scholarly journals Enterprise innovation in technology incubators and university business incubators in the context of Polish industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 799-817
Author(s):  
Jadwiga Gorączkowska
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
Business Incubators ◽  
Process Innovations ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Product Innovations ◽  
Technology Incubators ◽  
Product And Process

Research Background: The development of fledgling enterprises, especially those associated with medium-high and high technology is not easy. They often need to develop from inception a born global strategy, which is a great challenge at the beginning of a new business. Therefore, there is a global phenomenon of incubation, which supports young enterprises in the early stages of development. In Poland, the institutional dimension of incubation (especially for enterprises associated with modern technologies) consists of technology incubators and university business incubators. Yet, scientific research con-ducted in the area of entrepreneurship incubation gives contradictory results - some assess their activity positively, others negatively. Purpose of the article: Enterprises located in an incubator should allocate funds for R&D activities and create innovations to develop and gain market advantage. With this in mind, the purpose of the article is to check whether technology incubators and university business incubators contribute to an increase in the likelihood of conducting R&D activities and introducing product and process innovations. Methods: The study was conducted on a sample of 1058 industrial enterprises distributed across 2 Polish NUTS level 2 regions: Pomeranian and Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodships. It concerned innovative activity that enterprises conducted in 2014?2016. Thanks to the use of probit modeling determination was made for the probability of introducing new products and conducting R&D works in entities that used the services of incubators in relation to those that did not belong to them. Findings & Value added: Econometric modeling revealed that in the studied regions incubators contribute to an increase in the introduction of product innovations by enterprises and in conducting R&D activities. Support for the process of implementing innovation occurred significantly more often only in the case where technology incubators were involved. At the same time, it was noticed that only academic incubators increased the chances of introducing product innovations on a global scale. This means that tenants of technology incubators are more innovative than entities outside them, but their innovations in terms of the level of novelty do not differ from innovations implemented in entities outside incubators. The conducted study indicated that the transfer of systemic solutions related to stimulating innovation from developed countries to catching-up countries may be successful. This is a guideline for local authorities to create incubators that allow for an increase in the level of innovation of the incubated enterprises.

scholarly journals The institutional support for an innovation cooperation in industry: the case of Poland

Equilibrium ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 811-831
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Świadek ◽  
Jadwiga Gorączkowska
Keyword(s):  
Innovation System ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Specific Stimulus ◽  
Process Innovations ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Support Organizations ◽  
Business Support ◽  
Product And Process

Research background: Innovative economy and the business environment are important factors in the socio-economic development of a country. In a knowledge-based society, economic processes (especially innovation activity) require a specific stimulus. This stimulus can be provided by business support organization, which have been present in the Polish economy since the 1990s. Purpose of the article: The main goal of the article is to assess the system impact of business support organizations on cooperation in the area of new solutions (product and process innovations) in industry in Poland. Methods: The research method which was used in the analysis was logit modelling. Cooperation in the area of new solutions with the supplier, recipient and competitor was established as a dependent variable and business support organizations as independent variable. The analysis using logistic regression was based on comparison two groups of enterprises: those that were service recipients of support organizations and those that did not belong to this group. In this way, it was possible to determine if the use of BSO services increased the chances for innovative cooperation in industry. The survey was conducted in 2013?2017 among 6284 industrial enterprises. Findings & Value added: The survey showed that business support organizations significantly and systematically influence the establishment of innovative cooperation. Recipients of support organizations twice more often cooperated with suppliers and recipients than entities that did not. Stimulation of cooperation with competitors by BSO was weaker than it was in the case of suppliers and recipients. The conducted study provided information on the level of development of the national innovation system in catching-up countries on the example of Poland. It was pointed out that in economically weak territories, one should focus on stimulating innovative activity as such, while in the developed ones should be transferred to more advanced forms, i.e. innovative cooperation.

