scholarly journals Assessment of the impact of selected factors forcing the driver’s energy consumption

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 53-56
Author(s):  
Piotr Bojar ◽  
Mariusz Mikulski
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Driver Behavior ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Transmission System ◽  
Suspension System ◽  
Drive Unit ◽  
The Impact

The drivers' workplace has an impact on the safety of transport. Among the factors causing changes in driver behavior are the anthropechnical factors resulting from the actions of people in the vehicle and its surroundings, external ones resulting from the impact of weather conditions as well as the condition of the infrastructure and work resulting from the operation of the means of transport.One of such working factors is the noise which may be the source of: a drive unit, drive transmission system, suspension system, etc. The paper attempts to identify and assess the impact of this factor on the energy consumption of the driver's work.

scholarly journals Flight Simulator’s Energy Consumption Depending on the Conditions of the Air Operation

Energies ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 580
Author(s):  
Michał Gołębiewski ◽  
Marta Galant-Gołębiewska ◽  
Remigiusz Jasiński
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Flight Simulator ◽  
Motion Platform ◽  
Simulator Motion ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Protection of the natural environment is a key activity driving development in the transport discipline today. The use of simulators to train civil aviation pilots provides an excellent opportunity to maintain the balance between efficiency and limit the negative impact of transport on the environment. Therefore, we decided to determine the impact of selected simulations of air operations on energy consumption. The aim of the research was to determine the energy consumption of the flight simulator depending on the type of flight operation and configuration used. We also decided to compare the obtained result with the energy consumption of an aircraft of a similar class, performing a similar aviation operation and other means of transport. In order to obtain the results, a research plan was proposed consisting of 12 scenarios differing in the simulated aircraft model, weather conditions and the use of the simulator motion platform. In each of the scenarios, energy consumption was measured, taking into account the individual components of the simulator. The research showed that the use of a flight simulator has a much smaller negative impact on the natural environment than flying in a traditional plane. Use of a motion platform indicated a change in energy consumption of approximately 40% (in general, flight simulator configuration can change energy consumption by up to 50%). The deterioration of weather conditions during the simulation caused an increase in energy consumption of 14% when motion was disabled and 18% when motion was enabled. Energy consumption in the initial stages of pilot training can be reduced by 97% by using flight simulators compared to aircraft training.

An Optimization Model for the Energy Consumption vs. Gas Cooling Requirements in a Large NPS 56 Gas Transmission System

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neda Razi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Transmission System ◽  
Optimization Process ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
The South ◽  
Transmission Pipeline ◽  
Gas Cooling ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gas Refinery

Optimization of a large gas transmission pipeline results in reduced fuel consumption or higher capability and improves pipeline operation. In the current study, we have done an extensive research to optimize the operation of a huge NPS 56 pipeline system using gas cooling. This gas transmission line (the 4th major gas transmission pipeline of the National Iranian Gas Company, NIGC, or IGAT4) is designed to move over 110 MMSCMD (4.0 BCFD) of natural gas from the Assaluyeh Gas Refinery. This gas refinery which in turn receives gas from the huge gas reservoir of the South Pars Field (Iranian off-shore) is located in the south of Iran. The length of this system is over 800 kms (500 miles) with over 700 MW of compression power and aerial coolers at all compressor stations. This system passes through a very tortuous terrain with significant changes in elevation and ambient temperature which makes the optimization process even more challenging. The main objective of this project was to develop a customized tool to optimize the operation (energy consumption) of this gas transmission pipeline with all the existing system variables. The emphasis was on the impact of gas cooling (effective operation of aerial coolers) on the optimization process which in turn leads to the fuel minimization or higher capability. In this process, the impact of ambient temperature, soil temperature throughout the entire route of the pipeline, cost of electricity & fuel gas, heat transfer and Joule-Thompson effect were carefully considered. The tool was finally developed and was successfully tested on this gas transmission system which resulted in extremely accurate results. This tool could be further generalized to be used for other transmission systems.

scholarly journals Prediction of Cooling Energy Consumption Using a Neural Network on the Example of the Hotel Building

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Marek Borowski ◽  
Klaudia Zwolińska
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Multilayer Perceptron ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Demand Model ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Actual Energy Consumption ◽  
Indoor Comfort ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cooling Energy Demand

The purpose of this work is to determine internal and external factors affecting the cooling energy demand of a building. During the research, the impact of weather conditions and the level of hotel occupancy on cooling energy, which is necessary to obtain indoor comfort conditions, was analyzed. The subject of research is energy consumption in the Turówka hotel located in Wieliczka (southern Poland). In the article, the designer of neural networks was used in the Statistica statistical package. To design the network, a widely used multilayer perceptron model with an algorithm with backward error propagation was used. Based on the collected input and output data, various multilayer perceptron (MLP) networks were tested to determine the relationship most accurately reflecting actual energy consumption. Based on the results obtained, factors that significantly affect the consumption of thermal energy in the building were determined, and a predictive energy demand model for the analyzed object was presented. The result of the work is a forecast of cooling energy demand, which is particularly important in a hotel facility. The prepared predictive model will enable proper energy management in the facility, which will lead to reduced consumption and thus costs related to facility operation.

