scholarly journals From mysticism to neuroscience: the history of psychiatric service of the bukovina region

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-8
Author(s):  
Iryna Herasymiuk ◽  
Natalia Grinko ◽  
Bohdan Sumariuk
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Care ◽  
Psychiatric Service ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Past ◽  
Contemporary Science ◽  
History Of ◽  
Methodological Principles ◽  
Two Stages

The origins of psychiatric care in Bukovina can be divided in two stages: the first stage - pre-scientific, the second stage - scientific or nosological. During the pre-scientific period of providing assistance to persons with mental disorders occurred in monasteries. They were regarded as possessed, that is, persons with demons. On the territory of modern Chernivtsi area there were several such monasteries where they could get help patients with mental disorders. Since the proclamation Bukovina is the crown land of the Austro-Hungarian Empire psychiatric care has changed. A psychiatric service was bornunderstanding what a mental disorder is. There was a transition to science interpretation and approach to psychiatric care. The purpose of the article was to cover the formation of the psychiatric service in Bukovina, the transformation of the approach to care for patients with mental disorders, from mysticism to the modern model. Scientific novelty is to analyze the history of psychiatry in Bukovina from the past to present and coverage of the main historical moments that gave impetus for the formation of true neuroscience. Methodological principles research: chronological and comparative-historical approach, systemic interdisciplinary analysis. Conclusions. History of origin psychiatric service in Bukovina experienced ups and downs that corresponded to the conditions of the time. The transformation of mental service has changed from the worldview and level of development of contemporary science. You can watch changes from mystification to the emergence of psychiatry as a real modern neuroscience with an evidence base and humane treatment of patients.

Agent-based economic models and econometrics

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Heng Chen ◽  
Chia-Ling Chang ◽  
Ye-Rong Du
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Agent Based Modeling ◽  
Computational Finance ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Past ◽  
Stage Development ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
The One ◽  
Two Stages

AbstractThis paper reviews the development of agent-based (computational) economics (ACE) from an econometrics viewpoint. The review comprises three stages, characterizing the past, the present, and the future of this development. The first two stages can be interpreted as an attempt to build the econometric foundation of ACE, and, through that, enrich its empirical content. The second stage may then invoke a reverse reflection on the possible agent-based foundation of econometrics. While ACE modeling has been applied to different branches of economics, the one, and probably the only one, which is able to provide evidence of this three-stage development is finance or financial economics. We will, therefore, focus our review only on the literature of agent-based computational finance, or, more specifically, the agent-based modeling of financial markets.

scholarly journals Moral Treatment: Philippe Pinel

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mrs. Sushma. C ◽  
Dr. Meghamala. S. Tavaragi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Psychiatric Care ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Demonic Possession ◽  
Moral Treatment ◽  
Modern Psychiatry ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

Philippe Pinel a pioneer, a french psychiatrist, a physician, known as father of modern psychiatry, revolutions psychiatric care of patients with mental illness by introducing concept of moral treatment. Pinel rejected the then prevailing popular notion that mental illness was caused by demonic possession and stated that mental disorders could be caused by a variety of factors including psychological or social stress, congenital conditions, or physiological injury, psychological damage, or heredity. Philippe Pinel for the first time in history of psychiatric patients treated them humanly by unchaining patients known as madmen. This historic event was done for first time in Bicêtre Hospital in 1798 a Parisian insane asylum. In this article a brief history of life and work of pioneer Philippe Pinel is mentioned.

scholarly journals THE PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE OF THE CAMBRIDGE LAW JOURNAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (S1) ◽  
pp. S8-S32
Author(s):  
Lionel Bently
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
The Past ◽  
Introductory Essay ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Two Stages

This introductory essay reviews the history of the Journal, divided into two stages: the period from 1921 to 1953; and that from 1954 to today. It examines the changing institutional arrangements, personnel, as well as some of the highlights in the content of the Journal. If there is a theme, it is that the Journal was established by and developed its reputation because of the efforts of many of the outstanding scholars at Cambridge who over the decades offered the outputs of their talents to the Journal; and that the Journal has used that reputation more and more to attract the scholars outside Cambridge – indeed from all over the world. Whatever the aims of those who established the Cambridge Law Journal in 1921, and without much self-consciousness, the Journal incrementally acquired the status and practices of a learned journal. Finally, the essay reflects on the future, in particular the challenges of digitisation, open access and inclusivity.

