scholarly journals O "problema nacional": a história de uma emenda que transformou o financiamento da educação no Brasil

2019 ◽  
Vol 88 (220) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wellington Jesus
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Historical Information ◽  
Education Movement ◽  
Constituent Assembly ◽  
History Of ◽  
Educational Financing ◽  
New Education ◽  
First Time

O presente trabalho, construído como um estudo exploratório, teve como base a pesquisa junto aos Anais e Diários da Assembléia Nacional Constituinte de 1933-1934, a consulta aos Decretos editados pelo Governo Provisório de Vargas (1931-1934) e o levantamento bibliográfico pertinente, com o objetivo de fornecer subsídios para a compreensão do processo de efetivação das propostas relacionadas ao financiamento e à instituição da vinculação de verbas para a educação, originada na Constituição de 1934. As raízes se encontram no final dos anos 20 e especialmente na década de 1930, com a luta dos Pioneiros da Educação Nova. De certa forma, o "semeador" foi o professor, médico e constituinte Miguel Couto, autor de uma emenda constitucional que mudaria a história do financiamento à educação no Brasil. Palavras-chave: verbas para a educação; financiamento da educação; pioneiros de 1932; Assembléia Nacional Constituinte de 1933-1934. Abstract This exploratory paper aims to offer elements for understanding the process of approval of the proposals related to financing and earmarking resources in favor of public education, established for the first time by the 1934 Constitution. It is based on the analysis of the Annals and the daily Gazette of the 1933-1934 National Constituent Assembly, as well as the decrees of Vargas's provisional government (1931-1934) and the concerning literature. Historical information reveals that those achievements had their roots in the Pioneers of New Education movement, in the 1920's and 1930's. One of its most outstanding members, Miguel Couto, a renowned physician and professor, deputy at the Assembly, proposed the amendments that changed the history of educational financing in Brazil. Keywords: financial resources in favor of education; educational financing; 1932 Pioneers of New Education; 1933-1934 National Constituent Assembly.

scholarly journals A Psycholinguistic Analysis of the First Ukrainian Syllabi on General and Special Methodology of Translation by Mykhailo Kalynovych and Mykola Zerov

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lada Kolomiyets
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
Communicative Action ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Basic Unit ◽  
The Political ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
General Methodology ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Research ◽  
First Time

The article studies and discusses the programs of interrelated lecture courses on General and Special Methodology of Translation, developed for the Ukrainian Institute of Linguistic Education by its professors Mykhailo Kalynovych and Mykola Zerov in September 1932. This material is analyzed from the perspective of psycholinguistic text theory, according to which the text is the basic unit of discourse that, in turn, is a component of communicative action, along with the situation. The study focuses on the micro- and macrotext structure of the above programs and highlights the peculiarities of their communicative intentions in the political and social reality of early Stalinism. It features the unique, innovative elements in them, but also those that were typical of the early Soviet theory of translation. For the first time not only in Ukrainian but also in the All-Union thought on translation, Kalynovych and Zerov presented in their integrated courses the ramified structure of Translation Studies as a multifaceted discipline. They introduced into the discipline novel methodology and new research directions, particularly by creating such areas as the history of translation studies and translation management. The material of Zerov's syllabus on Special Methodology of Translation is first published and discussed in this article. The typewritten text of the syllabus remained unknown until the author of the article found and identified it in the Archives of the Literary Museum of Hryhoriy Kochur, who had been a student of Zerov at the Kyiv Institute of Public Education and further remained his faithful follower. During the Khrushchev thaw, Kochur made many efforts to rehabilitate the name of Zerov – a distinguished literary scholar, lecturer, and poet-translator. The syllabus on General Methodology of Translation outlined by professor Kalynovych was found earlier in the same Archives and published in 2015. However, this article pioneers its presentation and analysis in mutual complementarity with the syllabus by Zerov.   

scholarly journals Coins of Andraba city -Study in the history of the political city-: مسكوكات مدينة أَنْدَرابَة -دراسة في تاريخ المدينة السياسي-

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Hassan Suhail
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Political History ◽  
The Political ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Historical Information ◽  
Abbasid Caliphate ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City ◽  
Silver Metal

  In the Islamic era through the inscription of  he economic and political history of the city Andiraba  of the  Code of money multiplied by the city's historical information codified for the first time did not record it contemporary historical sources, the study showed that the city rotation on its local families governor the authority of the 'Abbasid caliphate under the supervision of the samanid principality that ruled the territory  is an important financial center in Andiraba what is behind the river period (261-389e/874-998m),the city  of  Islamic era, where it mines silver metal silver center Lasik dirhams in the territory of the Islamic East without the money to the princes of the city and the dates of their judgment as well as the names of the rulers of the Islamic Emirates that ruled the Islamic East in the Middle Ages     

scholarly journals The Imperial alley and Bykov grove in museum-estate «Arkhangelskoye»: the history of creation, restoration and adaptation to modern conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-71
Author(s):  
A.V. Frolova ◽  
◽  
V.A. Leonova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chronological Order ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Historical Information ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
First Time

