scholarly journals The effect of the red blood cell system disorders on the further development and productivity of Holstein calves that had had bronchopneumonia

2021 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 473-481
Author(s):  
Yuriy Alekhin ◽  
◽  
Maksim Zhukov ◽  
Valentina Morgunova ◽  
Yuliya Dronova
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Clinical Supervision ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Fetal Hemoglobin ◽  
Hypochromic Anemia ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Further Development

The aim of this research was to study the effect of red blood cell system disorders on the further development and productivity of calves that had had bronchopneumonia. The study included 170 Holstein heifers at the age of 180-195 days: healthy heifers (n = 92) and heifers with moderate bronchopneumonia (n = 78). All animals had been under constant clinical supervision for 27 months. Blood sampling was performed in 10 animals from each group at the beginning of the experiment and on day 22, and also when they reached a body weight of 380 kg (the first artificial insemination), 30 days before the planned calving date, and on days 7, 90, 180 of lactation. The blood samples obtained were examined by a hematological analyzer, and the content of fetal hemoglobin was determined by Singer’s method. It was shown that after completion of the course of treatment the clinical symptoms of bronchopneumonia disappeared in calves, but microcytic hypochromic anemia appeared. Further, in these animals an increase was registered in the age of fruitful fertilization by 10.8% and of the insemination index by - 36.7%. After calving and during lactation, the severity of hypochromia decreased, but there was a tendency for macrocytosis, which, combined with increased anisocytosis, indicated hypoplastic anemia. This form of anemia occurred against the background of pathological residual changes after pneumonia due to the depletion of the compensatory potential of the bone marrow and its functional overload during lactation. The operational anemia revealed in lactating cows caused a decrease in milk productivity by 23.2-26.7% (P<0.01).

scholarly journals The effect of thyroid hormone deficiency on erythropoiesis in dogs

2019 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Aniołek
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Hormone Deficiency ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Mass ◽  
Packed Red Blood Cells ◽  
Experimental Group

This research aimed to evaluate the effect of thyroid hormone deficiency on the erythrocytic system in dogs. Dogs with clinical symptoms of hypothyreosis such as obesity, hyperpigmentation, and lethargy were selected. The dogs demonstrating breed predisposition to hypothyreosis were incorporated in the analysis: Dachshunds, Retrievers, and mixed-breed dogs. A detailed history was taken and clinical, hormonal, biochemical and haematological blood tests were performed. Peripheral blood samples were taken from 53 dogs. Finally, the dogs with the initial T4 (thyroxine) concentration < 1.3 µg/dl and animals demonstrating clinical improvement after a 2-month therapy with levothyroxine at a dose of 10 µg/kg administeredper ostwo times a day were qualified. The animals between 10 months to 13 years of age were divided into two groups: clinically healthy (control group, n = 35) and dogs presenting clinical symptoms of hypothyreosis (experimental group, n = 18). In this research, the broadly described normocytic normochromic non-regenerative anaemia was not diagnosed in dogs with hypothyreosis. However, a positive correlation between T4 and red blood cell indices such as the average mass of haemoglobin per red blood cell, concentration of haemoglobin in a given volume of packed red blood cells as well as a negative correlation with haematocrit value was discovered in the experimental group after the 2-month therapy with levothyroxine. These results point to the influence of thyroid hormones on erythropoiesis. This observation is partially consistent with other studies, which noted the casual link between the changes in red blood cell system and the function of thyroid in dogs and humans.

scholarly journals Infusion of Autologous Retrodifferentiated Stem Cells into Patients with Beta-Thalassemia

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1278-1297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilham Saleh Abuljadayel ◽  
Tasnim Ahsan ◽  
Huma Quereshi ◽  
Shakil Rizvi ◽  
Tamseela Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Fetal Hemoglobin ◽  
Beta Thalassemia ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Beta Globin ◽  
Globin Chain ◽  
Adult Hemoglobin

