scholarly journals Prioritization-based Layered Multicast for Fixed/Mobile Networks with Fast Convergence and Inter-Session Fairness

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenichi Kashibuchi ◽  
Tarik Taleb ◽  
Abbas Jamalipour ◽  
Yoshiaki Nemoto ◽  
Nei Kato
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Multimedia Data ◽  
Mobile Environments ◽  
Bandwidth Utilization ◽  
Layered Multicast ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Streaming Services

Multimedia streaming services are becoming popular in both wired and wireless networks. Layered multicast is a widely accepted approach for streaming multimedia data to a large number of users. Existing layered multicast approaches donot interact well with network dynamics. Indeed, upon a change in network conditions, they require a long time till they can appropriately adjust their data transmission rate. Additionally, they do not achieve fairness when users from different sessions share the bandwidth of a bottleneck link.In this paper, we propose a scheme that allows newly-arriving users to promptly converge their data transmission rates to the most optimal rate that best suit the current conditions of the network without degrading the system fairness. The proposed scheme is based on the fact that layered multicast uses prioritybased packet dropping policies. In the proposed scheme, two newly-defined packet messages are considered: “low priority join” and “normal join” messages. To join a session, a user first subscribes to all corresponding layers by issuing “low priority join” messages. It then computes packet drops experienced oneach layer. If packets of a given layer experience a drop rate higher than a predetermined threshold, the user leaves that layer and all higher layers. The user then “officially” joins the remaining layers by transmitting “normal join” messages. This operation helps users to subscrive to only layers whose aggregate bandwidth fits the current network conditions. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated through computer simulations and is compared against the Receiverdriven Layered Multicast (RLM) scheme. The results show that the proposed scheme achieves appropriate bandwidth utilization from the start of the session. The results demonstrate also that the proposed scheme is effective in managing handover in mobile networks and achieves better Quality of Service (QoS) inheterogeneous mobile environments.

scholarly journals Considerations for Continuing Semielective and Emergency Otolaryngological Procedures During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Sarina K. Mueller ◽  
Maximilian Traxdorf ◽  
Konstantinos Mantsopoulos ◽  
Antoniu-Oreste Gostian ◽  
Matti Sievert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Emergency Surgery ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Threatening Condition ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Life Threatening

Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, worldwide over 600,000 human beings died due to the cause of the disease. In order to deescalate the transmission rate and to avoid crush loading the countries medical health systems social distancing, face masks, and lockdowns have been considered essential by the majority of governments. Whereas some countries have highly reduced or completely stopped otorhinolaryngological procedures, other countries have continued selected surgeries. The objective of this study was to analyze procedures and outcomes of continuing semielective and emergency surgeries during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Retrospective analysis of n = 750 patients who received semi-elective or emergency surgery between March 26 and June 16, 2020, in the Otolaryngology Department of the Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg. All patients were screened for COVID symptoms and swabbed for SARS-CoV-2 prior to surgery. Results: Of the n = 750 patients, n = 699 patients received semielective surgery and n = 51 emergency surgery. For 27 patients, the swab result could not be awaited due to a life-threatening condition. In these cases, surgery was performed in full protective equipment. No patient was tested positive during or after the surgery (follow-up 45 to 127 days). No member of the medical personnel showed symptoms or was tested positive after contact with patients. Due to the continuation of surgeries, patients’ lives were saved and improvement of long-term quality-of-life and outcomes is anticipated. Conclusions: Continuing selected otorhinolaryngological surgeries is crucial for patients’ health, survival, and long-time quality of life, yet, the protection of the medical personnel has to be granted.

scholarly journals Detection and Classification of Haze Affected Images Using CNN Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Senthil Kumar K Pa, Et. al.
Keyword(s):  
Data Transmission ◽  
Pattern Detection ◽  
Multimedia Data ◽  
Video Sequences ◽  
Classification Approach ◽  
Shearlet Transform ◽  
Multimedia Data Transmission ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

Detection and classifications of the haze affected image is important for the real time multimedia data transmission and reception in remote mode in order to improve the quality of the received image or video sequences. In this paper, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) classification approach is used with Shearlet Transform for the detection and segmentation of haze affected images.The image to be tested for haze pattern detection is preprocessed and then it is decomposed with shearlet transform. The features are computed from the shearlet transform decomposed coefficients and then these computed features are classified by the deep learning CNN for identifying the haze affected images. This proposed haze classification method is tested on both indoor and outdoor environmental images.

scholarly journals Adaptive Coding in Control of Two Satellites Relative Motion Over the Packet Erasure Communication Channel