scholarly journals Employment Effects of Innovation at the Firm Level

2007 ◽  
Vol 227 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Lachenmaier ◽  
Horst Rottmann
Keyword(s):  
Employment Growth ◽  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Employment Effects ◽  
Process Innovations ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Product Innovations ◽  
Patent Applications ◽  
Product And Process ◽  
Positive Effect

SummaryThis paper analyzes empirically the effects of innovation on employment at the firm level using a uniquely long panel dataset of German manufacturing firms. The overall effect of innovations on employment often remains unclear in theoretical contributions due to reverse effects. We distinguish between product and process innovations and additionally introduce different innovation categories. We find clearly positive effects for product and process innovations on employment growth with the effects for process innovations being slightly higher. For product innovations that involved patent applications we can identify an additional positive effect on employment.

scholarly journals Growth of food sector’s productivity through innovations

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-263
Author(s):  
Ligita Melece ◽  
Agnese Krievina
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Manufacturing Enterprises ◽  
Personnel Costs ◽  
Process Innovations ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Baltic

Productivity is the ultimate driver of long-run economic growth but productivity of European countries, particularly Latvia, is lagging behind the United States (US) and some other developed countries. The purpose of this paper is: to find out and to recommend innovations’ types, which are more suitable for increasing the competitiveness (i. e., productivity) of manufacturing enterprises, in particular, of Latvia’s food sector’s enterprises; where the tasks are: 1) to clarify the current situation regarding to the competiveness, particularly productivity, and innovations in the Latvia’s food sector, comparing with other Baltic States; and 2) to find out financially the least consuming innovative tools for increasing the competitiveness and productivity of food sector’s enterprises. The comparison of productivity between the Baltic countries and other European Union (EU) countries (EU – average) highlights that it is lower in Latvia. At the same time, the share of personnel costs in the production value is considerably higher. Moreover, the value added per employer is also smaller. The share of innovative food enterprises in Latvia is the lowest among Baltic countries, and also in EU. Comparing the types of innovation, the organisational innovations are less common in EU, Baltic countries and, especially, in Latvia, than in US. The results strongly highlight the importance of organisational, notably management, innovations as a tool (requiring smaller investments) for increasing the productivity of food enterprises. The implementation of organisational and process innovations, inter alia, management practices and tools, deliver improvements in effectiveness, particularly productivity, and will offer more potential for competitive advantage than others.

scholarly journals The Impact of Innovation on Employment in Small and Medium Enterprises with Different Growth Rates

2009 ◽  
Vol 229 (2-3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Volker Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Employment Growth ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Process Innovations ◽  
Product Innovations ◽  
Product And Process ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Negative Growth

SummaryThis article examines the impact of innovation on employment growth in innovating small and medium enterprises. In contrast to existing studies, which typically use the least squares estimation technique, quantile regressions were carried out to analyse the data. This method allows one to examine the effects of innovation at any desired point on the distribution function - for example, in firms experiencing positive or negative growth - providing a more complete picture of the relationship between innovation and employment growth than the standard method of viewing deviations in the average effect. The key finding of the study is that innovation has a positive effect on employment in both growing and shrinking small and medium enterprises. In addition, innovation has a much stronger impact on employee headcounts in companies that are already experiencing strong growth than in their slower growing or shrinking counterparts. When differentiating between product and process innovations, the analysis shows that the introduction of new or improved processes has a larger impact on employment than product innovations. Thus, positive employment effects of innovations are not restricted to narrow segments of the economy. Economic policy aimed at bolstering the innovative strength of firms is thus a strong encouragement to employment on a broad basis.

scholarly journals The Innovativeness of Financial Institutions in Poland – the Perspectives of the Development

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-96
Author(s):  
Bogumił Czerwiński
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Financial Service ◽  
Organizational Changes ◽  
Pension Funding ◽  
Process Innovations ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
Product And Process