scholarly journals Analysis and Visualization of Natural Threats Against the Security of Electricity Transmission System

2017 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Huang ◽  
R. Pi ◽  
E. Bompard ◽  
F. Profumo ◽  
P. Cuccia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Transmission System ◽  
Electricity Transmission ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Electricity is one of the crucial energies of modern society, but it is greatly threatened by various kinds of menaces, especially natural hazards. Although they rarely happen, their occurrence may hugely affect the operation of power system. In this paper, we firstly, according the impact on power systems, classify natural threats into two categories (natural disasters and extreme weather conditions) and several subcategories (geological, hydrological, meteorological and climatological). Then the changes in natural threats to power systems and their trends during recent decades are discussed, along with a review of events that pose natural threats to the power system. Finally, the georeferenced model based on the Italy transmission system for natural threats analysis is presented.

scholarly journals Analysis of the EU Residential Energy Consumption: Trends and Determinants

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Tsemekidi Tzeiranaki ◽  
Paolo Bertoldi ◽  
Francesca Diluiso ◽  
Luca Castellazzi ◽  
Marina Economidou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Complex Dynamics ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Residential Energy ◽  
Residential Energy Consumption ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

This article analyses the status and trends of the European Union (EU) residential energy consumption in light of the energy consumption targets set by the EU 2020 and 2030 energy and climate strategies. It assesses the energy efficiency progress from 2000 to 2016, using the official Eurostat data. In 2016, the residential energy consumption amounted to 25.71% of the EU’s final energy consumption, representing the second largest consuming sector after transport. Consumption-related data are discussed together with data on some main energy efficiency policies and energy consumption determinants, such as economic and population growth, weather conditions, and household and building characteristics. Indicators are identified to show the impact of specific determinants on energy consumption and a new indicator is proposed, drawing a closer link between energy trends and policy and technological changes in the sector. The analysis of these determinants highlights the complex dynamics behind the demand of energy in the residential sector. Decomposition analysis is carried out using the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index technique to provide a more complete picture of the impact of various determinants (population, wealth, intensity, and weather) on the latest EU-28 residential energy consumption trends. The article provides a better understanding of the EU residential energy consumption, its drivers, the impact of current policies, and recommendations on future policies.

scholarly journals Energy Minimisation in a Protected Cropping Facility Using Multi-Temperature Acquisition Points and Control of Ventilation Settings

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 6014
Author(s):  
Premaratne Samaranayake ◽  
Chelsea Maier ◽  
Sachin Chavan ◽  
Weiguang Liang ◽  
Zhong-Hua Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Plant Canopy ◽  
Cooling Strategy ◽  
The Impact

Energy management in protected cropping is critical due to the high cost of energy use in high-tech greenhouse facilities. The main purpose of this research was to investigate the optimal strategy to reduce cooling energy consumption, by regulating the settings (opening/closing) of either vents or curtains during the day, at the protected cropping facility at Western Sydney University. We measured daily changes in air temperature and energy consumption under four treatments (open/closed combinations of vents and shade screens) and developed an optimal cooling strategy for energy management using multi-temperature acquisition points at different heights within a greenhouse compartment. The optimal treatment (vents open/curtains closed) reduced energy load at the rooftop, thereby maintaining a desirable plant canopy temperature profile, and reducing cooling energy. Daily energy consumption was lowest for vents open/curtains closed (70.5 kWh) and highest for vents closed/curtains open (121 kWh). It was also found that delaying the operation of opening and closing of vents and curtains until the plant canopy temperature reached 25 °C reduced cooling energy consumption and decreased heating energy consumption in the morning (e.g., 08:00 to 10:00). The estimated savings of 1.83 kWh per 1 °C cooling between the optimal (vents open/curtains closed) and least optimal (vents closed/curtains open) conditions had the potential for significant energy savings at 494 kWh per °C over a crop cycle of nine months in warm weather conditions. However, selection of the optimal cooling strategy utilising control of vents and curtains must also account for the impact from other greenhouse environmental factors, including light, humidity, and CO2 concentration, which may be crop specific.

scholarly journals Impact of Users’ Behavior and Real Weather Conditions on the Energy Consumption of Tenement Houses in Wroclaw, Poland: Energy Performance Gap Simulation Based on a Model Calibrated by Field Measurements

