scholarly journals Pathogenetic justification of the use of criteria for determining the lifespan and age of wound caused by mechanical damage

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-18
Author(s):  
Andrii Antonov ◽  
Mykola Klymenko ◽  
Serhii Tatarko ◽  
Oleksandr Herasymenko ◽  
Natalia Surhai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
Immunological Methods ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Specific Stage ◽  
Immunological Changes ◽  
The Individual

The aim of the study is detailed analysis of the literature on the existing methods for determining the lifetime and inflicting of mechanical damage. It was found that the existing methods have very large discrepancies in assessing the infliction of damage. The use of the same research methods by different researchers has lead to results that may differ. This can lead to obtaining insufficiently substantiated or even erroneous conclusions about the infliction of mechanical damage. The authors explain this by the fact that the body reacts to damage by the development of a typical pathological process – inflammation. Forensic methods that exist for determining the age of wound are aimed at obtaining an expert assessment of individual manifestations of the pathogenesis of inflammation by morphological, biochemical and immunological methods. Determination of the age of wound is actually the determination of a specific stage in the pathogenesis of inflammation, which is observed at the time of the examination and the timing of the development, which is known from the literature. Taking into account the stages of the pathogenesis of inflammation as a typical pathological process, in the area of tissue damage makes it possible to more accurately determine the duration of the infliction of mechanical damage. The individual reactivity of the organism, which determines the features of the course of any typical pathological process, will determine the individual timing of the development of certain morphological, biochemical and immunological changes in the area of damage.  

scholarly journals Somatotypes in Sport

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teodor Tóth ◽  
Monika Michalíková ◽  
Lucia Bednarčíková ◽  
Jozef Živčák ◽  
Peter Kneppo
Keyword(s):  
Physical Condition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Body Constitution ◽  
Rating Form ◽  
Sporting Activities ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Given ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The submitted article deals with the evaluation of the somatotype of persons and determination of a suitable somatotype for selected sports. In the introduction the method for determining and evaluating a somatotype according to Carter and Heath is characterised. The processes used for calculating the individual components - endomorphy, mesomorphy, ectomorphy - are presented as well as a description of these elements. The calculated components are subsequently put into a somatograph. The evaluation of a somatotype is of great benefit and offers a guideline with the selection of sporting activities; it subsequently helps assign athletes into a suitable position where they will be able to best develop their talents in view of their bodily construction. In this work two types of sports are evaluated - basketball and bodybuilding. With each sport the measurements which give the prerequisites for the given sport are presented. The selection of the presented sports was made with regard to the different requirements and demands in the scope of bodily constitution. The aim of the presented paper is to assess physical parameters of subjects groups in relation to selected sports (basketball and bodybuilding). Based on the body constitution to determine the conditions for developing the physical condition and success in the appointed sports. Another objective is to compare the rating form and equation methods for somatotype determination. The sample consist 32 subjects with age between 22-28 years of both sexes, who are dedicated to basketball, or bodybuilding at amateur level.

scholarly journals Classification of traumatic integumentary tissue degloving

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-174
Author(s):  
M.Yu. Korostelev ◽  
◽  
N.G. Shikhaleva ◽  
O.V. Klimov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Condition ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Moving Objects ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Mechanical Action ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fatty Tissue

Introduction Detachment or sharp gross prolonged displacement of the skin, subcutaneous fatty tissue from the underlying fascia over more than 1 % of the body surface with disorders of blood supply to these and sometimes underlying tissues results from high-energy mechanical action of various moving objects and force applied at an angle. Purpose to develop a classification of integumentary tissue detachments based on the variety of clinical types, severity, extent, combination of injuries with a possible quantitative assessment of their severity and extent. Methods Analysis of the literature and our own experience of treating 40 patients with detachments of integumentary tissues enabled to identify criteria for classifying patients into groups. Results A classification and rating scales were developed that reflect the area, depth of tissue damage, localization, general condition of the patient and the stage of the pathological process. Discussion The analysis of the literature on this topic showed that, to date, none of the proposed classifications is optimal. There is no clear definition of the area of compromised integumentary tissues relative to the entire surface of the human body. The issue of pathological process staging has not been reflected; damage and crushing of bones, muscle tissue, neurovascular formations have not been reflected; there is no clearly formulated algorithm for treating a patient depending on the stage and severity of tissue damage. Conclusion Application of the classification of integumentary tissue detachments which has been proposed enables to more objectively assess the nature of local tissue damage, taking into account t he general condition of the patient.

