects of the common bile duct in prenatal ontogenesis

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (2 (66)) ◽  
pp. 104-105
Author(s):  
S. I. Riabyi
Keyword(s):  
Bile Duct ◽  
Common Bile Duct ◽  
Human Embryos ◽  
Congenital Defects ◽  
Human Fetuses ◽  
Congenital Atresia ◽  
Intrauterine Development ◽  
The Common ◽  
Prenatal Ontogenesis

The peculiarities of prenatal morphogenesis of the common bile duct has been studied on 68 series of sequential histologic sections of human embryos and prefetuses and 50 cadavers of human fetuses by means of the methods of microscopy, morphometry, macroscopic and microscopic preparation. It has been established that the stage of embryonal occlusion during the 6th -8th weeks and the diverticulum-like dilatation at the beginning of the 4th month of the intrauterine development can be morphologic preconditions of the onset of congenital atresia and cysts of the common bile duct.

scholarly journals PECULIARITIES OF FORMATION OF THE HARD PALATE FOLDS DURING THE SECOND AND THIRD TRIMESTER OF THE INTRAUTERINE DEVELOPMENT

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 64-68
Author(s):  
A. I. Prodanchuk
Keyword(s):  
Hard Palate ◽  
Basal Membrane ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Intrauterine Development ◽  
Fibrous Stroma ◽  
Human Ontogenesis ◽  
The Face ◽  
Mesenchyme Cells ◽  
Restorative Surgery ◽  
Comprehensive Study

A comprehensive study of anatomical-functional peculiarities of the cranial bones promotes implementation of new methods of performing radical and reconstructive-restorative surgery on the face and cranium. Objective: to determine peculiarities of formation of the hard palate folds structure in the fetal and early neonatal periods of human ontogenesis. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on 53 specimens of dead fetuses from 4 to 10 months of development and on 9 specimens of dead neonates by means of macro- and micro-section, preparing histological and topographic-anatomical sections, and morphometry. Formation of the hard palate folds during the second and third trimesters of the intrauterine development was found to consist of the following stages:  epithelial thickening, penetration into the adjacent mesenchyme originating the rudiment of the fold; smoothing of the basal membrane and epithelial outgrowth over the surface with formation of the primary fold; condensation of mesenchyme cells under the fold apex; formation of fibrous stroma inside of the fold which is a peculiar core; epithelial smoothing to even thickness similar to that one embracing the areas between folds with formation of the final fold. At the end of the third trimester of the intrauterine development posterior transverse palatine folds become less marked, some of them disappear, and the anterior ones become more marked, closer and pressed one to another.

scholarly journals Faulty ribosomes and human diseases: mistakes in “assembly line” going unnoticed ?

2015 ◽  
Vol 05 (03) ◽  
pp. 087-092
Author(s):  
Anirban Chakraborty ◽  
Indrani Karunasagar
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Assembly Line ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Genetic Disorders ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Human Embryos ◽  
Ribosome Assembly ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Specific Nature

AbstractRibosomes are molecular machineries that decode the information within mRNAs and generate all the proteins required for cellular activities. Ribosomes are essential to every living organism. The synthesis of ribosome is an intricate process, which is carried out in multiple steps throughout the cell in a highly coordinated fashion. For many years, the general perception was that any defects in the “ribosome assembly line” would have fatal consequences on cell. However, it has now become clear that production of defective ribosomes does not lead to lethality in human embryos. Rather, it manifests as specific disease conditions called ribosomopathies, which are rare genetic disorders affecting the bone marrow. This group of diseases has received considerable attention in recent years because of the mystery associated with them i.e. the tissue-specific nature of the clinical phenotypes despite the fact that the genes mutated in patients code for proteins that are absolutely essential and are housekeeping in nature. Despite considerable progress in understanding these diseases, it still remains unclear why defects in the production of a macromolecule as indispensable and as ubiquitous as the ribosome go unnoticed and why the effects are not universal but rather are restricted to specific cell types. This review is aimed at introducing the readers to important ribosomopathies with a brief description about the clinical symptoms, molecular genetics, and the treatments strategies.

scholarly journals Features of the formation of certain bones of the skull at the early stages of human ontogenesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3 (99)) ◽  
pp. 144-148
Author(s):  
O. Tsyhykalo ◽  
R. Dmytrenko ◽  
I. Popova ◽  
B. Banul
Keyword(s):  
Human Embryo ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Parietal Bone ◽  
Human Embryos ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Intrauterine Development ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Ossification Centers ◽  
Parietal Bones ◽  
Skull Bones