Financial services which are more and more important part of the economy in developed countries mainly absorbing the innovations are becoming simultaneously important creators of the innovations in the area of marketing and organizational changes. The essence of the innovation in the financial services was introduced in the article. The basic categories of innovations in the financial services were introduced. The analyses of the level of the innovativeness of the financial institutions with the regard of the subjective differentiation were executed on the basis of the statistical data and because of the kinds of the innovation. The basic groups of factors influencing the innovations were identified in the article and were connected with marketing activities on the market of the financial services. The thesis is to conduct some considerations about the continually insufficient level of the innovativeness of the majority of the financial institutions leading their activity in Poland. The identification of the part of innovations and the perspectives of the development of innovativeness in the activity of the financial institutions functioning in Poland is the aim of the research. Certain analyses were executed in this sector given statistical accumulated by GUS in 2009-2011. The objective and the subjective differentiation of the innovation were introduced. It was affirmed that financial services in Poland and in countries throughout Europe are one of the most innovative sections of the economy. Product and process innovations play larger meaning in functioning financial institutions. Research that was carried out showed that among all the enterprises numbered to the Section K-Financial and Insurance Activities (according to the classification PKD GUS) the most innovative are financial institutions belonging to the section 65 – Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security. The lower level of innovativeness are characterize however the most numerous among financial institutions enterprises numbered to section 64 – Financial service activities, except insurance and pension funding. On the base of the analysis given, the perspectives of the development of the innovativeness of financial institutions in Poland were introduced.

scholarly journals Innovation as a determinant of the competitiveness of Polish enterprises

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Sachpazidu-Wójcicka
Keyword(s):  
Technology Transfer ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Competitive Position ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Product And Process ◽  
High Level

Research background: Global competition, fast and dynamic technological change and increasingly shorter product life cycles have changed the current environment of enterprises’ functioning. In order to compete, firms are obliged to introduce new technologies, products, services or organizational systems and are forced to seek competitive advantages in innova-tiveness. Technology transfer becomes a major opportunity to enhance competitiveness and innovativeness of enterprises. The use of technology transfer and implementation of innova-tions allows companies to meet the requirements of the market and international competition. This paper discusses innovation activity occurring in industrial enterprises in Poland at present.Purpose of the article: The aim of the article is to determine the level of innovativeness in gaining the competitive position of surveyed Polish enterprises. The purpose of the article is to determine the occurring innovation activity and the novelty level of innovations implemented in the group of surveyed firms.Methods: The study is based on a survey on industrial firms (n=100) located in Poland. Data was collected during 100 individual interviews with high- and medium-level managers of randomly selected companies.Findings & Value added: The research has determined the level of innovativeness in gaining the competitive position of the surveyed firms. As the survey showed, enterprises prevailed the range of implementation of material innovation - product and process. Rarely firms implement non-material innovations. The study pointed to low activity in the field of patenting and implementing innovations with a high level of novelty. According to the obtained results, there is a dominant introducing new form the companies side innovations, which causes low competitiveness of surveyed enterprises. These findings suggest that measurement of innovativeness in gaining the competitiveness should be developed. The findings support the need for Polish enterprises to participate in advanced forms of technology and knowledge procurement.

scholarly journals The state of innovation in the British Columbia value-added wood products sector: the example of chain of custody certification

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 1067-1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haris R. Gilani ◽  
Robert A. Kozak ◽  
John L. Innes
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
New Products ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Business Systems ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Process Innovations ◽  
Chain Of Custody ◽  
Product And Process

This paper investigates the practices of the value-added wood products industry in British Columbia (BC) with respect to innovativeness using the results of an online survey. The survey employed an indirect self-evaluation scale to assess the propensity to create and (or) adopt new products, processes, and business systems. Using chain of custody certification as an example of business systems innovation, this study also investigated the attitudes of the value-added wood products manufacturers, who were already certified or who may become certified, towards innovation in this form. Results show that the respondents rated themselves as more innovative with respect to business systems innovation compared with product and process innovations. Overall, innovation levels were low in the BC value-added wood products sector, a result which was confirmed in the case of chain of custody certification.

scholarly journals Energy and Emission Efficiency of the Slovak Regions

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimír Baláž ◽  
Eduard Nežinský ◽  
Tomáš Jeck ◽  
Richard Filčák
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Review Literature ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Regional Patterns ◽  
Process Innovations ◽  
Emission Efficiency ◽  
Product And Process