Historical information about the owners, stages of development of the estate «Arkhangelskoye» and the creation of the Park is presented. Special attention is paid to the planning structure of the estate, its main compositional axis in the Northern part-the Imperial alley and the Bykov grove. The current state and problems of restoration of the Imperial alley and the possibility of adapting the Bykov grove to modern recreational conditions are considered in detail. The main wood assortment of the Bykov grove is indicated and the recommendations for care are given. For the first time, the archives of the estate Museum (projects in 1978, 2001, and 2017) were worked out all data about the Bykov grove and the Imperial alley are collected in chronological order and described in the article. The authors conducted the last research before the restoration and adaptation in 2018.

scholarly journals Education in the Volga Federal District in the second half of the 19th-20th centuries

2021 ◽  
Vol 121 ◽  
pp. 01003
Author(s):  
Marina Alekseevna Zakharischeva ◽  
Daria Yuryevna Scriabina ◽  
Nadezhda Mikhailovna Ichetovkina ◽  
Aleksey Alekseyevich Romanov ◽  
Irina Aleksandrovna Golubeva
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
History Of Education ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Television Programs ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pedagogical Research ◽  
First Time ◽  
Theoretical Results

The article attempts to present a holistic view of the theory, practice and history of the development of public education in the modern Volga Federal District in the chronological framework of the second half of 19-20th centuries. In order to achieve the presented goal of the research, we used theoretical methods (analysis, synthesis, generalization, modeling, abstraction, classification, systematization, periodization) and historical and pedagogical methods of research, namely, comparison and contrast (comparativist), historical and structural and historical and typological. Within the geographical framework of the Volga Federal District as a complex sociocultural region with the cohabitation and interaction of different nationalities and confessions, the history of education in a holistic form has not been considered before. The authors proposed modern scientific and pedagogical methodological approaches to the analysis of the history of education of the region represented: pedagogical axiology, pedagogical regionalism, pedagogical comparativism, pedagogical synergetic, systemic-activity approaches. For the first time, the theory and practice of public education in the modern Volga Federal District are considered in the context of a unified historical and pedagogical process (without the traditional division into pre-revolutionary and Soviet stages). In addition to theoretical results of the historical and pedagogical research and practical: the formation of a bank of archival materials on the history of education in the republics and regions of the Volga Federal District; publication of the textbook “History of Public Education in the Volga Federal District”; publications in peer-reviewed journals devoted to the study of educational development in the Volga Federal District; organization and conduct of the Pedagogical Festival of Student Science of the Volga Federal District republics; as well as the preparation and production of a series of television programs about the history of the development of public education in the republics and regions of the Volga Federal District.

Intellectual disability in twentieth-century Ghana

2019 ◽  
pp. 67-78
Author(s):  
Jane Abraham ◽  
Auberon Jaleel Odoom
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Disabled Persons ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Spiritual Beliefs ◽  
British Colony ◽  
History Of ◽  
People With Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
First Time

This chapter recounts, for the first time, the twentieth-century history of intellectual disability in Ghana. the first sub-Saharan British colony to achieve independence in 1957. It outlines the stark clash between the relative recently introduced beliefs of Western individuality and the long-standing beliefs of a more community-based society. In traditional rural Ghanaian society, the mildly or moderately intellectually disabled persons could integrate with relative ease into a labour-intensive agricultural economy, where literacy was not at a premium. For the severely or profoundly disabled person, life was less predictable. Seclusion or even infanticide could arise from both spiritual beliefs about the influence of evil forces or punishment from the gods, and the view that such an individual might not be fully human. Additional factors were economic concerns about families bearing the load of an unproductive person, allocating precious financial resources to the education of a person seen as unlikely to benefit from it, and anxieties about employment and marriageability. Current life stories indicate how some people with intellectual disabilities in Ghana are learning to manage and resist these cultural complexities and assert their own humanity.

scholarly journals Yo aconsejaría a los maestros, que sueñan con grandes ideales, que comiencen por estas cosas, pequeñas si se quiere, pero que no son más que estos ideales que tanto apreciamos… A propósito de una comunicación inédita (1909) de Juan Bardina

2020 ◽  
pp. 727
Author(s):  
Eric Ortega González ◽  
Jordi Garcia Farrero ◽  
Ferran Sánchez Margalef
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Document ◽  
Primary Teaching ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Education ◽  
First Time

The present paper is an exercise in pedagogical archeology that rescues a relevant document for the history of Catalan pedagogy, and by extension, Chilean pedagogy, given the fact that Bardina resided in Chile for many years. We begin by presenting a paper, unpublished until now, that Juan Bardina presented in the Primary Teaching Conference of Barcelona (1909) and in which he summarizes what he considered to be the new education (the “stimulating pedagogy”, in his own words). We provide a brief biography of the author and some notes about his thought and pedagogical work, in order to contextualize, analyze and, where necessary, clarify the paper’s content. In it Bardina leaves traces of his filo-Americanism and his agreement with the postulates of Spencer about the philosophy of evolutionism. Finally, the reader will find the transcription of the paper, published for the first time.