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Andrievsky ◽  
Alexander Fradkov ◽  
Elena Kudryashova
Keyword(s):  
Data Transmission ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Communication Channel ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Control Law ◽  
Data Transmission Rate ◽  
High Data ◽  
Navigation Data ◽  
Binary Coding

The paper is focused on the navigation data exchange between two satellites moved in a swarm. The feedback control law is designed ensuring regulation of the relative satellites motion. The adaptive binary coding/decoding procedure for data transmission over the limited capacity communication channel is proposed and studied for the cases of ideal and erasure channel. Dependence of the regulation time on the data transmission rate is numerically found. The results obtained provides dependence of the required load of the communication channel on the desired quality of the stabilization process. It is demonstrated that for significantly high data transmission rate erasure of data in the channel with probability up to 0.3 does not make an effect on the regulation time.

scholarly journals Smart Home using Visual Sensor Network and Li-Fi Technology

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 4791-4796
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Network ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Smart Home ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Visual Sensor ◽  
Visual Sensor Network ◽  
The Internet Of Things

One of the most interest gaining and intellectual applications of the Internet of Things (IOT) is Smart Home. It enhances the quality of human life and brings more comfortability, convenience and savings. In this paper, an intellectual home procedural system is proposed which is based on Li-Fi technology as medium of communication between the connected devices. It uses wireless visual sensor network as video surveillance system. Li-Fi is a bi-directional high speed connected technology that supports sharing (sending and receiving) of data by illuminating the usage of LED bulbs. The usage of such innovation gives a surety of a higher level of security, higher data transmission rate, less consumption of energy and more convenience.

scholarly journals QoS Analysis of Video Streaming in the UAV Networks with WiFi Standards

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
Kirill Eduardovich Korepanov ◽  
Irina Alekseevna Kaisina ◽  
Roman Eduardovich Shibanov ◽  
Albert Vinerovich Abilov ◽  
Mohammed Amin Lamri
Keyword(s):  
Data Transmission ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Video Stream ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Network Simulator ◽  
Coding Schemes ◽  
Ground Station ◽  
Transmission Parameters ◽  
Aerial Vehicle

The paper presents the results of simulation of the process of video data transmission from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to a ground station using the IEEE 802.11 family standards (802.11n, 802.11ac and 802.11ax), with the ability to change modulation indices, coding schemes and data transfer rate in a network simulator NS-3. The aim of the work is to analyze the characteristics of the quality of video data transmission in the UAV network for various Wi-Fi standards, which allows determining the most suitable standard for the transmission of video data in the UAV network, depending on the distances between nodes and the required frequency band. A scenario is considered in which an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) hovering in the air was transmitting a video stream to a ground station, while the distance between nodes increased, and the transmission rate was maintained at the same level close to the transmission rate of the real video stream. The simulation was carried out in several stages for a more detailed study of the dependence of the packet loss of the transmitted data on the change in modulation indices, coding schemes and other parameters. Based on the simulation results, the characteristics of the video data transmission quality were obtained as a relation between the Packet delivery rate (PDR) and distance between nodes for different transmission parameters for each considered standard of the IEEE 802.11 family. Based on the results obtained, conclusions were drawn about the influence of transmission parameters on the quality of service characteristics. The study was carried out in an open-source network simulator NS-3, which implements build-in libraries that are necessary for high-quality simulation of data streaming transmission and allows you to set a wide range of parameters to obtain realistic results. The results of the work may be of interest to UAV manufacturers when planning missions in which the choice of Wi-Fi standard used as a channel for transmitting video data is crucial.

The Four Facets of Multimedia Streaming

2010 ◽  
pp. 59-68
Author(s):  
Florence Agboma ◽  
Antonio Liotta
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Experience ◽  
Multimedia Streaming ◽  
Mobile Environments ◽  
Network Access ◽  
Network Support ◽  
Streaming Applications ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Streaming Services

Recent advances in media coding techniques and network access technologies have made multimedia streaming practicable and affordable in both fixed and mobile environments. Multimedia streaming services from anywhere and at anytime is fast becoming a reality. This chapter provides a snapshot of the facets involved in delivering multimedia streaming contents to the end user’s terminal. The facets discussed in the chapter extend from the streaming paradigms, media coding techniques, the network support for multimedia streaming services to the techniques used to evaluate the user’s quality of experience for multimedia streaming applications. Each facet is also discussed for both fixed and mobile environments.

scholarly journals Flow Sensing-Based Congestion Detection for D2D Streaming on a 5G gNB

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 258
Author(s):  
Chongdeuk Lee
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
D2d Communications ◽  
Flow Sensing ◽  
Channel Bandwidth ◽  
Flow Imbalance ◽  
Streaming Services ◽  
Streaming Service ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Control Traffic

