KONSTRUKSI ISLAM DALAM KEKUASAAN NEGARA

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Aini Musyarofah
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Social Condition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Good Society ◽  
Ideal Form ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Islamic Politics ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Ideal

The relationship between Islam and state raises a controversy that includes two main groups;formalists and substantialists. Both of them intend to achieve a good social condition which is inaccordance with Islamic politics. The ideal form of good society to be achieved is principallydescribed in the main source of Islamic law, Al Qur’an and As Sunnah, as follows. A form of goodsociety should supprot equality and justice, egalitarianism, and democracy in its social community.The next problem is what the needed methods and instruments to achieve the ideal Islamic politicsare. In this case, the debate on the formalization and substance of Islamic teaching is related to therunning formal political institution.Each group claims itself to be the most representative to the ideal Islam that often leads to anescalating conflict. On the other hand thr arguments of both groups does not reach the wholeMuslims. As a result, the discourse of Islam and state seems to be elitist and political. As a result,Both groups suspect each other each other and try to utilize the controversy on the relationshipbetween Islam and state to get their own benefit which has no relation with the actualization ofIslamic teaching.

scholarly journals Minority Stress in the Context of the Disablement Process Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 872-872
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Lentz
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Minority ◽  
Minority Stress ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Social Condition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Disablement Process ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Disability Status ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The changing demographics and growing diversity in the United States pose significant challenges for researchers, particularly scholarship involving sexual minority adults’ health and aging processes. Not much is known about how all minority stressors could lead to a disability. Sexual minority adults are at a greater risk of developing a disability later in life than their heterosexual counterparts (Fredriksen-Goldsen, Kim, & Barkan, 2012). Drawing from critical components of the disablement process model (Verbrugge & Jette, 1994), this dissertation sought to understand the relationship between minority stress and disability status among sexual minority adults 50 years and older. Minority stress in the context of the disablement process model is a social condition. While exploring the relationship between minority stress and disability status, intra-individual factors and extra-individual factors were assessed to see if they mediated the relationship between minority stress and disability status among sexual minorities 50 years and older. Discrimination is significantly associated with having a disability. None of the intra-individual factors and extra-individual factors mediated the relationship between minority stress and disability; however, several intra- and extra-individual were associated with greater or lesser odds of experiencing a disability. This dissertation concluded that discrimination is associated with disability status among sexual minority adults 50 years and older. On the other hand, the disablement process model does not support minority stress as a social condition leading to a disability. On the other hand, this dissertation's results support the ideology that experiencing discrimination is associated with a disability.

scholarly journals Ortodoksi - Heterodoksi Wacana Keagamaan dalam Islam: Sebuah Realitas Perennial

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Ulya Ulya
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Religious Discourse ◽  
The Other ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Standardization Process ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Qur'anic Interpretation