Adam Zalužanský’s “De sexu plantarum” (1592): an early pioneering chapter on plant sexuality

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger Funk
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
English Translation ◽  
History Of Botany ◽  
Main Work ◽  
Botanical History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University ◽  
First Time

In the history of botany, Adam Zalužanský (d. 1613), a Bohemian physician, apothecary, botanist and professor at the University of Prague, is a little-known personality. Linnaeus's first biographers, for example, only knew Zalužanský from hearsay and suspected he was a native of Poland. This ignorance still pervades botanical history. Zalužanský is mentioned only peripherally or not at all. As late as the nineteenth century, a researcher would be unaware that Zalužanský’s main work Methodi herbariae libri tres actually existed in two editions from two different publishers (1592, Prague; 1604, Frankfurt). This paper introduces the life and work of Zalužanský. Special attention is paid to the chapter “De sexu plantarum” of Zalužanský’s Methodus, in which, more than one hundred years before the well-known De sexu plantarum epistola of R. J. Camerarius, the sexuality of plants is suggested. Additionally, for the first time, an English translation of Zalužanský’s chapter on plant sexuality is provided.

A Confrontation between Two Doctrines: The Birth of Struggle for Hegemony in Hebrew Children's Literature during the 1930s and 1940s

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
YAEL DARR
Keyword(s):  
Children's Literature ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
The Political ◽  
Literary Creation ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Level ◽  
First Time ◽  
Literary Quality

This article describes a crucial and fundamental stage in the transformation of Hebrew children's literature, during the late 1930s and 1940s, from a single channel of expression to a multi-layered polyphony of models and voices. It claims that for the first time in the history of Hebrew children's literature there took place a doctrinal confrontation between two groups of taste-makers. The article outlines the pedagogical and ideological designs of traditionalist Zionist educators, and suggests how these were challenged by a group of prominent writers of adult poetry, members of the Modernist movement. These writers, it is argued, advocated autonomous literary creation, and insisted on a high level of literary quality. Their intervention not only dramatically changed the repertoire of Hebrew children's literature, but also the rules of literary discourse. The article suggests that, through the Modernists’ polemical efforts, Hebrew children's literature was able to free itself from its position as an apparatus controlled by the political-educational system and to become a dynamic and multi-layered field.

Digging the history. Absolute chronology of the settlement complex at Czermno-Cherven’ (eastern Poland). Research status and perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Dzieńkowski ◽  
Marcin Wołoszyn ◽  
Iwona Florkiewicz ◽  
Radosław Dobrowolski ◽  
Jan Rodzik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Qualitative Change ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Research Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Absolute Dating ◽  
First Time ◽  
Radiocarbon Datings

The article discusses the results of the latest interdisciplinary research of Czermno stronghold and its immediate surroundings. The site is mentioned in chroniclers’ entries referring to the stronghold Cherven’ (Tale of Bygone Years, first mention under the year 981) and the so-called Cherven’ Towns. Given the scarcity of written records regarding the history of today’s Eastern Poland, Ukraine, and Belarus in the 10th and 11th centuries, recent archaeological research, supported by geoenvironmental analyses and absolute dating, brought a significant qualitative change. In 2014 and 2015, the remains of the oldest rampart of the stronghold were uncovered for the first time. A series of radiocarbon datings allows us to refer the erection of the stronghold to the second half/late 10th century. The results of several years’ interdisciplinary research (2012-2020) introduce qualitatively new data to the issue of the Cherven’ Towns, which both change current considerations and confirm the extraordinary research potential in the archeology of the discussed region.

A Well-Ordered Thing

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Gordin
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Periodic Table ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Classic Work ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

Dmitrii Mendeleev (1834–1907) is a name we recognize, but perhaps only as the creator of the periodic table of elements. Generally, little else has been known about him. This book is an authoritative biography of Mendeleev that draws a multifaceted portrait of his life for the first time. As the book reveals, Mendeleev was not only a luminary in the history of science, he was also an astonishingly wide-ranging political and cultural figure. From his attack on Spiritualism to his failed voyage to the Arctic and his near-mythical hot-air balloon trip, this is the story of an extraordinary maverick. The ideals that shaped his work outside science also led Mendeleev to order the elements and, eventually, to engineer one of the most fascinating scientific developments of the nineteenth century. This book is a classic work that tells the story of one of the world's most important minds.

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