scholarly journals Comparative study of the body composition of different turkey genotypes by means of CT (short communication)

2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-292
Author(s):  
G. Andrássy-Baka ◽  
R. Romvári ◽  
Z. Sütő ◽  
A. Szabó ◽  
P. Horn
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ct Scanner ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Scanning Procedure ◽  
A Value ◽  
Body Fat Content ◽  
Relevant Group ◽  
Total Body

Abstract. Male and female BUT Big 6 and Bronze turkeys (type 1967) kept in a gene reserve were in vivoL investigated with non-invasive high resolution computerized tomography by means of a sipral CT scanner. The imaging procedure was carried out at the ages of 5, 12, 16 and 21 weeks on two turkeys, in both sexes. All animals were kept under intensive conditions according to the demands of the conformation and the body weight of the relevant group average. On the basis of 30–50 scans gathered from each bird during the scanning procedure the volumetric measurement of the total body muscle content was performed. These values were at the 5th week 0.9 and 0.8 vs. 0.3 and 0.2 dm3 in BUT male and female vs. Bronze male and female birds. At the 21st week the respective values were: 12.65 and 7.66 vs. 3.60 and 2.28 dm3. The total body fat content was characterised by the so called "fat index", a value independent of the live weight. This indices were at the 21st week: 0.12 and 0.20 vs. 0.12 and 0.13 following the above order. The investigation of the tissue development in the body was carried out by means of 3D histograms. The morphologic properties of the breast muscles were compared based on real 3D reconstructed images at the age of 21 weeks where the major differences concerned the m. pectoralis superficialis. The applied imaging methods are well applicable to describe the anatomic and body compositional differences in the excessively different genotypes.

scholarly journals Subsecond total-body imaging using ultrasensitive positron emission tomography

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (5) ◽  
pp. 2265-2267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuezhu Zhang ◽  
Simon R. Cherry ◽  
Zhaoheng Xie ◽  
Hongcheng Shi ◽  
Ramsey D. Badawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Motion Tracking ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Motion ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Ct Scanner ◽  
External Monitoring ◽  
Time Motion ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Total Body

A 194-cm-long total-body positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scanner (uEXPLORER), has been constructed to offer a transformative platform for human radiotracer imaging in clinical research and healthcare. Its total-body coverage and exceptional sensitivity provide opportunities for innovative studies of physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology. The objective of this study is to develop a method to perform ultrahigh (100 ms) temporal resolution dynamic PET imaging by combining advanced dynamic image reconstruction paradigms with the uEXPLORER scanner. We aim to capture the fast dynamics of initial radiotracer distribution, as well as cardiac motion, in the human body. The results show that we can visualize radiotracer transport in the body on timescales of 100 ms and obtain motion-frozen images with superior image quality compared to conventional methods. The proposed method has applications in studying fast tracer dynamics, such as blood flow and the dynamic response to neural modulation, as well as performing real-time motion tracking (e.g., cardiac and respiratory motion, and gross body motion) without any external monitoring device (e.g., electrocardiogram, breathing belt, or optical trackers).

Adaptation of fat metabolism to environmental temperature in the newborn pig

1992 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 197-199
Author(s):  
P. Herpin ◽  
M. van Os ◽  
J. Le Dividich
Keyword(s):  
Fat Metabolism ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Large White ◽  
Body Fat Content ◽  
Weight One ◽  
Efficient Route ◽  
Fat Level ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Glycogen Stores

