scholarly journals 新冠疫情下基督宗教醫治觀念及實踐的倫理糾結

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-82
Author(s):  
Wai Luen KWOK
Keyword(s):  
Modern Society ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Medical Systems ◽  
The Public ◽  
Christian Churches ◽  
Christian Understanding ◽  
Eternal Salvation ◽  
The Church

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English. 基督宗教自創教以來，其信息和實踐都與醫治息息相關。人類犯罪墮落的肉身和靈魂，雖然有「因信稱義」之拯救，但更需要教會的聖禮及群體生活來使之潔淨與得醫治。它們都是信徒需要親身參與的活動，被視為不能隨意缺席的集體活動。 另外，教會一直在瘟疫流行時贈醫施藥、照顧病者。基督徒無私的醫治服務，雖然在歷史上為大眾所尊崇，但這些舉動也令他們冒上受感染的風險。在前現代的社會裡，教會的「醫治」仍能對民眾的健康作出貢獻，但現代社會已不需教會扮演公共保健和醫療的角色。尤有進者，基督宗教的醫治觀念和實踐，在今次的新冠病毒疫情裡，被描述為危害公共健康的行徑。本文旨在探討這種變化背後的倫理糾結，並分析教會的回應策略，如何重新詮釋基督宗教的醫治觀念，及應對現今的倫理挑戰。 From its very beginning, the message and practice of the Christian faith have been inextricably related to healing. Although the eternal salvation of sinful human beings' body and soul is provided by justification through faith, the Church teaches that our soul and body should be purified and healed by sacraments and communal Christian life. These in-person activities are essential to Christian practice. Moreover, historically, the Church has dispensed medicine and taken care of the sick during pandemics. Christianity's caring service has been well respected by the public throughout its history, and in pre-modern society, Christian healthcare services often contributed substantially to the psychological and physical wellbeing of many people. In modern society, however, the role of the Church has been replaced by the public healthcare and medical systems. Particularly during the Covid-19 pandemic, the Christian understanding and practice of healing has sometimes been accused of endangering public health. This paper therefore investigates the ethical landscapes behind the change of public opinion and the strategies used by Christian churches to meet this challenge.

scholarly journals Intimate Labor at Biomedical Frontlines: Situated Knowledges of Female Community Health Workers in the Management of COVID-19 in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanghamitra Das ◽  
Samhita Das
Keyword(s):  
Community Health ◽  
Community Health Workers ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Care Work ◽  
Professional Status ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
The Public ◽  
Female Community

Media reports of the COVID-19 pandemic in India have highlighted the important role that India’s female community health workers, the Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs), have played in managing COVID infections in India. This paper explores the epistemic basis of ASHA work to understand the significance of their role. Through a discourse analysis of textual media articles, we show that the ASHAs’ routine and COVID-related caregiving practices are a form of embodied, intimate labor rooted in their situated, community-oriented knowledge. This labor is devalued as emotional and feminized care work, which denies the ASHAs professional status in the public healthcare system of India and, in turn, reflects a hierarchy among health practitioners that stems from the status of objectivity/disembodiment in biomedicine. We find that, despite their low status in the public health system, ASHA workers develop a self-concept that enables them to self-identify as healthcare professionals, motivating them to continue providing essential healthcare services during the pandemic. We argue that an official recognition of the epistemic value of ASHA work would help to overcome the age-old nature/culture dichotomy that informs what counts as valuable, legitimate, formal medical knowledge. Furthermore, our analysis provides a critique of the gendered devaluation of care work within a political economy of health increasingly dictated by a neoliberal logic.