Abstract: This article discusses the emergence, development, and sustainability of heterodoxy-ortodoxy claims in the religious discourse in the Islamic world. In addition, the claims of heterodoxy – ortodoxy existed since the emergence of Islamic religious discourse itself until now, through many studies, i.e. Qur’anic interpretation (Tafsir), Theology (Kalam), Mysticism (Tasawuf), Islamic Law (Fiqh), etc. The claims occured because of standardization of the various religious discourses. The existence of various religious discourses is caused by the  differences of interpretation. The differences of interpretation is caused by the differences of presupposition, episteme ,even conflict of interest between two or more groups. In the standardization process involves authorities using a certain religious discourse as the basis of their argument. In this perspective, Foucault’s theory called with the relationship between power and discourse/knowledge. He clarify that discourse/knowledge is an instrument  to dominate others. Futhermore, he said that if there is a domination, it will arise a resistence. On the other hand, so that, the discourse of ortodoxy  always deals with the discourse of heterodoxy. The discourse of heterodoxy that is supported by the authorities and is followed by the majority of people will become the new ortodoxy. Morover, the new ortodoxy also emerges the new heterodoxy, and so-on.الملخص: تناولت هذه المقالة عن نشأة وتطور واستدامة مطالبة الأرثوذكسية والهيتروذكسية فى الخطاب الديني فى العالم الإسلامي. ويمكن العرض باختصار أن مطالبة الأرثوذكسية والهيتروذكسية ظهرت فى الإسلام متزامنا مع ظهور الخطاب الديني حتى الآن سواء كان فى مجال التفسير أوعلم الكلام او التصوف أو الفقه أو غيرها من المجالات الدينية. وكان ظهور مطالبة الأرثوذكسية والهيتروذكسية لا يخلو من التقييس تجاه  تنوع الخطاب الديني الناتج عن الاختلاف فى التفسير. ومن المعروف أن الاختلاف فى التفسير ناتج عن الاختلاف فى المفاهيم القبلية والابستمية او حتى تضاربت المصالح بين الفريقين أو أكثر. وفى خلال عملية التقييس قد يحدث إشراك السلطات باستخدام بعض النصوص الدينية أساسا للحجة. هذا ما يسميه فوكو بعلاقة السلطة-الخطاب أو المعرفة.  وأكد فوكو أن علاقة السلطة-المعرفة قد تكون أداة للسيطرة على الطرف الآخر. فبالتالي حيثما تمكّنت السلطة ظهرت المقاومة. ففي هذا الحال تكون الأرثوذكسية دائما مقابلة للهيتروذكسية. وقد يتحول ما يعتبره الناس من الهيتروذكسية إلى الأرثوذكسية لقوة دعم السلطة وأغلبية المجتمع فأصبحت أرثوذكسية جديدة. ومن هذه الأرثوذكسية الجديدة ستجلب بالتأكيد المزيد من الهيتروذكسية الجديدة، وهلم جرا.Abstrak: Artikel ini membahas tentang muncul, berkembang, dan keberlangsungan klaim ortodoksi-heterodoksi dalam wacana keagamaan di dunia Islam. Disampaikan secara singkat bahwa klaim ortodoksi-heterodoksi niscaya ada sejak munculnya wacana keagamaan sampai sekarang ini, baik melalui Tafsir, Kalam, Tasawuf, Fiqih, dan lain-lain. Klaim ortodoksi-heterodoksi muncul karena adanya standarisasi dari beragam wacana keagamaan. Adanya beragam wacana keagamaan disebabkan perbedaan penafsiran. Perbedaan penafsiran disebabkan adanya perbedaan prapemahaman, episteme, bahkan konflik kepentingan antara dua pihak atau lebih.   Dalam proses standarisasi tersebut akan melibatkan otoritas yang menggunakan wacana keagamaan tertentu sebagai dasar argumentasinya. Dalam kerangka ini Foucault menyebutnya dengan hubungan kekuasaan-wacana/pengetahuan. Dia menegaskan bahwa wacana/pengetahuan bisa menjadi alat untuk menguasai pihak lain. Dan selanjutnya bahwa setiap ada kekuasaan pasti menumbuhkan resistensi. Di sinilah wacana ortodoksi selalu berhadapan dengan wacana heterodoksi. Kadang-kadang bisa juga wacana yang semula ditempatkan sebagai wacana heterodoksi, karena didukung oleh otoritas lalu diikuti oleh mayoritas masyarakat, maka akan menjadi ortodoksi baru. Dan dari ortodoksi baru ini pasti akan memunculkan heterodoksi yang lebih baru lagi, begitu seterusnya.

Performative Change

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Duschlbauer
Keyword(s):  
Ludwig Wittgenstein ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
The Other ◽  
Language Games ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Organisational Theory ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Ideal

Due to the phenomena of digitalisation, a new inventory regarding fundamental questions of organisation and communication has taken place, which has ultimately led to a plea for a paradigm shift. For if one follows recent developments in organisational theory and rethinks it radically, the relationship between the means and the purpose—that is, between production and the product and between creation and the artefact—is also reversed. With that relationship seen in this manner, it is not necessarily the organisation and socialisation of human beings that enables them to create artefacts, but it is rather the artefact that may serve to bring people together, enable them to acquire new skills and knowledge, and finally bring organisation to the level that we are now familiar with. Transferred to communication, this would also call into question the ideal of a consensus and, on the other hand, give more prominence to the idea of language games—as first formulated by Ludwig Wittgenstein.

‘He Brought the Cold Death on my Harandra’: The Cosmic Trilogy and the Ecotheology of Laudato si'

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-182
Author(s):  
Maria Poggi Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Space Travel ◽  
Human Relationships ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Divine Will ◽  
The Relationship

In his trilogy of space travel novels, published between 1938 and 1945, C.S. Lewis strikingly anticipates, and incarnates in imaginative form, the insights and concerns central to the modern discipline of ecotheology. The moral and spiritual battle that forms the plot of the novels is enacted and informed by the relationship between humans and the natural environment, Rebellion against, and alienation from, the Creator inevitably manifests in a violent and alienated attitude to creation, which is seen as something to be mastered and exploited. Lives and cultures in harmony with the divine will, on the other hand, are expressed in relationships of care and respect for the environment. The imaginative premise of the Trilogy is that of ecotheology; that the human relationships with God, neighbour, and earth and are deeply and inextricably intertwined.