Beta-thalassemia is a genetic, red blood cell disorder affecting the beta-globin chain of the adult hemoglobin gene. This results in excess accumulation of unpaired alpha-chain gene products leading to reduced red blood cell life span and the development of severe anemia. Current treatment of this disease involves regular blood transfusion and adjunct chelation therapy to lower blood transfusion–induced iron overload. Fetal hemoglobin switching agents have been proposed to treat genetic blood disorders, such as sickle cell anemia and beta-thalassemia, in an effort to compensate for the dysfunctional form of the beta-globin chain in adult hemoglobin. The rationale behind this approach is to pair the excess normal alpha-globin chain with the alternative fetal gamma-chain to promote red blood cell survival and ameliorate the anemia. Reprogramming of differentiation in intact, mature, adult white blood cells in response to inclusion of monoclonal antibody CR3/43 has been described. This form of retrograde development has been termed “retrodifferentiation”, with the ability to re-express a variety of stem cell markers in a heterogeneous population of white blood cells. This form of reprogramming, or reontogeny, to a more pluripotent stem cell state ought to recapitulate early hematopoiesis and facilitate expression of a fetal and/or adult program of hemoglobin synthesis or regeneration on infusion and subsequent redifferentiation. Herein, the outcome of infusion of autologous retrodifferentiated stem cells (RSC) into 21 patients with beta-thalassemia is described. Over 6 months, Infusion of 3-h autologous RSC subjected to hematopoietic-conducive conditions into patients with beta-thalassemia reduced mean blood transfusion requirement, increased mean fetal hemoglobin synthesis, and significantly lowered mean serum ferritin. This was always accompanied by an increase in mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) in such patients. No adverse side effects in response to the infusion of autologous RSC were noted.This novel clinical procedure may profoundly modify the devastating course of many genetic disorders in an autologous setting, thus paving the way to harnessing pluripotency from differentiated cells to regenerate transiently an otherwise genetically degenerate tissue such as thalassemic blood.

scholarly journals Feasibility of a Multiplex Flow Cytometric Bead Immunoassay for Detection of Anti-Epoetin Alfa Antibodies

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 1165-1172 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Ferbas ◽  
John Thomas ◽  
John Hodgson ◽  
Amitabh Gaur ◽  
Nicole Casadevall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Therapeutic Proteins ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Antibody Concentration ◽  
Epoetin Alfa ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Flow Cytometric ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Further Development

ABSTRACT Immunogenicity profiles of recombinant therapeutic proteins are important to understand because antibodies raised against these molecules may have important clinical sequelae. The purpose of the present study was to demonstrate that a flow cytometric bead array could be used to detect clinically relevant antibodies with specificity to such therapeutics. We chose to evaluate well-characterized specimens from persons treated with epoetin alfa that developed antibody-mediated pure red blood cell aplasia as a means to demonstrate the utility of this platform. Our data show that this assay is capable of detecting anti-epoetin alfa antibodies with a relative antibody concentration of 50 ng/ml, where 25 of 25 sera spiked with antibodies at this concentration scored positive. Moreover, the assay was designed to include positive and negative control beads for each specimen that is processed to ensure the specificity of the signal when detected. Measurement of interassay precision supports quantitative estimates of relative antibody concentrations in the range of 313 to 5,000 ng/ml, where the percent coefficient of variation did not exceed 20%. With respect to clinical specimens, antibodies with specificity for epoetin alfa could be easily detected in a set of specimens from persons with pure red blood cell aplasia that had prior exposure to the EPREX brand of recombinant epoetin alfa. Further development and validation of this approach may facilitate successful widespread application of the method for detection of anti-epoetin alfa antibodies, as well as antibodies directed against other recombinant therapeutic proteins.

scholarly journals Red Blood Cell Stiffness Driving Patient Symptoms: A Study of Red Blood Cell Population Rigidity in Sickle Cell Patient Genotype SC Relation to Overlooked Clinical Symptoms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Shamoun ◽  
Mario Gutierrez ◽  
Omolola Eniola-Adefeso
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Cell Stiffness ◽  
Severe Phenotype ◽  
Hematological Disease ◽  
Cell Deformability ◽  
Patients At Risk

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a systemic hematological disease. Various genotypes of the disease exist; however, the two most common include hemoglobin SS (Hgb SS) and hemoglobin SC (Hgb SC) disease. Hgb SC is typically considered a less severe genotype; however, some patients with SC disease still have significant complications. Ektacytometry is utilized to measure red blood cell deformability in sickle cell patients and may help identify patients at risk for severe disease. We described a patient with genotype hemoglobin SC with a more severe phenotype, who we show to have very rigid red blood cells via ektacytometry.