Church, State and Secularism in Asia: The Public Nature of the Church in Timor-Leste

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-348
Author(s):  
Joel Hodge
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Political Identity ◽  
Roman Catholic Church ◽  
Nation State ◽  
The Public ◽  
Christian Churches ◽  
Practical Examination ◽  
Timor Leste ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Church

Abstract The Western discourse and norms around secularism, particularly Church-state relations, are foreign in many ways to the majority world, especially Asia. However, as the modern nation-state has taken root in Asia, different models of secularism have developed with interesting relationships to the particular cultural and religious context of each country. In the difficult course of forming a secular nation-state, Asian nations have had to address the dominant religious traditions and institutions of each nation, including Christian churches. This process has occasionally provoked conflict and has presented a particular dilemma to Christian churches in how to respond and relate to the developing nation-state. In order for theology to adequately address this situation (particular the context of modern secular discourses) and conceptualise the public shape and role of the church, a practical examination of the church’s relationship to and formation of culture and politics is required. To explore this process, this essay examines the case of Timor-Leste (or East Timor) and its relationship with the Roman Catholic Church, particularly in regards to the state-building process that has occurred after independence. The Church’s influence, which grew rapidly during the Indonesian occupation (1975–1999), has been contested since independence by some in the political sphere, such as in the 2005 dispute with the Government. By examining the 2005 dispute, the essay analyses the nature of the Catholic Church’s influence on Timorese cultural and political identity and her relationship with the new Timorese nation-state. The essay identifies the different models of secularism operative in Timor as they have relevance to the Asian context more generally.

Relocating Civil Society: Theories and Practices of Civil Society between Late Medieval and Modern Society

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maarten F. Van Dijck ◽  
Bert De Munck ◽  
Nicholas Terpstra
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
Voluntary Associations ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Associational Life ◽  
The Public ◽  
Civic Virtues ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
The Church

Civil society is widely considered as a crucial element in contemporary society. Academics and policy makers have traditionally associated it with voluntary associations and organizations, assuming that associational life is an ideal intermediary between citizens and government. While members of associations form large social networks, which they can mobilize at critical moments, the conviviality of group sociability fosters the development of a set of common values, such as a democratic political culture and other civic virtues. Its origins are generally situated in the eighteenth century, and are mostly attributed to secularization, Enlightenment thinking, the birth of the “public sphere,” and growing emancipation from oppressive structures such as the church and the state.

Hierarchical Planning Models for Public Healthcare Supply Chains

2019 ◽  
pp. 86-122
Author(s):  
Hassan Yar Bareach ◽  
Wafa Malik ◽  
Rania Sohail ◽  
Areeb Javaid ◽  
Muhammad Naiman Jalil
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chain Management ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Hierarchical Planning ◽  
Chain Management ◽  
The Public ◽  
Services Delivery ◽  
Planning Models

This chapter focuses on the hierarchical planning and execution for supply chain management in public healthcare services. The authors first introduce tiered organizational and services delivery structure of public healthcare services followed by various supply chain issues that public healthcare services encounters. They then review hierarchical planning and execution discussions for the strategic, tactical, and operational decisions in supply chain literature. They continue the discussion with public healthcare services cases on medicine and equipment maintenance supply chains. They compare hierarchical planning execution discussions in supply chain management literature vis-a-vis healthcare services cases. Their main argument is that much can be gained by the public healthcare services by striving for reduced information asymmetry and employing appropriate functional aggregation at various levels of the hierarchically organized public healthcare supply chains.

scholarly journals ASSESSING THE LEVEL OF PATIENT SATISFACTION ON PUBLIC HEALTHCARE FACILITIES IN SOUTH AFRICAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 172-181
Author(s):  
Ephrem Habtemichael Redda ◽  
Jhalukpreya Surujlal
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
South African ◽  
Healthcare Service ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Healthcare Provision ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Ethnic Grouping

Purpose of study: The purpose of this study was to assess patient satisfaction levels within South African public healthcare facilities. The influence of gender and ethnic grouping (race) perceptions of satisfaction of healthcare services was investigated. Methodology: The study followed a cross-sectional research design and a quantitative research method. The data was collected as part of the General Household Survey in 2018 by Statistics South Africa (the national statistics service of South Africa). Descriptive statistics and cross-tabulation were performed to address the research objectives of the study. Main findings: The results show that the majority of the patients who participated in the survey are satisfied with the public healthcare service they received. The leading provinces that achieved very satisfied patients are Limpopo, the Eastern Cape, Mpumalanga, KwaZulu-Natal, and Gauteng. Applications of the study: The study is important in many ways as it highlights the discrepancies of healthcare provision to the public health decision-makers. For example, the results show that generally, the male patients were slightly more satisfied with the healthcare services than their female counterparts. In terms of ethnic grouping, it appears that white patients are generally more satisfied with the public healthcare services they receive than other race groups. Novelty/originality of study: A study of this nature has not been conducted in South Africa apart from the anecdotal reports of the department of health and Statistics South Africa. The study delved to analyze the public healthcare service in all provinces of the republic and also provided insight into gender and racial perception of healthcare services in the country.