8. ADMINISTRASI HUSEMAS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
putri asifa ◽  
Hade Afriansyah
Keyword(s):  
School Improvement ◽  
Educational Needs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Community Interest ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
School And Community ◽  
The Relationship

This article discusses the administration of school and community relation. The existence of schools is driven by the needs of the community, because educational responsibilities are governed by the responsibilities of the community, family, and government. Based on these relationships, the relationship is always enhanced. But something is seen. Changes in nature, goals, and methods of teaching relationships. On the other hand, the community also demands the change in education. In Indonesia, the relationship between schools and the community has been established. This is good progress.Therefore, Husemas is a process of communication between schools and the community to increase community understanding of educational needs and activities and encourage community interest and cooperation in school improvement and development.

فلسفة العقوبة في الشريعة الإسلامية والقانون الوضعي عرض وموازنة Exposition and Comparison of the Philosophy of Punishment in Islamic and Positive Laws

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
عبد المجيد قاسم عبد المجيد (Qasim Abdulmajid) ◽  
محمد ليبا (Liba)
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
Penal System ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
New School ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Philosophy Of Punishment ◽  
Emerging Issues

تناولت هذه الورقة فلسفة العقوبة في الشريعة الإسلامية، وفلسفتها في القانون الوضعي، وتمت الموازنة بين الفلسفتين، وخلص العرض والموازنة إلى نتائج ملخصها أن مسألة عصمة الشريعة وسموها تعد علامة فارقة بين الشريعة الإسلامية والقانون الوضعي، هذه العلامة نتج عنها فروق كثيرة أولها أن العقوبة في التشريع الوضعي تكون تابعةً للهدف، فالهدف يوضع أولاً ثم تصاغ على ضوئه العقوبة، ولذلك كلما ظهرت مدرسةٌ جديدةٌ تؤسس لفكرٍ جديدٍ ظهر اختلافٌ في التشريع العقابي. بينما النظام العقابي الإسلامي ثابتٌ ومعصوم، وقد وُجدت الحاجة إلى معرفة أهدافه وفلسفته ليتسنى السير على مقتضاها فيما يستجد من وقائع، وأن سمو فلسفة العقوبة في الشريعة الإسلامية ينبع من سمو مصدرها، فواضع هذه العقوبات هو خالق البشر. بينما العقوبة في القانون الوضعي تعتمد في فلسفتها على خبرة واضعيها، وهي خبرة محدودة وأحكامها نسبية، لذا كان تطبيق العقوبات الشرعية أجدر حتى وإن لم يُدرَك كنه هذه العقوبات وفلسفتها. الكلمات الرئيسية: فلسفة العقوبة، القانون الإسلامي، القانون الوضعي، التشريع العقابي.******************************In this paper light is shed on the philosophy of punishment in Islamic and positive laws and a comparison between them is accomplished. In brief, the conclusion of the exposition and comparison is that issue of infallibility of SharÊ‘ah and its nobleness are the distinguishing marks between Islamic and positive laws. This led to further differences. The first difference is that the punishment in positive laws is in accordance with the stipulated goal, that is, the goal is set first and then the punishment is formulated in that light. That is why whenever any new school of thought appears based on some ideology, differences emerge in punitive legislation. Islamic penal system is, however, immutable and infallible. There is a need to know its objectives and wisdom so as to in order to tackle new emerging issues. The nobility of the philosophy of punishment in Islamic law stems from the nobility of its source and that is no one but the Creator of human beings. The punishment in the positive law, on the other hand, relies on the philosophy that is based on the experiences of the authors of these laws. And these experiences are limited and their rulings are relativistic. Applying Islamic legal punishments are, therefore, more legitimate, even though their essence and philosophy are not fully grasped.Key words: Philosophy of Punishment, Islamic Law, Positive Law, Punitive Legislation.

scholarly journals From reflex to reflection: Moving from the space of causes to the space of reasons and back

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 681-693
Author(s):  
Ariel Furstenberg
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Space Of Reasons ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Simple Picture