Biochemical bases for difference in oxygen affinity of maternal and fetal red blood cells of rattlesnakes

1993 ◽  
Vol 264 (3) ◽  
pp. R481-R486
Author(s):  
F. R. Ragsdale ◽  
R. L. Ingermann
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Oxygen Affinity ◽  
Fetal Hemoglobin ◽  
Nucleoside Triphosphate ◽  
Biochemical Basis ◽  
Crotalus Viridis ◽  
Adult Hemoglobin

Pregnancy in Crotalus viridis oreganus is associated with an increase in the nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) concentration and a concomitant decrease in the oxygen affinity of the adult red blood cell. However, although the red blood cells of non-pregnant adults and fetuses have indistinguishable NTP concentrations, they have different oxygen affinities. Therefore, red blood cell NTP concentrations alone cannot account for the oxygen-affinity difference between fetal and maternal red blood cells. Hemoglobins from adult and fetal snakes had similar intrinsic oxygen affinities; however, adult hemoglobin was more responsive to organic phosphate modulation compared with fetal hemoglobin. Structural differences, indicated by native gel electrophoresis and electrophoresis of the globins under denaturing conditions at high pH, corroborated functional differences of hemoglobins from fetus and adult. Therefore, the biochemical basis for the oxygen-affinity difference between maternal and fetal red blood cells in this rattlesnake appears to be unique. It appears to be caused by a functionally distinct fetal hemoglobin and the pregnancy-associated rise in red blood cell NTP levels in the mother.

Hemoglobin FM-Fort Ripley: Another Lesson From the Neonate

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 792-793
Author(s):  
BERTIL E. GLADER
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Cytochrome B5 ◽  
Fetal Hemoglobin ◽  
Cytochrome B5 Reductase ◽  
Aniline Derivatives ◽  
Total Hemoglobin ◽  
Erythrocyte Enzyme

In this issue of Pediatrics, Priest and co-workers have described a new fetal hemoglobin abnormality (Hb FM-Fort Ripley) which causes neonatal methemoglobinemia. Methemoglobin is the form of hemoglobin in which iron is oxidized (Fe3+) instead of reduced (Fe2+), and in this state hemoglobin does not transport oxygen. Methemoglobin normally accounts for less than 1% of the total hemoglobin, although small amounts of hemoglobin continually are being oxidized by exogenous and endogenous agents (including oxygen itself). Elevated methemoglobin levels occasionally occur in pediatric patients, and when this happens they are due to one or more of the following causes: exposure to chemicals that oxidize hemoglobin iron (eg, nitrates, nitrites, aniline derivatives); hereditary deficiency of methemoglobin reductase (also known as cytochrome b5 reductase), an erythrocyte enzyme that normally reduces methemoglobin; transient red blood cell deficiency of methemoglobin reductase, a normal neonatal event that persists until 3 to 4 months of age; the inheritance of an M hemoglobin, such as Hb FM-Fort Ripley.

Cybernetics of the red-blood-cell and bone-marrow stem-cell system

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-306
Author(s):  
J. Kirk ◽  
T.E. Wheldon ◽  
W.M. Gray ◽  
J.S. Orr ◽  
Helen M. Finlay
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Bone Marrow Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell System ◽  
Marrow Stem Cell

scholarly journals Switching of the nonallelic forms of fetal hemoglobin during late gestation

Blood ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 732-736
Author(s):  
TS Vedvick ◽  
SA Wheeler ◽  
HM Koenig
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Fetal Hemoglobin ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Production Ratio ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Gradient Fractionation

The gamma chains of human fetal hemoglobin occur in two nonallelic forms, designated G gamma and A gamma, which differ from one another in having either glycine or alanine as their 136th residue respectively. In newborns, G gamma comprises about 75% of the total gamma chains, while in adults, G gamma comprises about 40% of the total gamma chains. The timing of the switching events that lead to the alteration of the rates of production of G gamma and A gamma are still unknown. Umbilical cord red blood cells from term infants were separated by density gradient fractionation into four age-dependent fractions. Red blood cell size and reticulocyte content decreased and the percent fetal hemoglobin increased with increasing gradient densities, confirming age- dependent density separation. The percent G gamma was determined by two methods on fractionated cord red blood cells to determine if the switch in the production ratio of the nonallelic forms of gamma chains began during late gestation. The G gamma content of fetal hemoglobin was found to decrease with decreasing red blood cell age, demonstrating that the switch from predominately glycine-containing gamma chains to predominately alanine-containing gamma chains begins during late gestation.

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