scholarly journals Psychological features of the relationship the parameters of moral and legal reliability and adaptive capabilities of business entities

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
I. Lantukh
Keyword(s):  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Personal Safety ◽  
Legal Personality ◽  
Adaptive Capabilities ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Psychological Features ◽  
The Relationship

The article is devoted to consideration of the problem of development of personal reliability of entrepreneurs.  Application methods: "Personality questionnaire reliability moral and legal personality" (Strizhov);  Expert assessment of the employee's personality (Bovin);  "Multi personality questionnaire Adaptability” "(Maklakov, Chermyanin) allowed to investigate specific features of adaptive capacity studied with different levels of moral and legal reliability, given the socio-psychological and some physiological characteristics that reflect generalized features  neuropsychiatric and social development.  Empirically proved that the psychological factor of personal safety business is a moral and meaningful determination of behavior of the individual. 

scholarly journals COMPOSITION OF LEUKOCYTES IN BLOOD OF GOLDFISH INFECTED BY LIGULA (DIGRAMMA) INTERRUPTA (CESTODA: PSEUDOPHYLLIDEA)

2020 ◽  
pp. 207-212
Author(s):  
Mazur ◽  
Kutyrev ◽  
Dugarov
Keyword(s):  
Body Cavity ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Infected Fish ◽  
The Body ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Atypical Cells ◽  
Parasitic System ◽  
Single Data ◽  
Partner Relations ◽  
The Individual

The tapeworm Ligula interrupta of the genus Ligula (Digramma) (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea) is a specific parasite of freshwater cyprinid fish; its plerocyrcoids are localized in the body cavity causing heavy parasitic pathology. With parasitosis, an important role in the regulation of the pathological process is assigned to the participants of the organism’s protective reactions, among which a special pool of immunocompetent cells – leukocytes – is distinguished. In the literature, there are single data on hemo- and immunopoiesis goldfish with digrammosis. In our work, new data were obtained on the leukocyte composition of the blood of goldfish Carassius auratus (Linnaeus, 1758), infected with Ligula interrupta in conditions of the native range (Shilen Lake and Cheremukhovoe Lake, Lake Baikal basin). All fish specimens caught with seine nets, both infested and noninfested with L. interrupta, were identical by the size and age composition (age +3…+5, body length 145–237 and 150–180 mm, respectively, weight 100–184 and 120–174 g). Hematological studies were carried out according to the Sbornik [2]. To quantify the individual types of leukocytes, the leukocyte profile, expressed in absolute terms, was calculated. Three groups of cells were revealed in the blood of all goldfish species: blast forms, granulocytes (neutrophils, pseudobasophils) and agranulocytes (lymphocytes, monocytes). The decrease in the blood of infected fish of the total number of leukocytes and their various types at all stages of development, the violation of the proliferation and differentiation of lymphoid and granulocytic elements in the studied organs, the formation of vacuolated and atypical cells, the absence of circulating basophils and eosinophils were established. It has been shown that in this parasitic system, partner relations are reduced to the launch of L. interrupta mechanisms that regulate the host's protective immunological processes by the type of inhibition of the acute inflammatory response and the development of mild chronic inflammation.