Susceptibility to cold is usually reported as a major factor involved in the neonatal mortality of piglets (English and Morrison, 1984). Low energy reserves and poor insulation largely contribute to the limited thermoregulatory capacities of the newborn pig (Mersmann, 1974; Curtis, 1974). Glycogen is the predominant source of energy accounting for about 0.6 of the total energy available at birth (Mellor and Cockburn, 1986) but glycogen stores are rapidly depleted after birth. In addition, the total body fat content is very low at birth, ranging from 10 to 20g/kg (Manners and McCrea, 1963). Whereas attempts made to increase the energy stored as fat in the newborn pig by manipulation of the sow diet during late gestation have given variable results (Seerley, 1984), colostrum has proved to be an efficient route for depositing fat and hence for the supply of energy to the piglet during the first postnatal day (Le Dividich, Esnault, Lynch, Hoo-Paris, Castex and Peiniau, 1991). The present study was designed to determine the effects of colostral fat level on the energy and fat metabolism of the newborn piglet when maintained during the 1st day of life at thermal neutrality (34°C) or in the cold (21°C).A total of 35 newborn Large White pigs averaging 1140 (s.e. 54) g in weight were used. Within each litter five piglets were selected according to their live weight. One was killed in order to determine the initial body composition. The remaining pigs were fitted with umbilical artery catheters and stomach tubes. They were placed in individual cages in closed temperature-controlled chambers maintained at either 34 or 21°C and were fed normal colostrum (60 g fat per kg, NFC) or a colostrum deprived of fat (< 10 g fat per kg, LFC) at the rate of 15 to 18 g per meal per kg birth weight. A total of 24 meals were given at about 65-min intervals.

scholarly journals Seasonal change in body fat of the Hyrax Procavia capensis (Pallas, 1766) using a body fat ranking index

Koedoe ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L.J. Fourie ◽  
M.R. Perrin
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Change ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Physiological Condition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Fat Content ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Procavia Capensis ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Ranking Index

Changes in the body fat content of the hyrax Procavia capensis were used as an indicator of physiological condition. Body fat rankings for the different sexes showed seasonal variations related to physiologically stressful periods (rutting, gestation and lactation). The subjective body fat rankings were correlated significantly with total body fat.

Estimation of body water and fat in cattle using tritiated water space and live weight with particular reference to the influence of breed

1983 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. N. Chigaru ◽  
D. H. Holness
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
Body Water ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Complete Diet ◽  
Total Body

SUMMARYThe body composition of 18 each of Mashona, Afrikaner and Hereford heifers was measured at the beginning and after 16 and 32 weeks of the experiment. The heifers not slaughtered at the beginning of the experiment were fed a complete diet containing 132 g crude protein and 12·0 MJ metabolizable energy/kg dry matter. Before slaughter, the animals were deprived of food and water for 24 h. Each animal was infused with 1 mCi of tritiated water (TOH) in order to measure total body water (TBW) and to estimate body fat.The growth rate of the three breeds of heifers was similar despite differences in age and initial live weight. Both TBW and fat proportions, however, differed significantly (P < 0·01) between slaughter stages for each breed and between breeds at each slaughter stage. At the first, second and final slaughter stages the proportions of TBW were: 68·0, 59·4 and 54·5% for Mashona; 70·;5, 64·3 and 58·3% for Afrikaner and 65·3, 57·6 and 46·2% for Hereford heifers respectively. The corresponding proportions of body fat were: 10·2, 18·4 and 24·2% for Mashona; 6·6, 12·0 and 20·0% for Afrikaner and 13·7, 20·8 and 25·8% for Hereford heifers respectively.There was a close relation between empty body weight and live weight at slaughter which was not influenced by breed. Both TBW and fat were estimated more accurately when TOH space and live weight were used jointly. However, the slopes of the prediction equations for each breed were significantly different (P < 0·05) in the case of both total body water and fat. It was necessary to use separate equations for each breed in order to predict either body water or fat. The significance of these findings for the estimation of body fat in live cattle is discussed.

scholarly journals Nitrogen balance studies with the milk-fed lamb

1967 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Walker ◽  
L. J. Cook ◽  
K. T. Jagusch
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feeding Frequency ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Total Body Composition ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Different Levels

1. Thirty-three cross-bred lambs were given reconstituted dried whole cow's milk from 1 week of age at different levels of intake and at different frequencies of feeding.2. Feeding frequency had no effect on live-weight gain, N retention or total body composition.3. Lambs given two feeds daily had significantly heavier abomasums than pair-fed lambs given six feeds daily.4. The weights of fat, protein (N x 6.25) and water in the body were closely related to empty body weight; body composition (% of empty body) was not significantly affected by the level of milk intake or by the rate of growth.5. Live-weight gain was closely related to energy intake (r = +0.99) and to N retention (r = +0.97). A live-weight gain of 100 g was associated with an intake of 511 kcal and a N retention of 2.28 g N.

scholarly journals Assessment of Heart Rate Variability in Fibromyalgia after Micro-physiotherapy.

