KEBENARAN DAN KERAGUAN DALAM STUDI KEISLAMAN (TELAAH PEMIKIRAN CHARLES SANDER PEIRCE DALAM BUKU CONTEMPORARY ANALYTIC PHILOSHOPHY)

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-109
Author(s):  
Afga Sidiq Rifai
Keyword(s):  
Religious Studies ◽  
Good Theory ◽  
Philosophical Thinking ◽  
Truth Claim ◽  
Truth Claims ◽  
Theoretical Thinking

Theory of belief and doubt Charles Sander Peirce gives fresh air to the problems faced by Muslims who are trapped in madzhabiyah and class fanaticism. Charles S. Peirce with the theory of Pragmatism tries to pioneer new philosophical thinking, where good theory must lead to the discovery of new facts and the consequences of theoretical thinking in practice does not stop at doctrine and truth claims (truth claim). Arguments that want to be proposed are beliefs about the truth if a test can be carried out to find truths about their beliefs that will give meaning. In religious studies the approach of Charles S. Peirce's theory is important to find the meaning of a truth that is believed. Keywords: Belief, doubt, Islamic study, Charles Sander Peirce

scholarly journals ‘That’s What Art Does’: Disclosing Religious and Ethical Possibilities Through Film

Sophia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikel Burley
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Religion ◽  
Religious Ethics ◽  
Philosophical Thinking ◽  
Form Of Life ◽  
Truth Claims ◽  
Dead Man

AbstractThe significance of narrative artworks as resources for, and possibly as instances of, philosophical thinking has increasingly been recognized over recent decades. Utilization of such resources in philosophy of religion has, however, been limited. Focusing on film in particular, this article develops an account of film’s importance for a ‘contemplative’ approach to philosophizing about religious ethics, an approach that prioritizes the elucidation of possibilities of sense over the evaluation of ‘truth claims’. Taking Dead Man Walking as a case in point, the article shows how this film facilitates an enhanced comprehension of specific concepts, most notably the concepts of faith, truth and love, as they feature within a characteristically Christian form of life.

scholarly journals Has Latour Real-ly Unravelled the Real: The Journey from Laboratory Life to Down to Earth?

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-41
Author(s):  
Charles Lawson
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Social Construction ◽  
The Real ◽  
Truth Claim ◽  
The Social ◽  
Truth Claims ◽  
Scientific Facts ◽  
Laboratory Life

This article traces Bruno Latour’s answer to the question ‘what is real?’ from Latour and Steve Woolgar in Laboratory Life: The Social Construction of Scientific Facts (1979) through to Latour in Down to Earth: Politics in the New Climate Change (2018). This intriguing question arises because Latour’s hypothesis in Down to Earth presumes that climate change is ‘real’, while in Laboratory Life, hard facts were considered constructions. The journey reveals Latour’s own ‘real’ lies between the extreme science realists (facts are either true or false) and extreme social relativists (facts are a social construction), although favouring the relativists. A closer analysis, however, shows that Latour’s project is really about truth claims and that the real question is couched in terms rejecting the modernist settlement of ontological assumptions and basing truth on credibility determined by the strength of associations; the more associations, the more ‘real’ the truth claim. Ultimately, Latour elegantly sidesteps the real question and how he does this is real-ly unrivalled.

Al Fārūqī between the History of Religions and Islamic Theology

Numen ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 230-250
Author(s):  
Abdulkader Tayob
Keyword(s):  
Religious Studies ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Islamic Theology ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of Religions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Truth Claims ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S

Abstract Ismāʿīl Rājī al Fārūqī (1921–1986) played a considerable role in the academic study of Islam as it was developing in North America in the 1960s and 1970s. This paper is a critical examination of how he employed the categories of religion and religious studies in his scholarly, dialogical, and Islamist work. The paper follows his ideas of religious traditions, their truth claims, and ethical engagement in the world. For Al Fārūqī, these constituted the main foundations of all religions, and provided a distinctive approach to the study of religions. Al Fārūqī was critical of the then prevailing approaches, asserting that they were either too subjective or too reductionist. He offered an approach to the study of religions based on a Kantian approach to values. Al Fārūqī’s method and theory, however, could not escape the bias and prejudice that he tried to avoid. Following his arguments, I show that his reflections on religion and its systematic study in academia charted an approach to religions, but also provided a language for a particular Islamic theology that delegitimized other approaches, particularly experiential ones, in modern Islam.

