scholarly journals Influence of sucrose and tyrosine on callus induction and morphine and codeine production on Papaver somniferum In vitro

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
M . S . Hamad ◽  
I. A. Hamza ◽  
S . A . Al-Muktar
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Drug Research ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Papaver Somniferum ◽  
Research Center ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
College Of Agriculture

A study was conducted at the tissue culture lab. College of Agriculture/ University of Baghdad and Drug Research Center/ Health Minstry during 2006 - 2007. Results indicated that MS medium supplemented with 30 g/l of sucrose gave the highest values (630.3, 61.6) mg of both fresh and dry weight of callus respectively. However, values of both parameters were reduced with increasing sucrose concentrations up to 60, 90, 120 g/l (478.2, 346.5, 217.6) mg respectively. MS medium supplemented with 30 mg/l of tyrosine gave the highest values of callus fresh and dry weight (429.7, 42.6) mg respectively. MS medium supplemented with 30 g/l of sucrose and 30 mg/L tyrosine gave the highest values (688.0, 67.5) mg of both fresh and dry weight callus. MS medium supplemented with 30 mg/l of tyrosine and 90 g/l of sucrose gave the highest values (2.9, 2.8) mg/g of morphine and codeine from fresh callus weight respectively while the lowest values of morphine and codeine (0.5K 0.2) mg/g from fresh callus weight respectively of control treatment .

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF STRESS ON SECONDARY METABOLITES PRODUCTION FROM CALLUS OF MORINGA OLEIFERA IN VITRO

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim & Ameen
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Poly Ethylene Glycol ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Metabolites Production

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of sucrose, poly ethylene glycol (PEG) on hypocotyl induced callus of Moringa oleifera at the plant tissue culture lab.- College of Agriculture– University of Baghdad from February 2015 to May 2016. Sucrose concentrations were 30, 60, and 90, 120 g .L -1 and PEG 0, 25, 50 and 100 g .L -1 added to MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg .L -1 of 2, 4-D and 0.1 mg .L -1 of NAA. MS medium supplemented with120 g .L -1 of sucrose gave the best amount of Zeatin, Quercetin and Kaempferol reached to 103.4, 1324.6 and 966.5 µg. g dry weight of callus-1 respectively. The concentrations of active compound increasing with adding PEG, MS medium supplemented with 100 g .L -1 PEG gave the highest value of Zeatin, Quercetin and Kaempferol which recorded 92.01, 3528.0 and 931.0 µg. g dry weight of callus-1 respectively. We found that we could increase the production of active material from callus that induced from explant by exposure the callus to several stress and then could separate the pure active material and used it as a drug in medicine.

scholarly journals INFLUNCE OF GROWTH REGULATORS ON CALLUS INDUCTION OF CITRUS VOLKAMERIANA IN VITRO

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Al- Khazali & Hamad
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Benzyl Adenine ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Citrus Volkameriana ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

This  research  was  conducted  in  the  plant  tissue  culture  Lab. College  of Agriculture / University  of  Baghdad  from  February to  October  2015. The aim  of  the  study  was  investigating  the  influences  of  combinations  of  Naphthalene  acetic  acid (NAA) , Thidiazuron (TDZ) Spermidine  (Spd. ) and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy  acetic  acid (2,4-D) , Benzyl  adenine (BA) on callus  induction  and  adventitous  shoot  regeneration  originated  from  cotyledon  of  Citrus volkameriana  seeds. Seeds  were  disinfested  with 0.1 % of  HgCl2  for 15 minutes. The MS  medium  supplemented  with  (0.0,1.5 , 3.0 ) mg L-1  NAA in combination with (0.0, 0.05, 0.1) mg L-1  TDZ and (0.0, 0.5 ,1.0) mg L-1 Spd. and MS medium supplemented with (0.0, 1.5 , 3.0) mg L-1  2,4-D in combination with (0.0 ,1.0 , 2.0 )  mg L-1  BA and (0.0 ,0.5 , 1.0) mg L-1  Spd. the  interaction between 1.5 mg L-1  NAA and (0.05 , 0.1)  mg L-1  TDZ and the interaction between 3.0 mg L-1  NAA and (0.05 ,0.1) mg L-1  TDZ with all concentrations of Spd.   gave  the  highest  percentage of  callus  induction  100 % . While  the  MS  medium  supplemented  with  3 mg L-1 of  2,4-D in  combination  with  all  concentrations  of  BA  and  spd.  gave  the  highest  percentage 100 % of  callus induction. Results showed that  MS medium supplemented  with 1.5 mg L-1  NAA in combination  with  0.1 mg L-1 TDZ and  1.0 mg L-1 spd.  gave  the  highest  values  of  fresh  and  dry  weight  of  callus  (668.8, 44.59 ) mg  respectively . While  the  MS  medium  supplemented  with  3 mg L-1 2,4-D  in combination with 1.0 mg  L-1  spd.  And 0.0 mg L-1 BA gave  the  highest  values  of  fresh  and  dry  weight  of  callus  (709.2 , 47.28 ) mg  respectively.