Chemical shifts in photo–excited Auger spectra

1974 ◽  
Vol 339 (1616) ◽  
pp. 49-72 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Shifts ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Binding Energies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chemical State ◽  
Surface Films ◽  
Ionic Charge ◽  
Auger Spectra ◽  
The Individual

The energies of the LMM Auger transitions show, for certain elements, a far greater dependence on chemical state than do the binding energies of the individual electrons involved in the transitions. This behaviour is not predicted by the existing models for the energy of an Auger transition but is of considerable practical importance in the examination of surface films by X. p. s. It permits, for example, the separation of the photo-excited spectrum due to a surface oxide from that of an underlying metal where this would be impossible by using photoelectrons alone. In this paper we describe the determination of such chemical shifts by the in situ oxidation of evaporated metals in the range iron to selenium. The self-consistency of the body of data thus obtained was checked by the determination of the energies of the excited 3d and 3p states occurring during the LMM transitions. This form of examination also permitted determination of the ‘effective incremental charge’, as postulated in the model of Bergström & Hill (1954), for both the metals and their oxides. This parameter depended very strongly and in a nonlinear way on chemical state. The nonlinearity is accounted for by use of a new model which retains the simplicity of that due to Bergström & Hill but allows the inclusion of polarization and ionic charge effects. In such a sequence of oxides, which have known oxygen densities, the O 1s peak provides an excellent standard against which the intensities of the Auger signals can be compared: it is found that the relative intensity increases linearly from nickel through to arsenic.

scholarly journals DETERMINING THE BIOLOGICAL AGE OF AN INDIVIDUAL IN FORENSIC MEDICINE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeny M. Kil’dyushov
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Medicine ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biological Age ◽  
Current State ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
The Individual ◽  
New Research ◽  
Diagnostic Capabilities

The authors consider the current state of the issue of the diagnostic capabilities of vital and postmortem determination of the biological age of the individual on the basis of morphological variability of bone and cartilage structures of the body, teeth, nails, skin. They note that despite almost century of experience in conducting research to determine the age of corpses and individual, there are a lot of unlit moments. Macroscopic morphological methods of assessing external parameters have insufficient accuracy. Some methods have a large, others - a smaller error in setting the age. This demonstrates the significance of further development of new research techniques to increase the methods used in forensic medicine in order to more accurately determine a person's biological age.

scholarly journals The relative intensities of the groups in the magnetic β-ray spectra of radium B and radium C

1927 ◽  
Vol 114 (767) ◽  
pp. 276-288 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Unique Determination ◽  
Level System ◽  
Intensity Measurements ◽  
Accuracy Of Measurements ◽  
Important Addition ◽  
Γ Rays ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual

It is well known that the study of the energy of the groups of homogeneous β-particles emitted by radio-active bodies has led to many important results, of these the chief is that these groups are due to the conversion of the characteristic γ-rays emitted by the body during the disintegration. From the measurement of the energy of these groups, it has been possible to deduce the energy or frequency of the γ-rays, and there appears to be evidence indicating that the γ-rays are associated with a nuclear level system in the manner familiar from X-ray and optical spectra. This opens up a promising field of work, since a knowledge of these level systems, and the way they varied from body to body would be an important addition to our all too scanty knowledge of the nucleus. Unfortunately, it must be admitted that the existing measurements of the β-ray groups are not of sufficient accuracy to provide a unique determination of the level system, they indicate strongly that the level systems exist, but it is difficult to deduce the actual arrangement with any certainty. An increase in the accuracy of the β-ray measurement would undoubtedly lead to interesting conclusions, but no simple way has as yet been proposed by which this can be achieved. Instead of attempting this method we have attacked the β- and γ-ray problem from another side. Previous investigations have been concerned chiefly with the energy of the individual electrons comprising the β-ray groups and of the γ-rays which can be deduced from them, but it is clear that any theory of their role in the disintegration must also take into consideration their intensities. This seems to be a more promising method of advance than that of trying to increase the accuracy of measurements already carried to a fraction of a per cent., since even approximate values of the intensities would be valuable. There are three main lines along which intensity measurements can usefully be made, one of which is the subject of the present paper. Considered by itself, each is interesting, but since it appears likely that the most valuable results will be obtained by comparing all three, it is permissible to refer briefly to them here.

scholarly journals Spiritual and moral development of the individual in Russia in the XXI century

2021 ◽  
Vol 284 ◽  
pp. 08020
Author(s):  
Dina Kazantseva ◽  
Elena Tkach ◽  
Lyudmila Shukshina ◽  
Svetlana Taisaeva ◽  
Elena Dolgova
Keyword(s):  
Moral Development ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Moral Foundations ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Expert Survey ◽  
The Media ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
The Individual

