scholarly journals Home Hygiene and Prevention of Infections

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. S79-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoe F.Y Lai ◽  
Sukhpreet Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Indirect Contact ◽  
Institutional Settings ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Public Areas ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Risk Of Disease ◽  
Prevention Of Infections

Health is wealth - a famous proverb that almost everyone has heard of but may not have fully understood its essence. Health comes from maintaining cleanliness and hygiene which starts from home and expands to workplaces and public areas. By practicing hygiene in the home and everyday life settings, it will have impact significantly in reducing the global burden of infectious diseases that kills over 17 million people a year. Mainly caused by microorganisms, infections can easily spread by direct and indirect contact. Common infectious diseases include chickenpox, common cold, malaria and pertussis. These diseases tend to have specific symptoms such as fever, diarrhoea, fatigue and muscle aches. In institutional settings, such as schools and child-cares settings, information relating hand hygiene is routine. However, the home environment is one of the potential sources of transmission of infectious diseases. This situation, of course, needs to be re-evaluated and the promotion of home hygiene should be encouraged. Positive correlation has been found between home hygiene practices and risk of disease transmission in homes where the first line of defence against infectious diseases is cleaning and disinfecting plus maintaining good hand hygiene. But, the implementation for an effective policy to monitor home hygiene is rather complex due to varying determinants of health. In a nutshell, proper home hygiene and cleaning practices lead to reduced risk of spreading infectious diseases. They should form the key issues in the practice of health promotion in the community and institutions.

scholarly journals Hand Hygiene Practices Among Adults with Diabetes Living in Communities: The 2015 Korea Community Health Survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1279
Author(s):  
Mi Ah Han
Keyword(s):  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Improve Hand Hygiene ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Community Health Survey

Hand hygiene is the most effective strategy to prevent infectious diseases. This study investigated and compared the hand hygiene practices of adults with diabetes and an age- and gender-matched comparison group. Adults with diabetes (n = 22,920) who participated in the 2015 Korea Community Health Survey and an appropriate comparison group (n = 22,920) were selected. Descriptive analyses, chi-square tests, and multiple logistic regression analyses were used. Greater than 98% of participants with diabetes recognized that hand hygiene helps prevent infectious diseases. Among participants with diabetes, 84.3%, 82.4%, 72.5%, and 64.1% washed their hands frequently before eating, after using the restroom, after returning from the outdoors, and with soap or hand sanitizer, respectively, but these values were significantly lower than those of the comparison group. After performing multiple regression analyses, treatments for diabetes, being educated about diabetes management and handwashing, and awareness of hemoglobin A1c levels were significantly associated with hand hygiene practices in participants with diabetes. Almost all people with diabetes were aware of the efficacy of hand hygiene, but handwashing rates were significantly lower in people with diabetes than in the comparison group. Considering treatments for diabetes, educational campaigns regarding handwashing, and increasing awareness of handwashing efficacy will help improve hand hygiene in people with diabetes.

scholarly journals Ship Sanitation: Controlling and Preventing Risk Factors of Disease Transmission

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
Yetty Septiani Mustar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Maritime Transport ◽  
Risk Of Disease ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
National Economies

The spread of infectious diseases globally has been a threat to public health and national economies for many centuries. One of the undeniable sectors that contributed to the spread of disease is maritime transport. This research aimed to examine ship sanitation for controlling and preventing the potential risk of disease transmission. This study used an observational survey method, with a sample of 24 ships that anchored in the port of Kendari by using an accidental sampling technique. Findings from this research revealed that there were ships with high-risk sanitation categories or have unqualified levels of sanitation. The main determinants that contribute to accelerating the global transmission of many infectious diseases on the ship are the sign and presence of vectors. Outbreaks associated with the presence of vectors on board are usually related to inadequate control and sanitation along with insufficient attention to preventing contamination. Therefore, the crewmember on board needs to increase their knowledge through various ship sanitation training, develop sanitation programs and integrate sustainable monitoring and evaluation programs of vectors toimprove sanitation as an effort to prevent risk factors for disease transmission.

scholarly journals Adoption of recommended hand hygiene practices to limit zoonotic disease transmission at agricultural fairs

2020 ◽  
Vol 182 ◽  
pp. 105116
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Lauterbach ◽  
Sarah W. Nelson ◽  
Alison M. Martin ◽  
Michele M. Spurck ◽  
Dimitria A. Mathys ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Zoonotic Disease ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Agricultural Fairs ◽  
Zoonotic Disease Transmission

