scholarly journals Significance of analysis of lipid extracts in cervical canal secretion for diagnosing of placenta-associated complications of pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
NA Lomova ◽  
VV Chagovets ◽  
AO Tokareva ◽  
EL Dolgopolova ◽  
TE Karapetyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
Spectrometric Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Model ◽  
Mass Analyzer ◽  
Cervical Canal ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Diagnostic Approaches ◽  
Lipid Compounds ◽  
Cervicovaginal Fluid

Omics technologies hold great potential as the basis for development of the new diagnostic approaches in obstetrics. Cervicovaginal fluid (CVF) as part of the mother-placenta-fetus system can be used to diagnose obstetric complications. This study aimed to identify the features of lipid composition of the cervical canal secretion peculiar to Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) and preeclampsia (PE). We took CVF samples from 57 pregnant women and subjected them to an in-depth clinical-anamnestic and mass-spectrometric analysis. Lipid extracts of CVF were analyzed with a liquid chromatography system coupled with a mass analyzer. As a result, we identified 239 lipid compounds. In case of 17 lipids, mathematical analysis revealed significant differences between samples from women with normal pregnancy indicator values (normal group) and patients from the IUGR group (p < 0.05). As for the normal group and PE group patients, there were significant differences identified for 3 lipids (p < 0.05). Comparison of samples from the PE and IUGR groups yielded statistically significant differences in levels of two lipids (p < 0.05). Mainly, the lipids were oxylipins, sphingomyelins, triglycerides, and cardiolipins. The developed diagnostic model had the sensitivity of 0.81 and specificity of 0.91 (cut-off level — 0.50; AUC — 0.85). The data obtained are valuable in the context of development of the new methods of diagnosing placentaassociated complications of pregnancy and for understanding new mechanisms of pathogenesis of these complications.

What is the role of trials and other ‘well-designed’ studies in the understanding of neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions

2020 ◽  
pp. 441-444
Author(s):  
Carol Brayne
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Tertiary Prevention ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Diagnostic Approaches ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Conditions

This chapter lays out a brief summary of the ways in which we bring our contemporary and past knowledge of disorders together in a way that can integrate impact for society. The value of diagnosis can be viewed from different perspectives and sectors of any particular society. There have been many changes to the definitions of many, if not most, disorders and diseases affecting human populations due to changing biologies and new methods of investigation. This includes change in diagnostic approaches and definitions, the approaches currently used in Global Burden of Disease and Health Life Expectancies as well as public health approaches to bringing together evidence about primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.

scholarly journals Fetoplacental Weight Relationship in Normal Pregnancy and Pregnancy Complicated by Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension and Abruption of Placenta among Mothers Who Gave Birth in Southern Ethiopia, 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Tsegaye Mehare ◽  
Daniel Kebede
Keyword(s):  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Pregnancy Induced Hypertension ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Weight Relationship ◽  
Induced Hypertension ◽  
In Pregnancy

Introduction. Placenta is a complex multifunctional organ that maintains pregnancy and promotes normal fetal development. The fetal outcome is adversely influenced by pathological changes in the placenta because it is a mirror that reflects the intrauterine status of the fetus. Placental abnormalities are considered a leading cause of maternal and prenatal mortality. This study aimed to assess the fetoplacental weight relationship in pregnancy-induced hypertension and abruption placenta and compare with the normal one. Objective. This study designed to assess fetoplacental weight relationships in normal pregnancy and pregnancy complicated by pregnancy-induced hypertension and abruption of placenta among mothers who gave birth in Dilla University Referral Hospital, southern Ethiopia, 2018. Materials and Methods. Institution-based comparative cross-sectional study was used on 50 placentas from mothers with pregnancy-induced hypertension, 50 placentas from mothers with abruption of placenta, and 50 placentas from mothers with normal pregnancy (control) with an age range of 19–34 years. The weight of the placenta and newborn were taken and the fetoplacental ratio was calculated. Results. Placental index as well as the weight of the newborn shows statistically significant (p<0.001) difference in pregnancy-induced hypertension and abruption placenta group compared with the normal group. The mean of the fetoplacental ratio in the normal group was 5.52 ± 0.07, in pregnancy-induced hypertension was 5.15 ± 0.11, whereas the abruption placenta was 4.99 ± 0.82. Conclusion. Both PIH and abruption placenta were associated with remarkable changes in the placenta index such as small placental weight and diameter and results in different kinds of congenital anomalies and low birth weight of the baby. Hence, fetoplacental ratio was altered. The lowest fetoplacental ratio was 4.99 for abruption placenta, and the highest was for a normal group of the placenta which was 5.52. Therefore, an examination of the placenta before and after birth guarantees for feto-maternal health.