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Adriano Pinto Pereira ◽  
Eluciene Maria dos Santos Carvalho ◽  
Ivo Ilvan Kerppers ◽  
Meiriélly Furmann ◽  
Juliana Aparecida Wosch Pires ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
The Body ◽  
Autonomous Nervous System ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
A Value ◽  
Before And After

Introduction: Fibromyalgia syndrome is characterized by musculo-skeletal pain. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a versatile and promising non-invasive marker of the autonomous nervous system. Micro-physiotherapy involves manual physiotherapy that seeks to identify the primary cause of a disease or symptom and to stimulate self-healing, in which the body recognizes the aggressor (antigen) and begins the elimination process, through cellular and tissue reprogramming. Method: The sample was composed of 15 individuals, aged between 35 and 40 years, with fibromyalgia. The Nerve Express method was used to assess the variability of the heart rate. Two sessions of micro-physiotherapy were conducted using global methods, with an interval of 45 days between sessions. Results: Based on the HRV results, the high frequency band was confirmed at p=0.203, with the low frequency recording a statistically significant value of p=0.001, thereby demonstrating sympathetic activity. Upon comparison of the mean heartbeat before and after treatment, a value of p=0.0006 was obtained. A value of p=0.049 was recorded in the analysis of the median R-R interval values. Conclusion: The use of micro-physiotherapy as a treatment method for fibromyalgia effectively improved the lives of patients by promoting sympathicotonia.

The influence of dietary concentration of calcium and phosphorus on their retention in the body of the growing pig

1969 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Mudd ◽  
W. C. Smith ◽  
D. G. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Or Efficiency ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
A Value ◽  
Dietary Concentration ◽  
Growing Pig

SUMMARYThree gilts and three castrated males weighing 23 kg live weight were given four semi-synthetic diets containing increasing amounts of Ca and P. The Ca and P contents (% dry basis) and Ca:P ratios for the four diets were A, 0·30, 0·38, 1:1·27; B, 0·58, 0·68, 1:1·17; C, 0·94, 1·13, l:l·20; D, 1·16, 1·47, 1:1·27. Each animal was slaughtered at 41 kg live weight and the whole body contents of Ca and P determined. Six pigs were slaughtered at 23 kg live weight and their bodies also analysed for Ca and P contents. Dietary concentration of Ca and P did not influence rate or efficiency of live weight gain nor carcass characteristics. Net retention of Ca and P increased with increasing dietary concentration of these elements. Analyses of isolated femurs suggested that optimal mineralization of the bone was associated with a net retention of 8·2 g Ca/kg live weight gain. The data were used to calculate a value of 32·9 mg/kg live weight/day for the endogenous loss of Ca in pigs of 23–41 kg body weight. The values have been used to compute a mineral requirement of dietary calcium which is in excellent agreement with that derived from estimates in the literature.

Body Composition Changes During Growth in Young Sockeye (Oncorhynchus nerka) in Fresh Water

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 929-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. D. Groves
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Fork Length ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Nutritional Studies