The Spooky Politics of Dark Truths

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 237-257
Author(s):  
Richard Newton
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Identity Politics ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Religious Studies ◽  
College Campuses ◽  
Social Boundaries ◽  
Social Commentary ◽  
Truth Claims

Abstract As social theory garners cache in departments of Religious Studies, scholars find themselves unclear about how to address the notion of truth. This paper approaches truth as an opportunity to explain the role of truth-claims in erecting and razing social boundaries. It begins by reframing or “signifying on” Alan Race’s typology of exclusivism, inclusivism, and pluralism in order to register social formations rather than soteriological criteria. Then it reviews moments in African American cultural history in order to explain the ways people mediate identity politics though truth-claims. Readers will visit three, race-centered debates over memorials on college campuses in the United States of America as case studies for demonstrating this perspectival shift. In so doing, the paper presents an alternative model for the kind of analytical social commentary Religious Studies scholars may provide their publics.

scholarly journals “The Earth Is Flat!” The Literary Complexity of Truth, Lies and Fake Knowledge

Pólemos ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-15
Author(s):  
Svend Erik Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Interdisciplinary Collaboration ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Contemporary Debate ◽  
Research Technology ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Truth Claim ◽  
Financial Investments ◽  
Science And Culture ◽  
Truth Claims

AbstractTruth is never self-evident or based on ocular proof alone. It has to be based on an argument and, thus, to be shaped for communication, which makes knowledge with a truth-claim a social phenomenon that can only be obtained through a complex mediation of theoretical preconditions, research technology, interdisciplinary collaboration and significant financial investments. Moreover, it is always disseminated in a politically charged context through complex media platforms, today ranging from journals and monographs to social media. The contemporary debate on truth-claims, and thus on ontology and epistemology, often lacks historical perspective beyond its contemporaneity nurtured by the debates about fake news. Yet, the awareness of the lies and fake knowledge this modern complexity may release was clear already in the emerging modern entanglement of science and culture during the Enlightenment, before electronic media. A reading of the comedy “Erasmus Montanus” (1731) by Ludvig Holberg serves as a case in point.

scholarly journals Review of Apophatic Literary Criticism. Notes of a Non-philologist

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 200-205
Author(s):  
A. Buller
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Religious Studies ◽  
Arthur Schopenhauer ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Philosophical Thinking ◽  
Creative Power ◽  
Universal Principles ◽  
Apophatic Theology ◽  
Will To Live ◽  
Philosophical Nature

Apophatic Literary Criticism. Notes of a Non-philologist’ by Marianna Dudareva demonstrates Russian spirit and reflects the immense variety of characters and plots that influence people and manifest the creative power of literature. The author introduces a number of writers, from Sergei Yesenin to Vladimir Korolenko, with unique literary styles and a common apophatic approach to reality. The term apophatic comes from the Greek word to deny and initially referred to religious studies where it served both as a concept and a method. Apophatic theology attempted to approach God by negations rather than affirmations of what God is. M. Dudareva’s work showcases how literature studies instrumentalize the apophatic method of philosophy. This review complements the study with a reflection on the topic of death and its inextricable connection with life. Literature speaks of life and dwells on the struggle for life, that is also key to philosophical thinking. Enough to mention Arthur Schopenhauer and his idea of the will to live. In contrast to philosophy, literature uses a vivid, colorful, and copious language, while philosophy is concerned with universal principles. Some distinguished authors managed to bridge this gap. For instance, Dostoevsky, Nietzsche, and Sartre created works of both literary and philosophical nature. The same can be traced in the short stories by B. Zaytsev and A. Grin, analyzed in the book. B. Zaytsev writes about death approaching us first through others, this idea is also found in V. Jankélévitch’s work Death. Death is never ours for it is always we or our death, but when we see it around it causes anxiety and fear. In Avdot’ya-smert’ (Avdot’ya-Death) the main character says a prayer to be relieved of her mother and son, whom she considers a burden. Once death enters their home it never stops, it gets closer, and at the end of the story it takes Avdot’ya too. In Grin’s Fighting Death, death struck Lorkh falls asleep and herein dreaming is not a harbinger of the darkness of eternal sleep. On the contrary, Lorkh wakes up willful and hopeful, he fights for his life and succeeds. These stories vibrantly illustrate the victory of life over death and death over life as the result of exercising one’s free will. Color in literature is another topic touched upon by the author. M. Dudareva refers to Goethe’s Zur Farbenlehre to speak about contrasts, and R. Steiner to underline the importance of black in creating an image where color range matches the emotional range.