XI.—The Geology and Vegetation of Late-glacial Retreat Stages in Scotland

1958 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Donner
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Lake Sediments ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Glacial Retreat ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Pollen Diagrams ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Alps ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Glacial Periods

SynopsisThe last major retreat stages of the ice in Scotland have been correlated with the different periods of vegetational history as shown by pollen diagrams. The end-moraines can be divided into two stages, the first stage being the Perth Readvance Moraine, during which the ice extended outside the Highlands. The Aberdeen Readvance Moraine probably also belongs to the same stage. During the second stage, here called the Highland Readvance, valley glaciers reached to the mouths of the Highland valleys where small moraine ridges were formed.Samples from mainly lake sediments near the moraine were studied, and the pollen diagrams from them show the general vegetational history of the Late-glacial and Post-glacial periods. The same zones as in other parts of the British Isles are used in the diagrams.The geological and pollen analytical evidence suggests that the Highland Readvance Moraine was formed during the Late-glacial Zone III, and that the Perth Readvance is older than the Alleröd interstadial. The Highland Readvance can now be correlated with the moraines in Scandinavia, the Alps and North America, where they already have been dated.

scholarly journals The philosophy of populism in the work of a sociologist: in memory of Irina Albertovna Khaliy (1950–2020)

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Mariia A. Podlesnaia
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Environmental Sociology ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Past ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Systemic Crises

In memory of the Russian sociologist I. A. Khaliy, known for her research in the field of civil society, environmental sociology, local communities, social movements and non-profit organisations, the article analyses the philosophy of populism, which was actively used by the sociologist in her research. The analysis is built in two stages. The first one is based on highlighting the main views of the populists and their subsequent criticism, with access to a number of areas that were affected by populist thought, such as man and his nature, the question of solidarity and signs of social life, the doctrine of human needs, methods and methodology of social sciences, philosophy of action as a research position. The second stage is a comparative analysis, as a result of which it is considered how the views of the populists were reflected in the work of I. A. Khaliy, what refraction and sound they acquired a century later from the point of view of practical application. The work is all the more interesting because it gives an idea of the philosophy of populism not as an obsolete phenomenon of the past, but as a phenomenon of the present, which turns out to be especially relevant in a situation of systemic crises and their assessment, including by intellectuals and representatives of the intelligentsia.

Joule, Mayer, and Others: A Decade-and-a-Half-Long Debate over Priority in the Discovery of the Mechanical Equivalent of Heat

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 609
Author(s):  
Boris Bulyubash
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Mechanical Equivalent ◽  
Royal Institution ◽  
Private Correspondence ◽  
History Of ◽  
University Of Edinburgh ◽  
William Thomson ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
The University

This article reviews the history of a debate over priority in the discovery of the mechanical equivalent of heat that was centered around J. P. Joule and J. R. von Mayer. The following two stages may be distinguished in this debate. During the first stage, those involved in it were Joule and Mayer themselves. While Mayer presented a numerical value for the mechanical equivalent of heat, which was based on the data from Gay-Lussac’s experiment, Joule determined the value of this coefficient in his own experiment although he did it later than Mayer (actually, Joule was unaware of Gay-Lussac’s experiment). This article shows that, in the end, Joule and William Thomson, who also participated in the debate, recognized (even though formally and with reservations) Mayer’s priority. During the second stage of the debate, its participants were British scientists who supported Mayer or Joule. Thus, Mayer’s priority was supported by Professor J. Tyndall of the Royal Institution in London and it was he who initiated the resumption of the discussion. Joule’s priority was advocated by Professor W. Thomson of the University of Glasgow and Professor P. Tait of the University of Edinburgh. It is noted that a personal animosity between Tyndall and Tait, as well as Tyndall’s competitive attitude towards Thomson, had a significant impact on the tone of the debate, and the examples of Tait’s provocative remarks and Tyndall’s reactions are provided. Joule’s involvement during the second stage of the debate that was mostly limited to private correspondence between himself, Tait, Thomson, and Tyndall, is discussed. Over the time elapsed after the first stage of the debate, the level of rejection of Mayer’s arguments by the scientific community had decreased significantly. The awarding of the Royal Society’s Copley Medal to Joule (1870) and Mayer (1871), both of them nominated by Tyndall, came as a symbolic conclusion of the debate.

SYSTEMATIZATION OF APPROACHES TO THE ORGANIZATION OF PREVENTION OF MENTAL DISORDERS VETERANS OF COMBAT VETERANS

2020 ◽  
pp. 691-694
Author(s):  
А. Л. Сухоруков ◽  
А. Г. Соловьев ◽  
Е. Г. Ичитовкина ◽  
Е. Ю. Голубева
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Care ◽  
Psychiatric Service ◽  
Targeted Prevention ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Development Concept ◽  
Psychopathological Disorders