Nowadays the spiritual and moral tendencies of Russian society are due to the opposition of the spiritual and moral foundations of the traditional mentality to the intrusion of Western non-traditional mentality values. As a result of the imbalance, the spiritual image of Russian society, as well as the spiritual and moral image of the individual, his worldview is transformed. The representatives of educational institutes, state and municipal authorities, the media, who are most closely related to this problem, discuss the issues of the spiritual and moral development of a personality, emphasizing their importance for the civilizational future of Russia. An expert assessment of spirituality and morality provides the opportunity to determine the possible ways of overcoming the crisis. In this regard, an expert survey as a sociological study was conducted in three stages: in 2009 it was a pilot study to clarify the toolkit, as well as in 2010 and 2019 there were some surveys of the representatives of three activity areas. The research was based on such approaches as personal, activity, systemic and subjective. The results were the consideration of the experts’ understanding of the content of the concepts “spirituality”, “morality”, “spiritual and moral development”, the determination of the level of morality and spirituality of Russian society, the conditions that cause its decline, and the conditions, resulting in its development. An expert survey made it possible to reveal a low level of the spiritual and moral development of the society, distortion of the spiritual and moral baselines for the development.

Gender determination of caucasoid hair using image analysis

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 216-217
Author(s):  
T.B. Ball ◽  
W.M. Hess
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Scalp Hair ◽  
The Body ◽  
Equivalent Diameter ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Morphological Differences

It has been demonstrated that cross sections of bundles of hair can be effectively studied using image analysis. These studies can help to elucidate morphological differences of hair from one region of the body to another. The purpose of the present investigation was to use image analysis to determine whether morphological differences could be demonstrated between male and female human Caucasian terminal scalp hair.Hair samples were taken from the back of the head from 18 caucasoid males and 13 caucasoid females (Figs. 1-2). Bundles of 50 hairs were processed for cross-sectional examination and then analyzed using Prism Image Analysis software on a Macintosh llci computer. Twenty morphological parameters of size and shape were evaluated for each hair cross-section. The size parameters evaluated were area, convex area, perimeter, convex perimeter, length, breadth, fiber length, width, equivalent diameter, and inscribed radius. The shape parameters considered were formfactor, roundness, convexity, solidity, compactness, aspect ratio, elongation, curl, and fractal dimension.

Influence of stable iodine on the uptake of the thyroid – model vs. experiment

2001 ◽  
Vol 40 (01) ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Wellner ◽  
E. Voth ◽  
H. Schicha ◽  
K. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
The Body ◽  
Iodine Uptake ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Iodine Supply ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Stable Iodine

Summary Aim: The influence of physiological and pharmacological amounts of iodine on the uptake of radioiodine in the thyroid was examined in a 4-compartment model. This model allows equations to be derived describing the distribution of tracer iodine as a function of time. The aim of the study was to compare the predictions of the model with experimental data. Methods: Five euthyroid persons received stable iodine (200 μg, 10 mg). 1-123-uptake into the thyroid was measured with the Nal (Tl)-detector of a body counter under physiological conditions and after application of each dose of additional iodine. Actual measurements and predicted values were compared, taking into account the individual iodine supply as estimated from the thyroid uptake under physiological conditions and data from the literature. Results: Thyroid iodine uptake decreased from 80% under physiological conditions to 50% in individuals with very low iodine supply (15 μg/d) (n = 2). The uptake calculated from the model was 36%. Iodine uptake into the thyroid did not decrease in individuals with typical iodine supply, i.e. for Cologne 65-85 μg/d (n = 3). After application of 10 mg of stable iodine, uptake into the thyroid decreased in all individuals to about 5%, in accordance with the model calculations. Conclusion: Comparison of theoretical predictions with the measured values demonstrated that the model tested is well suited for describing the time course of iodine distribution and uptake within the body. It can now be used to study aspects of iodine metabolism relevant to the pharmacological administration of iodine which cannot be investigated experimentally in humans for ethical and technical reasons.

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