scholarly journals PENDEKATAN PARSIAL-SIMULTAN DAN ANALISIS INDUKTIF: Metode Efektif Penelusuran dan Pemahaman Hadis Prasangka

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Lathifatul Izzah
Keyword(s):  
Simultaneous Approach ◽  
Truth Claim ◽  
Truth Claims ◽  
Inductive Analysis

<p class="06IsiAbstrak"><span lang="EN-GB">Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis penelusuran hadis dalam membuktikan keotentikan hadis-hadis prasangka riwayat Abu Hurairah yang di-takhrij al-Bukhari melalui pendekatan parsial dan simultan, dan menganalisis <em>fiqhul hadits</em>-nya. Pendekatan parsial yang dipakai dalam menguji keotentikan hadis prasangka dilakukan dengan cara menguji ke-<em>tsiqah</em>-an para periwayat, menguji persambungan sanad, dan menguji matan hadis. Sedang pendekatan simultan dilakukan dengan cara menelusuri, menganalisis, dan menyimpulkan peran hadis <em>tawabi’</em> dan <em>shawahid</em>. Hadis prasangka riwayat Abu Hurairah yang di-takhrij al-Bukhari merupakan hadis yang berkualitas <em>sahih lidhatih</em>. Disamping itu, hadis ini juga adalah hadis <em>masyhur</em> berdasarkan penelitian <em>tawabi’</em> dan <em>syawahid</em>-nya. Hadis ini juga memberikan pemahaman pada umat Islam agar menghindari prasangka buruk. Prasangka merupakan perkataan yang paling dusta. Prasangka buruk akan melahirkan ketidakpercayaan, apologetik, klaim kebenaran (truth claim), pelabelaan negatif, dan diskriminasi. Semua itu umumnya berujung pada konflik, tindak kekerasan, dan pertumpahan darah, bukan perdamaian, keharmonisan dan persaudaraan. Pemahaman ini diperoleh dengan cara analisis induktif.</span></p><p class="06IsiAbstrak">[<strong><span lang="EN-GB">Partial-Simultan Approach and Inductive Analysis: An Effective Method of Searching and Understanding Prejudicial Hadith</span></strong><span lang="EN-GB">. This paper aims to describe and analyze the tracing of the hadiths in proving the authenticity of Abu Hurairah's prejudiced hadiths that were taken by al Bukhari through partial and simultaneous approaches, and to analyze his fiqhul hadith. The partial approach used in testing the authenticity of prejudiced hadith is carried out by examining the authenticity of the narrators, examining the continuity of the sanad, and examining the obedience of the hadith. Meanwhile, the simultaneous approach is carried out by tracing, analyzing, and concluding the role of tawabi 'and shawahid hadiths. The prejudiced hadith narrated by Abu Hurairah which was takhrij al Bukhari are hadiths that has a quality <em>sahih lidhatih</em>. Besides that, this hadith is also a famous hadith based on the research of the <em>tawabi</em> 'and his <em>syawahid</em>. The hadith also gave an understanding to Muslims in order to avoid prejudice. Prejudice is the most lying word. Bad prejudice will give birth to distrust, apologetics, truth claims, negative labeling, and discrimination. All of this generally leads to conflict, violence and bloodshed, not peace, harmony and brotherhood. This understanding is obtained by means of inductive analysis.</span>]</p>

On Grading Religions, Seeking Truth, and Being Nice to People – A Reply to Professor Hick

1983 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Griffiths ◽  
Delmas Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Religious Studies ◽  
Conventional Wisdom ◽  
Recent Contribution ◽  
Religious Truth ◽  
Complete Discussion ◽  
Truth Claims ◽  
Short Reply

Professor Hick's recent contribution to Religious Studies, ‘On Grading Religions’, is, like all his work, lucidly written and full of philosophical meat. A complete discussion of his paper in the light of his earlier work would require a lengthy study for which there is no space here; the intention of this short reply to Professor Hick is different. We feel that the view expressed in this and other works of Professor Hick's is in danger of becoming the conventional wisdom about the functions of reason in assessing religious truth-claims among philosophers of religion on both sides of the Atlantic, and that this should not be permitted to happen without some wider ventilation of the extremely important philosophical issues at stake. This reply is thus an attempt to stimulate controversy and to explore alternatives.