Для методологического обоснования использования новых подходов к организации психиатрической помощи ветеранам боевых действий в ведомственных общесоматических учреждениях здравоохранения проведен анализ существующих проблем при оказании психиатрической помощи пенсионерам комбатантам с психическими расстройствами системы Министерства внутренних дел (МВД) России. Показано, что существующие организационные подходы имеют ряд существенных недостатков и не обеспечивают в полном объеме качественного оказания терапии и медикопсихологической реабилитации данному контингенту. Предложено в рамках Концепции развития психиатрической службы МВД России предусмотреть проведение целенаправленной профилактической работы с комбатантами - действующими сотрудниками силовых структур, включающей раннюю диагностику начальных форм психических расстройств, своевременное оказание лечебнореабилитационной помощи с последующим системным мониторингом состояния их психического здоровья в ведомственных учреждениях здравоохранения. Это позволит не только повысить качество диагностики психических расстройств, но и улучшить терапию психопатологических нарушений, уменьшить стигматизацию психиатрической помощи и систематизировать направления работы с данным контингентом на этапах вторичной профилактики изменений ментальных функций. For the purpose of methodological justification of the use of new approaches to the organization of psychiatric care for veterans of military operations in departmental general hospital health care institutions, the analysis of existing problems in providing psychiatric care to retired combatants with mental disorders of the system of the Ministry of internal Affairs (MIA) of Russia was carried out. It is shown that the existing organizational approaches have a number of significant drawbacks and do not fully provide quality therapy and medical and psychological rehabilitation to this contingent. Proposed in the development Concept of the psychiatric service of MIA to provide targeted prevention work with ex-combatants, current employees of power structures, including early diagnosis of early forms of mental disorders, timely provision of treatment & rehabilitation help with subsequent systematic monitoring of their mental health in government health facilities. This will not only improve the quality of diagnosis of mental disorders, but also improve the treatment of psychopathological disorders, reduce the stigma of psychiatric care and systematize the directions of work with this contingent at the stages of secondary prevention of changes in mental functions.

A Third Kind of Feminist Reading: Toward a Feminist Sociology of Biblical Hermeneutics

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-32
Author(s):  
Susanne Scholz
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Biblical Studies ◽  
Fourth Stage ◽  
Biblical Hermeneutics ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Past ◽  
Feminist Sociology ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
History Of ◽  
Beginning Students

This article proposes that the next step in feminist biblical studies requires, even demands, the development of sociologically framed paradigms. It illustrates this proposal for such a third kind of reading with an examination of the interpretation history of Genesis 2-3 during the past forty years. Five hermeneutical stages emerge. They move from a first stage on feminist interpretations, to a second stage on deconstructive responses, to a third stage of interpretations that reassert androcentric meaning, to a fourth stage on the Christian Right’s insistence on patriarchal gender roles, and finally to a fifth stage on commercialized biblical meanings in the Western media. This analysis shows that a feminist sociology of biblical hermeneutics explains, even to beginning students, the connections between biblical hermeneutics and society, because it conceptualizes biblical texts and interpretation histories as hermeneutically dynamic, politically and religiously charged conversations concerning socio-political practices.

scholarly journals Catatonia and Schizophrenia: A Case Report

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Psychiatric Care ◽  
Drug Withdrawal ◽  
Past History ◽  
Paranoid Schizophrenia ◽  
African American Female ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Catatonic Schizophrenia ◽  
Ward Patient

This case is of a 47 year old African American female diagnosed with catatonic schizophrenia and paranoid schizophrenia which has deteriorated over the past two weeks. The patient recently attacked her father, has been mute and has also been throwing herself onto the floor expressing disorganized thoughts, poorly taking care of self and insomnia. The patient was first admitted for psychiatric care at the age of 20 and has a past history of DVT of lower extremities, hypertension, obesity and anemia. No signs of intoxication or drug withdrawal were observed. Patient had been on Haldol decanoate 300 mg IM. After admission in ward patient was continued on Haldol decanoate, Depakote and Lorazepam. Patient responded well to treatment and a certain level of independence wasachieved

scholarly journals Ascending Reticular Activating System of the Brain

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir M. Kovalzon
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Ascending Reticular Activating System ◽  
Reticular Activating System ◽  
History Of ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Arousal Reaction

There were two stages in the history of the studies on ascending reticular activating system of the brain (ARAS). The first stage began with the ARAS discovery by Magoun and Moruzzi and the following investigations using the methods of stimulation and lesion at that time mainly in acute cats. These studies led to the hypothesis of a “diffuse” and “unspecific” ARAS of the brain stem. The second stage was associated with using more precise neurophysiological and histochemical methods mainly in chronically operated free-moving cats and rats. By 2010, the idea of the ARAS as an organized hierarchy of the cerebral “waking centers” distributed along the entire cerebral axis and releasing all the known neuromediators of low molecular weight together with the most important neuropeptides was formulated. To date, the aforementioned hypothesis has been revised again. The glutamatergic activating system has been discovered and described in detail. Presumably, this system is responsible for the appearance of electroencephalogram (EEG) arousal reaction and maintenance of the neocortex in the state of tonic depolarization during wakefulness and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Its destruction results in a deep comatose-like state. At the same time, the activity of all other “waking centers” is probably the result of the cortical activation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document