scholarly journals COVID-19: A Centennial Pandemic from Origin to Clinical Trials

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-52
Author(s):  
Ruddhida R Vidwans ◽  
Manendra Babu Lankadasari
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
World Health ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Contagious Nature ◽  
Diagnostic Approaches ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Viral Outbreak

AbstractIn December 2019, an unexpected interaction of coronavirus with human’s occurred for the third time in history after Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in 2002-2003 and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in 2012. Soon the virus was confirmed as SARS-CoV-2, and the severity of its transmission lead the World Health Organization to declare it as World Pandemic. Due to its highly contagious nature, new methods like social distancing, self-hygiene and quarantine were being adopted by many countries to halt the transmission. Due to the dearth in specific therapeutics and/or vaccines against Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19), a significant thrust in drugs and vaccine discovery was ratified by all the nations. The current review comprehensively details about the emergence and molecular pathogenesis with an interesting timeline which notes all the major events during this crisis. Given the potential general readers and health workers, the symptoms and diagnostic approaches were simplified. Emphasis was given to therapeutic approaches and clinical trials section to support the translational research and to cope up with the viral outbreak.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Spot Urinary Calcium to Creatinine Ratio in Preeclampsia: A Cross Sectional Comparative Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Hasina Begum ◽  
Md Nazibur Rahman ◽  
Menoka Ferdous ◽  
Sankar Kumar Basak ◽  
Nilufar Yasmin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Urinary Calcium ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
Uric Acid Concentration ◽  
Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy related condition leading to significant mortality and morbidity. A number of renal changes are seen in preeclampsia.Objectives: This study was designed to determine the association of calcium to creatinine ratio in a spot sample of urine with preeclampsia.Methodology: This cross-sectional comparative study was conducted in the Obstetrics & Gynaecology department of Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Pregnant women with preeclampsia without complication and women with normal pregnancy without complications were selected for the study. Calcium, creatinine, Protein and calcium to creatinine ratio was measured in a spot urine sample of all these 150 subjects. Blood was also collected from all the cases for measurement of serum calcium, creatinine and uric acid.Results: A total of 150 pregnant women, 75 with preeclampsia without complication and 75 with normal pregnancy without complications were selected for the study. Significant difference between PE and normal group was observed in case of mean serum calcium and uric acid concentration but mean serum creatinine did not vary significantly. Urinary creatinine concentration did not show any significant difference. But mean urinary calcium concentration in spot sample of urine was significantly lower in preeclampsia than normal pregnant woman (3.45 ± 2.61 mg/dl vs 7.39 ± 2.80 mg/dl, p< 0.001). Similarly mean calcium to creatinine ratio in spot sample of urine was significantly lower in the pre-eclampsia than normal group (0.06 ± 0.05 vs 0.13 ± 0.06, p<0.001). Positive correlation was observed between urinary calcium/creatinine ratio and urinary calcium (r=+0.68, p<0.001) but negative correlation (r = - 0.39, p<0.001) noted between urinary calcium/creatinine and urinary protein.Conclusion: Spot urinary calcium and creatinine ratio decreases in preeclampsia. So spot urinary calcium and creatinine ratio can be regarded as a predictor for preeclampsia.Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2017;3(1): 14-20

scholarly journals Nipple Aspirate Fluid Proteome of Healthy Females and Patients with Breast Cancer

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 848-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria P Pavlou ◽  
Vathany Kulasingam ◽  
Edward R Sauter ◽  
Beth Kliethermes ◽  
Eleftherios P Diamandis
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Protein Separation ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Spectrometric Analysis ◽  
Mass Analyzer ◽  
Nipple Aspirate Fluid ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Proteome Database ◽  
Cancer Multiple

Abstract Background: The ductal/alveolar system of the female breast constantly secretes and reabsorbs fluid in nonpregnant/nonlactating women. This fluid, referred to as nipple aspirate fluid (NAF), can be obtained by a noninvasive procedure and it is part of the microenvironment where more than 95% of breast cancers arise. Methods: Using an Orbitrap® mass analyzer coupled to a linear ion trap, we performed an in-depth proteomic analysis of NAF samples obtained from 3 healthy individuals and 3 patients with breast cancer. Multiple fractionation methods such as size-exclusion and anion-exchange chromatography were applied for protein separation before mass spectrometric analysis. Results: We identified more than 800 unique proteins in total, generating the most extensive NAF proteome thus far. Using gene ontology, we classified the identified proteins by their subcellular localization and found that more than 50% were extracellular or plasma membrane proteins. By searching against the Plasma Proteome Database, we confirmed that 40% of the proteins were also found in the plasma. Unigene database searching for transcripts of the proteins not found in the plasma revealed that the vast majority were expressed in the mammary gland. Conclusions: Our extensive proteome database for NAF may be helpful in the identification of novel cancer biomarkers.