scholarly journals Growth and Photosynthetic Capability of Momordica grosvenori Plantlets Grown Photoautotrophically in Response to Light Intensity

HortScience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 757-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meijun Zhang ◽  
Duanduan Zhao ◽  
Zengqiang Ma ◽  
Xuedong Li ◽  
Yulan Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Callus Formation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Four Levels

Momordica grosvenori plantlets were cultured in vitro for 26 d on sucrose- and hormone-free Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with four levels of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), namely 25, 50, 100, or 200 μmol·m−2·s−1, and a CO2 concentration of 1000 μmol·mol−1 in the culture room [i.e., photoautotrophic micropropagation (PA) treatments]. The control treatment was a photomixotrophic culture using MS medium containing sucrose and NAA with a CO2 concentration of 400 μmol·mol−1 in the culture room and a PPFD of 25 μmol·m−2·s−1. Based on the results, a second experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and sucrose on callus formation. For this, plantlets were grown in the absence and presence of either NAA or sucrose. Compared with the control, the PA plantlet had a well-developed rooting system, better shoot, greater chlorophyll content, and higher electron transport rate and the ex vitro survival percentage was increased by 31%. Both sucrose and NAA stimulated callus formation on the shoot bases of control plantlets, whereas calluses did not form on the plantlets grown in sucrose- and hormone-free medium. The stronger light intensities increased the fresh and dry weight of plantlets. A PPFD of 100 μmol·m−2·s−1 was more suitable for the growth of M. grosvenori plantlets. Therefore, photoautotrophic plantlets grown at high light intensities would be better suited to the intense irradiance found in sunlight.

scholarly journals Effect of sucrose and mannitol on Ajmalicine production from leaves induced callus of Catharanthus roseus L. G. Don in vitro

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
Emad H. Jassim ◽  
Sami K. M. Ameen
Keyword(s):  
Catharanthus Roseus ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
And Control ◽  
Different Levels

An experiment on the effect of sucrose and mannitol on leave induced callus of Catharanthus roseus was conducted from February 2011 to May 2012. Callus induction was achieved by culturing leaves of the plant on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg /L 2,4-D and 1mg / L Kin, The best medium to maintain callus was on MS medium modified with 0.5 mg /L 2,4-D and 1.5 mg / L Kin. when different levels were added to MS medium for each Mannitol 0, 6000 ,8000 ,10000 mg /L and Sucrose 40, 60 ,80, 100 g /L in split experimental and control treatment was MS medium supplemented with 30 g/L sucrose. The results showed that medium supplemented with 100 gL of sucrose gave the highest quantity of Ajmalicine 32.27 µg/100 mg fresh weight of callus,as well as medium supplemented with 8000 mgL of Mannitol gave the highest value of Ajmalicine 120.19 µg/100 mg fresh weight of callus. The concentrations of Ajmalicine, derived from the leaves of the plants grown in pot, were lowest than the concentrations produced by the callus grown in vitro it was 0.047 µg/100 fresh weight of the leaves.

scholarly journals Induction and Growth Kinetics Callus of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkan Setiaji ◽  
RR Rifka Annisa ◽  
Rumiyati Rumiyati ◽  
Endang Semiarti
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Growth Kinetics ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Absolute Growth ◽  
Embedded Method