PrioritÀ cliniche in sanitÀ: governare la domanda con il coinvolgimento dei professionisti

2009 ◽  
pp. 166-177
Author(s):  
Giuliano Mariotti
Keyword(s):  
Waiting Times ◽  
Family Doctor ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Management Technique ◽  
Specific Patient ◽  
Family Doctors ◽  
The Public

- Creating order: this is the first step needed to prevent the collapse of the public healthcare system. Clinical priority for the healthcare services is a model to create an explicit order based on patients' needs, to guarantee timely referrals. This supports the idea that, despite the general perception that health care is difficult to access, availability of out-patient diagnostic procedures may be sufficient to meet the requirements of patients with major diagnostic needs. In Italy, the Homogeneous Waiting Groups (Raggruppamenti di attesa omogenei, RAO) model is being applied. It involves all those who are part of the process of providing a referral: the family doctor, the booking service (Cup) and the specialist. The model is based on identifying categories for the access to referrals. These allow the prescribers to establish in advance the length of wait considered adequate for a specific patient. To manage a system as complex as this one, it may be useful the socalled "facilitation" management technique. The aim is to guarantee the ongoing improvement of the quality of services, to make waiting times adequate to the clinical needs of citizens and the patients themselves more satisfied. Our experience encourages us to organise educational initiatives and joint courses for family doctors and specialists to reinforce the former's ability to increase their knowledge of appropriateness. At the same time, the involvement of family doctors and specialists may increase the level of concordance regarding the attribution of priority levels and adherence to guidelines' keywords. This will need to be evaluated as such schemes are adopted more widely.Keywords: appropriateness; clinical priority; primary care; waiting lists; clinical needs.

scholarly journals Public Healthcare: Citizen’s Preferences in Spain

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 467
Author(s):  
Silvia Prieto-Herraez ◽  
Teresa González-Arteaga ◽  
Rocío de Andrés Calle
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare System ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Private Hospitals ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Spanish Health ◽  
Rapid Emergence ◽  
Over Time

This paper analyzes the stability of citizens’ preferences on public healthcare services in Spain. Nowadays, the increasing privatization of some healthcare services and the rapid emergence of private hospitals have caused changes in people’s preferences on public healthcare systems. This paper focuses on analyzing the preferences of Spaniards on their healthcare system over time under the assumption that citizens’ preferences are represented by complete pre-orders. Data for this study were collected from the Spanish Health Barometer survey, and they were searched from 1995 until 2018. The results show that preferences on the public healthcare system are very stable along time.

Facilitating nursing students’ acquisition of knowledge about the public health perspective in nursing: Experiences from a pilot project

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-86
Author(s):  
Elsebeth Krøger ◽  
Hans Inge Sævareid ◽  
Åshild Slettebø
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Public Health Perspective ◽  
The Public ◽  
Group Interviews ◽  
Questionnaire Surveys

Knowledge about public health and public health work is important for meeting current and future health challenges. A group of nursing students in a cohort participated in a practicum programme pertaining to the study of the academic subject ‘Nursing and Society’. The municipality’s public healthcare services were the learning arena. The purpose of this pilot project was to explore whether participation in the municipality’s public healthcare services is a pedagogical approach that enhances nursing students’ acquisition of knowledge about the public health perspective in nursing. Combined methods were used in the evaluation. Data were collected through focus-group interviews and questionnaire surveys. The results reveal that participation in the municipality’s public healthcare services while studying the subject contributed towards enabling the students enrolled in the practical study to visualize the public health perspective in nursing.

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