HVAC system requirements for protection against epidemics similar to Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 001-013
Author(s):  
Ali Kemal CAKIR
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Hvac Systems ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Infectious Disease Transmission ◽  
Indirect Contact ◽  
Engineering Controls ◽  
Short Term Exposure

Tuberculosis and in some cases, flu, colds and other airborne diseases. Since research is one of the biggest concerns of causing influenza pandemics, most research surrounding aerosol contamination revolves around environmental influences on the influenza virus. Many literatures suggest that influenza is transmitted primarily through close contact, such as exposure to large respiratory droplets, direct mouth-to-mouth contact and short-term exposure to infectious aerosols. Diffusion can be accelerated or controlled by heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. Researches continue that advances state of knowledge in the specific techniques that control airborne infectious disease transmission through HVAC systems, including ventilation rates, airflow regimes, filtration, and ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI). In this paper three methods of transmission of Airborne Infectious Diseases are discussed, namely through direct contact, large droplet contact, inhalation of droplet core. An extensive literature review of many papers was conducted infectious diseases spread in several different ways and the transmission of infectious viruses. This review targets direct and indirect contact as well as infectious viruses known to be transmitted from the air. And he focused on preventive ventilation systems for these targets. This paper will give idea to support further research on engineering controls to reduce infectious disease transmission.

scholarly journals Detailed Analysis of Surface Infection Barrier on Hands: Relationship with Morbidity to Infection Diseases and Identification of Antimicrobial Components

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Nishioka ◽  
Kenichi Nagano ◽  
Yoshitaka Koga ◽  
Yasuhiro Okada ◽  
Ichiro Mori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
History Of ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractAlthough the surface of hands in humans is known to harbor high levels of antimicrobial activity, reports investigating the relationship between antimicrobial activity and morbidity in infectious diseases are lacking. Additionally, the precise components involved in this activity are not known. Therefore, in this study, a method was developed to quantitatively measure the antimicrobial activity of the components found on the surface of hands, which was then compared with the medical history of the participants for infectious diseases. As a result, the antimicrobial activity of the surface of the hands was found to be positively associated with the history of infection in individuals. Furthermore, a comprehensive analysis of the components on the surface of hands indicated that organic acids and antimicrobial peptides are highly correlated with antimicrobial activity. The high amounts of lactic acid found on the surface of hands suggested it is an important factor in the hand surface infection barrier. Here we showed that the application of lactic acid within the range of the amounts present on the hand surface was found to significantly improve the antimicrobial activity of the hands. Taken together, these results demonstrate that this new method can be used to quantify antimicrobial activity, which opens new avenues for the development of hand hygiene practices by enhancing the antimicrobial activity on the surface of hands using natural ingredients against pathogens.

scholarly journals Conflicts and the spread of plagues in pre-industrial Europe

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Kaniewski ◽  
Nick Marriner
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Little Ice Age ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Risk Of Disease ◽  
Sanitary Conditions ◽  
European Populations

AbstractOne of the most devastating environmental consequences of war is the disruption of peacetime human–microbe relationships, leading to outbreaks of infectious diseases. Indirectly, conflicts also have severe health consequences due to population displacements, with a heightened risk of disease transmission. While previous research suggests that conflicts may have accentuated historical epidemics, this relationship has never been quantified. Here, we use annually resolved data to probe the link between climate, human behavior (i.e. conflicts), and the spread of plague epidemics in pre-industrial Europe (AD 1347–1840). We find that AD 1450–1670 was a particularly violent period of Europe’s history, characterized by a mean twofold increase in conflicts. This period was concurrent with steep upsurges in plague outbreaks. Cooler climate conditions during the Little Ice Age further weakened afflicted groups, making European populations less resistant to pathogens, through malnutrition and deteriorating living/sanitary conditions. Our analysis demonstrates that warfare provided a backdrop for significant microbial opportunity in pre-industrial Europe.

Wireless Badge Tracks Hand-Hygiene Practices

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
MIRIAM E. TUCKER
Keyword(s):  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Hygiene Practices

Nurses' hand hygiene practices: Effects of scenario, knowledge, and locus of control

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Collins McLaughlin ◽  
Grace E. Anxieter ◽  
Amanda T. Hemmer
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Hygiene Practices
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