AbstractThis article proposes to narrow the gap between the space of reasons and the space of causes. By articulating the standard phenomenology of reasons and causes, we investigate the cases in which the clear-cut divide between reasons and causes starts to break down. Thus, substituting the simple picture of the relationship between the space of reasons and the space of causes with an inverted and complex one, in which reasons can have a causal-like phenomenology and causes can have a reason-like phenomenology. This is attained by focusing on “swift reasoned actions” on the one hand, and on “causal noisy brain mechanisms” on the other hand. In the final part of the article, I show how an analogous move, that of narrowing the gap between one’s normative framework and the space of reasons, can be seen as an extension of narrowing the gap between the space of causes and the space of reasons.

Study on the Dynamics on the Brake of Vehicle after the Effects of Deicing Salt

2010 ◽  
Vol 26-28 ◽  
pp. 862-869
Author(s):  
Tao Peng ◽  
Zhi Peng Li ◽  
Chang Shu Zhan ◽  
Xiang Luo ◽  
Qian Wang
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Dynamic Model ◽  
The Other ◽  
Snow Melting ◽  
Adhesion Coefficient ◽  
Deicing Salt ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Road Condition ◽  
Braking Distance ◽  
The Relationship

Through analyzing the process of brake, a dynamic model of automobile and a model of the relationship between braking distance and adhesion coefficient were formed; also a simulation calculating model of braking distance was established with the use of Matlab. Finally, a research was done toward the braking distance of a type of a car running on a road after using snow-melting agent. On one hand, with the application of the simulation model which has been established, calculations have been done to the braking distance of Bora vehicles running on roads after using deicing salt; on the other hand, by experiments, Bora vehicles’ braking distance and maximum braking deceleration under the same road condition were measured, meanwhile, the established simulation model was verified.

scholarly journals On Newcomb's method of investigating periodicities and its application to Brückner's weather cycle

1914 ◽  
Vol 90 (619) ◽  
pp. 349-355
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Radiation ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Method ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Numerical Work ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Great Simplicity

During the last few years of his life Prof. Simon Newcomb was keenly interested in the problem of periodicities, and devised a new method for their investigation. This method is explained, and to some extent applied, in a paper entitled "A Search for Fluctuations in the Sun's Thermal Radiation through their Influence on Terrestrial Temperature." The importance of the question justifies a critical examination of the relationship of the older methods to that of Newcomb, and though I do not agree with his contention that his process gives us more than can be obtained from Fourier's analysis, it has the advantage of great simplicity in its numerical work, and should prove useful in a certain, though I am afraid, very limited field. Let f ( t ) represent a function of a variable which we may take to be the time, and let the average value of the function be zero. Newcomb examines the sum of the series f ( t 1 ) f ( t 1 + τ) + f ( t 2 ) f ( t 2 + τ) + f ( t 3 ) f ( t 3 + τ) + ..., where t 1 , t 2 , etc., are definite values of the variable which are taken to lie at equal distances from each other. If the function be periodic so as to repeat itself after an interval τ, the products are all squares and each term is positive. If, on the other hand, the periodic time be 2τ, each product will be negative and the sum itself therefore negative. It is easy to see that if τ be varied continuously the sum of the series passes through maxima and minima, and the maxima will indicated the periodic time, or any of its multiples.

Les "Noms de Qualite", Syntaxe ou Semantique?

1988 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-179
Author(s):  
Francis Gandon
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Main Statement ◽  
Quality Distinction ◽  
The Relationship

The first part of this paper presents the position of the discussion: must a node Quality be assumed to describe "non classifying" nouns? N. Ruwet objects to this theoretical attitude as developped by J.-C. Milner. First is considered the DISQUAL (qualitative dislocation) transformation as unable to describe all the positions of the Quality nouns: the extra-posed dislocation is often impossible and, according to the position within the sentence, the relationship between thema and rhema will be modified. The criterium of dependence between the Quality noun and the main statement is not strict, on the other hand. No definite boundary between syntax and semantics can be drawn within the field considered. Another point develops the "syntactic pun" (Milner). The Qualitative question is eventually referred to Opacity and replaced inside an enonciative frame as a particular kind of "shifting out." Though the Class/Quality distinction operates as continuous (Ruwet), it cannot be separated of a general paradigm elsewhere developped (psychoanalysis, ethnology, semantics, etc.). Though not entirely descriptively adequate Milner's point of view is justified.

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