Plant callus extracts are potential to be developed as ingredient in skincare products. Tomato callus is supposed to contain protein-derivatives and or other components such as secondary metabolites that play a role in skin regeneration. Therefore the production of calli is important to be studied for callus sustainable supply. This research aims to obtain optimum medium for callus induction and to analyze tomato callus development anatomically. In vitro culture response was assessed in tomato plant (Solanum lycopersicum L. ‘Permata’) for optimum callus induction. Seeds were grown on ¼ MS medium for 10-15 days. Hypocotyl was excised and cultured on MS medium + 2 mg/l 2,4-D for 15 days as the explants for callus induction. Callus was transferred to MS medium with 8 variations of PGRs including the combination of BAP + NAA, and 2,4-D. Both fresh and dry weight was measured every 5 days over 60 days to establish the growth kinetics and growth efficiency of callus. Anatomic characters of calli were examined through paraffin-embedded method. The result showed of MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l NAA and 0.2 mg/l BAP is optimum for tomato callus induction, based on highest number of the absolute growth rate on fresh weight (73.77% per day), dry weight (3.84% per day), and callus initiation time (5.56 days) achieved by the medium. Cells in the ground tissue of tomato hypocotyl are competent to be dedifferentiated into a callus. This research results were expected to find out suitable methods for tomato callus production in preparation for skincare uses.

scholarly journals INFLUNCE OF AUXIN AND POLYAMINEES ON ROOTING OF SHOOTS OF CITRUS VOLKAMERIANA ROOTSTOCK IN VITRO

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Al- Khazali & Hamad
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Plant Tissue Culture ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Root Number ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Indole Butyric Acid ◽  
Citrus Volkameriana

This  research  was  conducted  in  the  plant  tissue  culture  Lab. College  of Agriculture / University  of  Baghdad  from  February to  October  2015. The aim  of  the  study  was  investigating  the  influence  of  combinations  of Indole  butyric  acid (IBA) ,  Naphthalene  acetic  acid (NAA) and  polyamine Spermidine (Spd.) on rooting of shoots of  citrus volkameriana rootstock cultured  on 1\2  MS medium. The Results indicated that 1/2 MS medium supplemented  with 1.0 mg L-1 (IBA)  gave the highest  percentage  of  rooting  (67 %) which differed significantly  from the MS medium with free auxin IBA  that gave (22%) while  the  MS medium  supplemented with 0.5 mg L-1  spermidine  gave the highest percentage of rooting (63%) that was not significantly different  than other concentrations of Spd . MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg L-1 IBA and 0.5 mg L-1 Spd. gave the highest percentage of rooting (83%) and the highest root number / shoot (3.17) and highest length of root (3.15 cm) while the MS medium with free auxin IBA and spd. did not give percentage of rooting (0%) for citrus volkameriana rootstock plantlets . The MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg L-1 NAA gave the highest percentage of rooting (56%) which differed significantly from MS medium with free auxin NAA that gave (22%)  while MS medium supplemented with 0.5mg L-1 spd. gave the highest percentage of rooting (50%) that was not significantly different from other concentration of Spd . MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg L-1 NAA and 0.5 mg L-1 Spd. gave the highest percentage of rooting (68%) and the highest root number /shoot (2.5) and highest length of root (2.65 cm) while the MS medium with free auxin NAA and Spd. did not gave percentage of rooting (0%) .

scholarly journals In vitro growth of Brassocattleya orchid hybrid in different concentrations of KNO3, NH4NO3 and benzylaminopurine

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean C Cardoso ◽  
Elizabeth O Ono
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Plant Tissue Culture ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
In Vitro Growth ◽  
Mass Propagation ◽  
Mineral Salts

One of the most important applications of plant tissue culture is mass propagation of ornamental plants. This experiment evaluated the effect of different concentrations of NH4NO3 and KNO3 and BAP on the in vitro growth of orchid hybrid Brassocattleya 'Pastoral'. Seedlings of this orchid hybrid were used as explants and cultivated in medium with mineral salts and vitamins from the MS medium (Murashige & Skoog, 1962), with the macronutrients P, Ca and Mg reduced by half, and with an addition of 25 g L-1 of sucrose, 0.1 g L-1 of myo-inositol and 1.5 g L-1 of activated charcoal. Agar-agar was added (6.5 g L-1) and the pH was adjusted to 5.8. As treatments, four concentrations of the NH4NO3 and KNO3 (2x; 1x; ½ and ¼ MS medium) and three concentrations of BAP (0.0; 0.5 and 1.0 mg L-1) were assayed. The multiplication, growth in height, fresh and dry weight and sugar level in dry weight of sprouts were evaluated. There occurred a higher growth in height with 0.25x NH4NO3 and KNO3 salts concentrations of MS medium and higher rate of multiplication with combination of NH4NO3 and KNO3 reduced by half of the MS medium concentration and 1.0 mg L-1 BAP.