To provide high-quality streaming services in device-to-device (D2D) communications, performance parameters such as encoding rate, decoding rate, and flow rate should be detected and monitored. The proposed algorithm provides a method to detect time streaming for traffic flows in D2D communications, and a sequence to detect rate imbalance. This paper proposes a new FS-CDA (flow sensing-based congestion detecting algorithm) to prevent high congestion rates and assist an optimized D2D streaming service in 5G-based wireless mobile networks. The proposed algorithm detects and controls flow imbalance for streaming segments during D2D communications, and it includes operations such as transmission rate monitoring, rate adjustment functions, and underflow and overflow sensing for these operations. The paper aims to effectively control traffic flow rates caused by adjacent channel bandwidth, high bit rate error, and heterogeneous radio interference, and to enhance the performance of D2D streaming services by performing such operations. The proposed algorithm for D2D streaming services is measured by deriving the individual weight of certain versions of a streaming flow. Based on the given operations, the simulation results indicated that the proposed algorithm has better performance with respect to average congestion control ratio, PSNR, and average throughput than other methods.

scholarly journals Numeric Analysis for Relationship-Aware Scalable Streaming Scheme

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heung Ki Lee ◽  
Jaehee Jung ◽  
Kyung Jin Ahn ◽  
Hwa-Young Jeong ◽  
Gangman Yi
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Packet Loss ◽  
Reference Frames ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Multimedia Data ◽  
Set Top Box ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Streaming Service ◽  
Scalable Streaming

Frequent packet loss of media data is a critical problem that degrades the quality of streaming services over mobile networks. Packet loss invalidates frames containing lost packets and other related frames at the same time. Indirect loss caused by losing packets decreases the quality of streaming. A scalable streaming service can decrease the amount of dropped multimedia resulting from a single packet loss. Content providers typically divide one large media stream into several layers through a scalable streaming service and then provide each scalable layer to the user depending on the mobile network. Also, a scalable streaming service makes it possible to decode partial multimedia data depending on the relationship between frames and layers. Therefore, a scalable streaming service provides a way to decrease the wasted multimedia data when one packet is lost. However, the hierarchical structure between frames and layers of scalable streams determines the service quality of the scalable streaming service. Even if whole packets of layers are transmitted successfully, they cannot be decoded as a result of the absence of reference frames and layers. Therefore, the complicated relationship between frames and layers in a scalable stream increases the volume of abandoned layers. For providing a high-quality scalable streaming service, we choose a proper relationship between scalable layers as well as the amount of transmitted multimedia data depending on the network situation. We prove that a simple scalable scheme outperforms a complicated scheme in an error-prone network. We suggest an adaptive set-top box (AdaptiveSTB) to lower the dependency between scalable layers in a scalable stream. Also, we provide a numerical model to obtain the indirect loss of multimedia data and apply it to various multimedia streams. Our AdaptiveSTB enhances the quality of a scalable streaming service by removing indirect loss.

Tingkat Pemahaman Kompetensi Guru Pada Mahasiswa Pendidikan Geografi Sebagai Calon Guru Geografi

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-117
Author(s):  
Novia Zalmita ◽  
Muhajirah Muhajirah ◽  
Abdul Wahab Abdi
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Teachers ◽  
Prospective Teacher ◽  
Quantitative Description ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Geography Education ◽  
Teacher Competence ◽  
Education Department ◽  
Long Time

One that influences human resource indicators is education. The teacher is a profession as a job of academic specialization in a relatively long time in college. Understanding related to teacher competence is very important to have by a prospective teacher because it can affect the quality of performance as a professional teacher. The teacher's competence is known as pedagogic, professional, social and personality competencies. The issue in this study is how the competency of the teacher of the Department of Geography Education FKIP Unsyiah as a prospective teacher of geography? The purpose of this study was to determine the competence of teachers in the Department of Geography Education FKIP Unsyiah as prospective geography teachers. Quantitative description approach is used in this study to find answers to the issue. The population in this study were students of the Department of Geography Education FKIP Unsyiah class of 2015 and 2016 who had been declared to have passed the Micro Teaching and Magang Kependidikan 3 course totaling 50 people. Because the population is small and can be reached, the determination of the sample using total sampling techniques so that the sample in this study is the whole population. Data collection is done by distributing test questions to respondents. The data was analyzed using the descriptive statistics percentage formula. The results of the study indicate that the level of teacher competence of Geography Education Department students as prospective teachers is in the moderate category, namely as many as 22 respondents (44%). A total of 12 respondents (24%) were in the high category, 15 respondents (30%) were in the low category and 1 respondent (2%) were in the very low category.

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