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 6707
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Szulgowska-Zgrzywa ◽  
Ewelina Stefanowicz ◽  
Krzysztof Piechurski ◽  
Agnieszka Chmielewska ◽  
Marek Kowalczyk
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Gap ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Performance Gap ◽  
Final Energy Consumption ◽  
The Impact

This paper presents the results of measuring the final energy consumption for heating and domestic hot water (DHW) preparation and indoor conditions in 15 apartments located in pre-war tenement houses. The measurements were compared to the computed energy consumption. The calculations ware made based on the model calibrated by field measurements. The discrepancies between measurements and calculations were assessed using the energy performance gap (EPG). Calculations were made separately for energy for heating and for DHW preparation. Additionally, the results of EPG calculations for different levels of analysis are presented aiming at assessing the impact of weather, temperature in the surrounding zones and users’ behavior. Users’ behaviors influencing the size of the EPG were divided into typical (energy saving or excessive energy consumption) and forced (energy poverty, response to the apartment’s surroundings, technical limitations. The connection between the heating sources and the heating habits has been clearly observed in the research. The former (typical) behaviors were the origin of the energy gap in the apartments heated with natural gas and district heating. The latter (forced) were the origin of the gap in the apartments heated with mostly electricity and solid fuel (with one exception: one apartment that utilized the district heating).

Investigating the Impact of Fog on Freeway Speed Selection using the SHRP2 Naturalistic Driving Study Data

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (16) ◽  
pp. 93-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Nasim Khan ◽  
Ali Ghasemzadeh ◽  
Mohamed M. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Driver Behavior ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Naturalistic Driving Study ◽  
Speed Selection ◽  
Naturalistic Driving ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Clear Weather

The negative effect of reduced visibility on driver performance has been recognized as one of the main causes of motor vehicle crashes in fog. Although many studies have concentrated on driver behavior during foggy weather in a simulated environment, there is a lack of studies that have addressed the impact of fog on driver behavior and performance in naturalistic settings. This paper utilized the data from the SHRP2 Naturalistic Driving Study (NDS) database to understand driver behavior in general and speed selection in particular during clear and foggy weather conditions. In this study, a comparative preliminary analysis and an ordered logit model were developed to evaluate driver speed behavior in fog and clear weather conditions. Results from the preliminary analysis showed 10% and 3% reduction in speed because of near fog and distant fog, respectively. In addition, results from the speed selection model showed that the odds of reducing speed were 1.31 and 1.28 times higher for drivers traveling in near fog and distant fog, respectively, compared with drivers who were driving in clear weather conditions. However, there is an over-representation of young drivers in the SHRP2 NDS database, which was reflected in the dataset used in this study. Therefore, a more representative sample of age groups might provide different results. The results from this study could provide a better insight into driver speed selection during foggy weather conditions, which can be utilized to improve various safety strategies including variable speed limits.

Impact of roof shading on building energy performance in warm & humid climatic places of India

2020 ◽  
pp. 50-64
Author(s):  
Kuladeep Kumar Sadevi ◽  
Avlokita Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
General Assumption ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Passive Cooling ◽  
Base Case ◽  
U Value ◽  
The Impact

With the rise in awareness of energy efficient buildings and adoption of mandatory energy conservation codes across the globe, significant change is being observed in the way the buildings are designed. With the launch of Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) in India, climate responsive designs and passive cooling techniques are being explored increasingly in building designs. Of all the building envelope components, roof surface has been identified as the most significant with respect to the heat gain due to the incident solar radiation on buildings, especially in tropical climatic conditions. Since ECBC specifies stringent U-Values for roof assembly, use of insulating materials is becoming popular. Along with insulation, the shading of the roof is also observed to be an important strategy for improving thermal performance of the building, especially in Warm and humid climatic conditions. This study intends to assess the impact of roof shading on building’s energy performance in comparison to that of exposed roof with insulation. A typical office building with specific geometry and schedules has been identified as base case model for this study. This building is simulated using energy modelling software ‘Design Builder’ with base case parameters as prescribed in ECBC. Further, the same building has been simulated parametrically adjusting the amount of roof insulation and roof shading simultaneously. The overall energy consumption and the envelope performance of the top floor are extracted for analysis. The results indicate that the roof shading is an effective passive cooling strategy for both naturally ventilated and air conditioned buildings in Warm and humid climates of India. It is also observed that a fully shaded roof outperforms the insulated roof as per ECBC prescription. Provision of shading over roof reduces the annual energy consumption of building in case of both insulated and uninsulated roofs. However, the impact is higher for uninsulated roofs (U-Value of 3.933 W/m2K), being 4.18% as compared to 0.59% for insulated roofs (U-Value of 0.33 W/m2K).While the general assumption is that roof insulation helps in reducing the energy consumption in tropical buildings, it is observed to be the other way when insulation is provided with roof shading. It is due to restricted heat loss during night.

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