Replication of Wet Objects and Cells

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 102-103
Author(s):  
S. Basu ◽  
D. F. Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor Pressure ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Polystyrene Latex ◽  
Vacuum System ◽  
Saturated Water Vapor ◽  
Replication Method ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Saturated Water ◽  
Water Vapors ◽  
Intermediate Chamber

We are approaching the invasiveness of cancer cells from the studies of their wet surface morphology which should distinguish them from their normal counterparts. In this report attempts have been made to provide physical basis and background work to a wet replication method with a differentially pumped hydration chamber (Fig. 1) (1,2), to apply this knowledge for obtaining replica of some specimens of known features (e.g. polystyrene latex) and finally to realize more specific problems and to improvize new methods and instrumentation for their rectification. In principle, the evaporant molecules penetrate through a pair of apertures (250, 350μ), through water vapors and is, then, deposited on the specimen. An intermediate chamber between the apertures is pumped independently of the high vacuum system. The size of the apertures is sufficiently small so that full saturated water vapor pressure is maintained near the specimen.

A Freeze Shadow Technique for the Preparation of Soft Paint Latexes for Electron Microscopy

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 314-315
Author(s):  
Earl R. Walter ◽  
Glen H. Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Vacuum System ◽  
Latex Particles ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Diffusion Pump ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
Routine Basis ◽  
Distribution Studies ◽  
Preparation Techniques

With the development of soft, film forming latexes for use in paints and other coatings applications, it became desirable to develop new methods of sample preparation for latex particle size distribution studies with the electron microscope. Conventional latex sample preparation techniques were inadequate due to the pronounced tendency of these new soft latex particles to distort, flatten and fuse on the substrate when they dried. In order to avoid these complications and obtain electron micrographs of undistorted latex particles of soft resins, a freeze-dry, cold shadowing technique was developed. The method has now been used in our laboratory on a routine basis for several years.The cold shadowing is done in a specially constructed vacuum system, having a conventional mechanical fore pump and oil diffusion pump supplying vacuum. The system incorporates bellows type high vacuum valves to permit a prepump cycle and opening of the shadowing chamber without shutting down the oil diffusion pump. A baffeled sorption trap isolates the shadowing chamber from the pumps.

Directional observation on lipid of male nectary of Lindera megaphylla hemsl. by the rapid embedding method with polyethylene glycol (PEG)

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 718-719
Author(s):  
Dai Dalin ◽  
Guo Jianmin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Unsaturated Lipid ◽  
Embedding Method ◽  
Long Period ◽  
New Methods

Lipid cytochemistry has not yet advanced far at the EM level. A major problem has been the loss of lipid during dehydration and embedding. Although the adoption of glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide accelerate the chemical reaction of lipid and osmium tetroxide can react on the double bouds of unsaturated lipid to from the osmium black, osmium tetroxide can be reduced in saturated lipid and subsequently some of unsaturated lipid are lost during dehydration. In order to reduce the loss of lipid by traditional method, some researchers adopted a few new methods, such as the change of embedding procedure and the adoption of new embedding media, to solve the problem. In a sense, these new methods are effective. They, however, usually require a long period of preparation. In this paper, we do research on the fiora nectary strucure of lauraceae by the rapid-embedding method wwith PEG under electron microscope and attempt to find a better method to solve the problem mentioned above.

Confronting the grey zone after severe brain injury

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 707-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Peterson ◽  
Adrian M. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Vegetative State ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Grey Zone ◽  
Severe Brain Injury ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Legal Decision Making ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
The Brain

In recent years, rapid technological developments in the field of neuroimaging have provided several new methods for revealing thoughts, actions and intentions based solely on the pattern of activity that is observed in the brain. In specialized centres, these methods are now being employed routinely to assess residual cognition, detect consciousness and even communicate with some behaviorally non-responsive patients who clinically appear to be comatose or in a vegetative state. In this article, we consider some of the ethical issues raised by these developments and the profound implications they have for clinical care, diagnosis, prognosis and medical-legal decision-making after severe brain injury.

F. New Methods of Disinfection and Sterilization

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 380-380
Author(s):  
Kazuei Ogoshi ◽  
Taiji Akamatsu ◽  
Hiroyasu Iishi ◽  
Daizo Saito ◽  
Nobuhiro Sakaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Methods
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