scholarly journals The effect of gamma radiation on callus growth and plantlet regeneration of four tomato hybrid Lycopersicon esculentum mill In vitro

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
AssRana A.H. Al-roomia
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plantlet Regeneration ◽  
Callus Growth ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill

Calluses were induced from four tomato hybrid (Davista, superDavista, Muntcarloo,Hymar). On MS medium supplemented with 2, 4-D Auxin at concentration of 4 mg/L.The Callus were divided into two groups the first one was affected with gammaradiation at the doses (0,2,4,6,8)Gray and re cultured on the same mentioned medium.The second group was also affected with gamma radiation with the same dosesmentioned above and re- cultured on MS media supplemented with 0.5 mg/L Kinetinfor regeneration. Fresh and dry weight was measured after 8 weeks. The number andlength of shoots were measured as indicators after 6 weeks. Results revealed that thedose 2 Gray was superior to give highest rate of fresh and dry weight reaching 238.5and 43.1 mg respectively and the hybrid super Davista was superior in giving thehighest fresh and dry weight reaching 231.6 and 30.2 mg respectively. Moreover theresults revealed that control treatment was superior in giving the highest rate innumber and length of plantlets. The 2 Gray treatment showed a significant effect onthe rate and length of plantlets. In addition, there were significant differences amongthe cultivars in most characters mentioned above.

scholarly journals 556 In Vitro Anther Culture of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 491E-491
Author(s):  
M.H. Aboul-Nasr ◽  
M.A. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Growth Substance ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Growth Substances ◽  
Tetrad Stage ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Solid Media

This experiment was performed at the Tissue Culture Laboratory of the Horticulture Dept. of the Faculty of Agriculture at Assiut Univ., Egypt. After several attempts to determine the proper stage of buds for collection of pollen, we determined that the tetrad stage was most suitable. The pollen was cultured on either MS or B5 liquid or solid media (7% agar). Both media were used as basic salts or supplemented with growth regulators. The four growth substances were BA, NAA, K, and 2,4-D. Each growth substance was added to the medium separately as follow: BA, NAA at 15, 10, or 5 ppm; K at 0.1, 1, 2, or 5 ppm; and 2,4-D at 0.5, 1, or 5 ppm. The solidified medium was superior to the liquid medium at all the treatments that were used for callus formation. Using B5 medium did not result in any callus. The highest value of callus formation was obtained when MS medium supplemented with BA at 5 ppm. Moreover, the callus that was grown on the MS medium that had BA at 5 or 10 ppm developed a merstim tip. The control treatment produced calluses but did not develop any meristem tips. This process can be used to develop haploid plants.

scholarly journals Induced callus from seedlings of Peganum harmala L. and studying harmine compound concentration in vitro and in vivo by GC analysis

2019 ◽  
pp. 1442-1451
Author(s):  
H. H. Mutasher ◽  
H. J. Attiya
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Peganum Harmala ◽  
Tissue Culture Media ◽  
Compound Concentration ◽  
Stimulation Of

Plant tissue culture considers a benefit biotechnological technique for scientific research especially the production of undifferentiation callus cells and regeneration through suspension or static media. The seedlings of Peganum harmala was used as a source to produce callus mass in vitro in static media through different tissue culture media supplemented by varying combinations of plant growth regulators (PGR). The result illustrates that 2 mg/l of Kinitine with 0.5 mg/l of 2, 4-D was efficient to stimulate callus induction with percent 100% in stem and root of P. harmala and this combination gave a high fresh weight, 1954 mg in root and 1170mg in stem and high dry weight in root and stem was 74.60, 60.30 respectively. In a comparative analysis through gas chromatography (GC) the stem and root in field recorded harmine concentration 56.13 and 40.95 μg respectively, which was higher than the in vitro callus induction from stem and root, which may be due to the fact that field plants have not been exposed to plant hormones with concentrations higher than the normal level, which reduced the stimulation of cells producing active compounds.

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