The study of morphogenesis and embryotopography of skull bones is important not only in understanding the normal development of the human embryo but also will improve existing methods of invasive treatment and visualization of various pathologies of the central nervous system in children.The aim was to investigate the peculiarities of morphogenesis and topography of some skull bones during the early stages of human ontogenesis.Material and methods. We have studied 14 series of consecutive histological sections of human embryos and pre-fetuses aged 6 to 11 weeks of intrauterine development by using a set of topical morphological methods (anthropometry, morphometry, histology, three-dimensional reconstruction).Results. The frontal and parietal bones appear at the end of the embryonic period as mesenchymal rudiments that gradually expand upwards from primary points of ossification (starting from the basolateral parts of the head). During 8th week of IUD, the germ of the ectomeningeal capsule is detected in the form of a thin plate, close to the brain. At the beginning of the pre-fetal period, histological signs of membranous ossification are revealed; frontal and parietal bones develop from paired rudiments, which gradually fuse, which was accompanied by active angiogenesis.Conclusions. The primary ossification centers in frontal and parietal bones of the human embryo appear at the beginning of embryological period and develop by membranous type. Two ossification centers appear in frontal and parietal bones and they gradually merge. At the beginning of the prenatal period, the rudiment of a small wing of the sphenoid, spheno-ethmoidal cartilage and signs of merging of both ossification centers in the parietal bone are detected.

Embryological substantiation of the architectonics of arteriolovenular anastomoses in the human renal parenchymal bloodstream

1986 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-139
Author(s):  
E. S. Valishin
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Embryonic Stage ◽  
Human Embryos ◽  
Intrauterine Development ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
Human Embryos And Fetuses

The present work was undertaken to obtain comprehensive information on arteriolovenular anastomoses in the embryonic stage of development. The study was performed on 240 cadavers of human embryos and fetuses from 6.5 weeks of intrauterine development to the neonatal period using conventional injectable and noninjectable angiological and histological methods.

scholarly journals Features of the structure of the muscles acting on the hip joint of the human fetus

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
R. Z. Nurimanov ◽  
A. E. Strizhkov ◽  
V. N. Nikolenko
Keyword(s):  
Hip Joint ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Main Trend ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Intrauterine Development ◽  
Adductor Muscles ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Small Muscle ◽  
Prenatal Ontogenesis

Aim - to identify the features of the anatomical structure of the muscles acting on the hip joint in the fetal period of prenatal ontogenesis. Material and methods. The study was carried out on corpses of 200 fetuses aged from 12th to 38th weeks. Anatomical and morphometric research methods were used. Results. As a result of the study, it was established that the muscles of the pelvis and thigh of the fetus are different from the definitive ones: more heads are noted, a different direction of force action vector, functional indicators of the extensor and rotator muscles prevail. There are critical periods of organogenesis of functional muscle groups. Conclusions. The main trend of organogenesis of the muscles of the pelvis and thigh is the fusion of small muscle insertions into larger organs. A feature of the fetal muscles acting on the hip joint is the morpho - functional predominance of the insteps and adductor muscles that create the necessary conditions for the hip joint morphogenesis. The 20th-22th and 28th-30th weeks of intrauterine development are critical periods in human hip joint morphogenesis.

Oncocytomas of the salivary glands

1982 ◽  
Vol 96 (11) ◽  
pp. 1027-1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Hastrup ◽  
Poul Bretlau ◽  
Annelise Krogdahl ◽  
Henrik Melchiors
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Parotid Gland ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Minor Salivary Glands ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Histochemical Examination

Two cases of oncocytoma of the parotid gland are presented, one of which was dominantly cystic and had recurred after 21 years. The light and electron microscopic pictures are presented. The literature has been reviewed, and 131 cases were found in salivary glands; hence, oncocytomas in this location are rare. In older persons, they are found predominantly in the parotid gland, but have also been reported in the minor salivary glands. It is pointed out that electron microscopy or histochemical examination is indispensable for the demonstration of mitochondrial hyperplasia.

scholarly journals Development of sacral vertebrae in human embryos and fetuses

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
S. L. Kabak ◽  
V. V. Zatochnaya
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Column ◽  
Human Embryos ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Lumbosacral Region ◽  
Intrauterine Development ◽  
Alizarin Red ◽  
Fetal Spine ◽  
Human Embryos And Fetuses ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Medical University

The aim of the study is to define the features of organogenesis and histogenesis of sacral vertebrae in human embryos, which predetermine the anatomical structure of the sacrum in postnatal ontogenesis. Material and methods. The authors studied human embryo serial sections at 17–23 stages from the Carnegie virtual embryological collection, total preparations and serial sections of the lumbosacral region of the fetal spine at 8–20 weeks of gestation without visible developmental anomalies. Histological sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin; total preparations were stained with alizarin red and alcian blue. In addition, the study included 19 adult sacra from the anatomical collection of the Belarusian State Medical University. Results. It was found that consolidation of the anlages of the upper sacral vertebrae starts at the early stages of embryogenesis by the fusion of their costal-transverse processes. During the first half of intrauterine development, the arch and articular processes of the adjacent vertebrae remain separate from each other. In contrast to other segments of the spinal column, five primary centers of ossification are formed in the anlages of the upper sacral vertebrae

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