scholarly journals PLURALISME AGAMA DI INDONESIA (Tantangan dan Peluang Bagi Keutuhan Bangsa)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Julita Lestari S.Ag
Keyword(s):  
Religious Pluralism ◽  
Religious Diversity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Truth Claim ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Truth Claims ◽  
The One ◽  
Two Sides

<p align="center">Abstrak</p><p>Keberagaman agama di satu sisi menjadikan perbedaan yang cenderung melahirkan perpecahan di kalangan umat beragama. Di sisi lain, keberagaman agama merupakan pemersatu umat karena saling menghargai perbedaan yang ada. Pluralisme yang melahirkan dua sisi ini menjadikan penting untuk dikaji. Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara yang menganut tidak hanya satu agama namun terdiri bermacam-macam agama, yaitu Islam, Kristen, Budha, Kong Hu chu, Hindudan agama-agama lainnya. Kepluralismean agama di Indonesia ini memiliki tantangan dan peluang tersendiri bagi keutuhan bangsa.  Tantangan terbesar Indonesia sebagai negara pluralisme adalah cenderung menimbulkan konflik. Dikarenakan setiap agama melakukan <em>truth claim</em> terhadap agamanya sendiri dan agama lain dianggap salah. Adapun peluang pluralisme agama di Indonesia bagi keutuhan bangsa yaitu lahirnya sikap toleran sesama umat karena mampu menghargai keragaman beragama.</p><p align="center">Abstract</p><p>Religious diversity on the one hand makes a difference that tends to give birth to divisions among religious communities. On the other hand, religious diversity is a unifying people because they respect each other's differences. Pluralism which gives birth to two sides makes it important to study. Indonesia is one country that adheres to not only one religion but consists of various religions, namely Islam, Christianity, Buddhism, Confucianism, Hindudan and other religions. Religious pluralism in Indonesia has its own challenges and opportunities for national integrity. Indonesia's biggest challenge as a state of pluralism is that it tends to cause conflict. Because every religion makes truth claims against its own religion and other religions are considered wrong. The opportunity for religious pluralism in Indonesia for the integrity of the nation is the birth of a tolerant attitude among people because it is able to appreciate religious diversity.</p><p> </p><p> </p>

scholarly journals DIALOG DAN TOLERANSI (SEBUAH ALTERNATIF DAKWAH DI TENGAH PLURALITAS AGAMA)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-68
Author(s):  
Farichatul Maftuchah
Keyword(s):  
Active Participation ◽  
Open Mind ◽  
Truth Claim ◽  
Religious Plurality ◽  
Truth Claims

Religious plurality potentially can causes collisions, conflicts, violence and anarchic attitude among people who have different faiths. This is because every religion has the exclusive aspect in the form of truth claims, namely the recognition that their religion is the correct one, whereas any religion embraced by different people is wrong. Pluralism should be understood not only by knowing its existence, but also by real and active participation towards the plurality. To foster peace in this era of plurality, one of the workable alternatives is to build tolerance through dialogue. A pluralist should interact with a variety of religions with open mind, learning and respecting his/her dialogue partners as well as showing a commitment to his/her own religion in order to avoid relativism in religion. Pluralitas agama berpotensi melahirkan benturan, konflik, kekerasan dan sikap anarkhis terhadap pemeluk agama lain. Hal ini dikarenakan setiap ajaran agama mempunyai aspek eksklusif berupa truth claim yaitu satu pengakuan bahwa agama yang dianutnya adalah yang paling benar, konsekuensinya adalah agama yang dipeluk oleh orang yang berbeda adalah salah. Pluralisme tidak hanya dipahami hanya dengan mengakui kemajemukan saja, namun yang dimaksud adalah keterlibatan aktif terhadap realitas kemajemukan tersebut. Untuk menumbuhkan kedamaian di era pluralitas ini alternatif yang bisa dilaksanakan adalah membangun toleransi dengan dialog. Bagi seorang pluralis dalam berinteraksi dengan aneka ragam agama tidak hanya dituntut untuk membuka diri, belajar dan menghormati mitra dialognya, tetapi tetap harus commit terhadap agama yang dianutnya, karena dengan demikian relativisme agama dapat dihindari.

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