The body composition of young sockeye (Oncorhynchus nerka) in the weight range of 0.5–300 g was investigated to further document changes in body composition with growth, and to develop equations that would allow the estimation of total body composition in this species, either in vitro or in vivo, based on easily measured parameters such as fork length, live weight, and total body water. The major components of the fat-free mass (protein, water, and ash) in nonstarving fish were closely related to each other and to fork length. Body fat tended to increase with size, but was not closely related to the other components of body composition. The following equations were derived, allowing the accurate estimation of total water (W), protein (P), and fat-free dry material (FFDM, consisting of protein and ash) in grams, based on the measurement of either water or fork length (L) in centimeters: W = 0.00571 L3.118, P = 0.204 W 1.038, and FFDM = 1.113 P. Body fat (F) may be estimated as the difference between wet body weight (M) and the lean mass: F = M − (W + FFDM).These equations are similar to, but not identical to, the relations derived for other species of salmon, based on other published data, and to the respective relations reported in the literature for mammals. The applications of these equations to the nutritional evaluation of wild populations and to quantitative nutritional studies on young sockeye are discussed and illustrated.

The partition of body fat in British Friesian and Jersey steers

1982 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. Butler-Hogg ◽  
J. D. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Breed Difference ◽  
Intermuscular Fat ◽  
Total Body

ABSTRACTNinety-two British Friesians and 62 Jersey castrated male cattle were slaughtered serially in five age groups at 13, 89, 170, 339 and 507 days, and dissected fully into lean, bone, intermuscular fat, subcutaneous fat, perirenal-retroperitoneal fat (kidney knob and channel fat), omental fat and mesenteric fat. The aim was to investigate the partition of body fat in these dairy breeds and the role of the partition of fat in determining carcass value.Relative to live weight, Friesians had more lean, subcutaneous fat and carcass fat (subcutaneous and intermuscular) at most ages, and Jerseys had more kidney knob and channel fat, and intra-abdominal fat. Friesians had a higher killing-out proportion and lean:bone ratio, and thicker subcutaneous fat.The order of increasing relative growth of fat depots with total body fat as the independent variable was, for Friesians: intermuscular < mesenteric < kidney knob and channel fat < subcutaneous < omental. In Jerseys the order was: intermuscular < mesenteric < subcutaneous < kidney knob and channel fat < omental. There were only small breed differences in the distribution of subcutaneous fat between eight regions. t I is suggested that, between breeds, there is a physiological link between the capacity for milk-fat production and the partition of fat within the body, with relatively high milk-fat producers depositing proportionately more fat intra-abdominally.Since the timing of slaughter is often determined by level of external finish in beef production, the breed difference in the partition of fat, which caused Jerseys to have a higher proportion of kidney knob and channel fat, and intermuscular fat, at the same proportion of subcutaneous fat, would reduce carcass value in Jerseys compared with Friesians.

Changes in the body composition and efficiency of mature sheep during loss and regain of live weight

1969 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Keenan ◽  
W. R. McManus ◽  
M. Freer
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Original Weight ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Body Energy

SUMMARYThe body composition of eight Merino wethers was estimated from the tritiated water (TOH) space and live weight at intervals during a cross-over experiment in which they were fed to either maintain a uniform live weight (about 34 kg) or to lose and, later, recover live weight over a 17-week period. The diet was a pelleted mixture of lucerne and wheat.The multiple regression equations used for these estimates were established from the chemical analysis of 24 sheep, including six from the cross-over experiment, which were killed at intervals during these two feeding regimens. The inclusion of TOH space in addition to live weight in the regression equations decreased the standard error of the estimates of body water, fat and energy by two-thirds. Correction of TOH space and live weight for gut water did not increase the precision of the equations.Shoop which ate, during the first 4 weeks of the experiment, one-third of the amount of food required to maintain their original live weight, lost 16% of their weight and 30% of their total body energy. This weight loss consisted of 45% water, 39% fat and 13% protein. It appeared that tissue was mobilized inefficiently to meet a sudden energy deficit.When food was offered ad lib. to these sheep after they had maintained a liveweight deficit of about 11 kg for 8 weeks, they regained their weight in 5 weeks but only 75% of their energy deficit. This was due to the high content of water (60%) and low content of fat (23%) in the regained tissue.The sheep that lost weight and then recovered it were, over-all, about 86% as efficient in their use of food to maintain body energy and produce wool as the sheep that maintained their original weight.

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