This paper examines changing regional patterns of energy and emission efficiency in the Slovak regions in the period of 2008–18. Firstly; we review literature on key approaches to evaluating energy and emission efficiency; followed by discussing the pros and cons of specific methods. A slacks-based model of data envelopment analysis is applied in order to investigate changing patterns of energy and emission efficiency in 79 Slovak regions (LAU 1). Thereafter; changes in energy and emission efficiency are associated with policy interventions supported by the European Structural and Cohesion Funds (ESCF) in the period of 2011–15. The evaluation found no support for the hypothesis with regard to the positive impact of the ESCF on the increase in energy and emission efficiency. Combined support from three ESCF policy measures (€606.44m) was substantial; but accounted for a mere 6.3% of the total firm expenditure on product and process innovations in the period of 2007–15 (€9,573m). Productivity-boosting technological innovations and structural changes in the Slovak economy (a shift towards industries with a lower consumption of energy but a higher production of gross value added GVA) were major drivers of trends in energy and emission efficiency. If an increase in energy (emission) efficiency; rather than energy savings (a decrease in pollution), is a major objective of sustainable development policies; then innovation-oriented policies and changes in the structure of economic activities should be preferred to schemes supporting simple energy-saving (emission-cutting) projects

scholarly journals Effects of product and process innovations on the employment growth rate: Evidence for the Colombian manufacturing industry.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Barrios Aguirre ◽  
Sandra Yaneth Mora Malagón
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Employment Growth ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Process Innovations ◽  
Product Innovations ◽  
Product And Process ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract This paper estimates the effect of product and process innovation on the employment growth rate in Colombian manufacturing industry between 2007 and 2012. Based on the model forward put by Harrison et al. (2008), employment growth rate is explained by both the introduction of process innovations that have an effect on old products and the product innovations that have a positive effect on the growth of sales. This research uses the firm-level data panel from the Technological Development and Innovation Survey (EDIT) and the Annual Manufacturing Survey (EAM) in Colombia between 2007 and 2012. Given the firm´s production, results show a positive effect of product innovations on the employment growth rate and a negative effect of process innovations on the employment growth rate in manufacturing firms in Colombia.JEL classification: O25, E24, O33

scholarly journals Process and product innovations, multi-product status and export performance: firm-level evidence from V–4 countries

Equilibrium ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Cieślik ◽  
Jan Jakub Michałek
Keyword(s):  
Firm Size ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Set Covering ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Process Innovations ◽  
Product And Process ◽  
Visegrád Countries

Research background: In this paper, we study empirically the relationship between different forms of innovations, multi-product status and export performance of firms from four Visegrad countries. We treat innovations as the key element that can increase the level of firm productivity. Purpose of the article: The main objective is to analyze the empirical relationship between different firms of innovation of firms from Visegrad countries and their export performance. In contrast to previous studies that use R&D spending as a measure of innovation, we rather relay on innovation outcomes. Our detailed hypotheses postulate the existence of positive relationships between firm export performance and different forms of innovation. We seek to determine which type of innovation activity is of the greatest importance for exporting and whether it depends on firm size, the level of internationalization, the use of human capital and its sector of activity. In addition, we control for the multi-product status of firms, i.e. whether they sell one or many products. Methods: The measures of innovative activity of companies include both spending on R&D as well as its effects, such as product and process innovations. In addition, we control for the multi-product status measured by the share of the main product in total sales of the firm, as well as for other firm-level characteristics. The empirical implementation of the theoretical framework is based on the probit models, applied to the fifth edition of BEEPS firm level data set covering the period 2011–2014. Findings & Value added: Our results indicate that the probability of exporting is positively related to both product and process innovations and the multi-product status. In addition, we find that the probability of exporting is related to the set of control variables including labor productivity, firm size, the share of university graduates in productive employment, foreign capital participation and the use of foreign licenses.

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