scholarly journals Problems of uniform distribution of gas flow in gas drying absorbers when preparing gas for transportation

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
Yuriy Aleksandrovich Maksimenko ◽  
Sergei Drachevskii ◽  
Natal'ya Drachevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Process Equipment ◽  
Automatic Equipment ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Gas Treatment ◽  
High Level ◽  
High Degree

The article highlights the important factors of gas treatment. The dew point of commercial gas is one of the main normalized indicators, since the moisture content in commercial gas has a significant impact on the uptime of automatic equipment, on reducing corrosion of gas pipelines, process equipment and compressor stations during gas transportation. Adsorption drying of natural gas is a widely used method in the Russian gas industry. This method is characterized by the high level of environmental safety. Besides, the advantages of the method include the absence of the liquid phase and corrosive fluids in the commercial gas, low specific adsorbent consumption and the high degree of process automation. The article presents an overview of practical methods of adsorption drying of natural gas when preparing it for transportation. The advantages of adsorption drying over other methods are considered; the constructive disadvantages of absorber types are described; the ways of eliminating them are proposed

Liquefied natural gas as a backup fuel for TPP

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-91
Author(s):  
S. N. Lenev ◽  
V. B. Perov ◽  
A. N. Vivchar ◽  
A. V. Okhlopkov ◽  
O. Y. Sigitov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Gas Flows ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Gas Consumption

Major trends in the development of the gas industry point to a large-scale expansion of the liquefied natural gas (LNG) market, which continues to be a fast-growing segment compared to other energy sources. The national policy of the Russian Federation is aimed at developing the infrastructure of LNG complexes. This article analyses the world experience in the use of LNG complexes in gas consumption peak damping installations, which meet the conditions of LNG use as a backup fuel by PJSC Mosenergo branches (low-tonnage production combined with a large volume of LNG storage). It is shown that, in terms of the conditions of production and use of LNG at power plants, the most suitable are installations with 90–100% liquefaction of the incoming gas flow with an external refrigerating circuit using a mixed refrigerant or nitrogen, which provide the composition of regasified LNG almost identical to the composition of the source gas. The authors have formulated requirements for the development of energy-efficient LNG complexes at PJSC Mosenergo branches, including ensuring cycle energy consumption by expanding the network gas in the expander with utilization of refrigerating capacity in the liquefaction cycle, as well as cooling the compressed coolant of the refrigerating circuit by gas flows supplied further for combustion. The technological features of implementation of the LNG complex for production, storage and regasification of LNG as a reserve fuel for TPPs are reviewed. The study has shown that the most suitable power plant for the introduction of an LPG complex is TPP-22, for which a new fuel oil facility is being designed. Despite the current practice of using fuel oil and diesel fuel as backup fuels, LNG can have a competitive advantage through the use of secondary energy resources of TPPs. 

Turbocompressor Revamp: A Low Cost Modification to Considerable Efficiency Improvement

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roald Skorping ◽  
Harald Underbakke
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Process Equipment ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
European Continent ◽  
Gas Treatment ◽  
Wellhead Pressure ◽  
Inlet Conditions

Depletion of oil and gas reservoirs will gradually reduce the wellhead pressure. Consequently, the process equipment for separation and transport of oil and gas will move into off-design operation with reduced efficiency. Turbocompressors are critical equipment used for re-compression, injection or transport of natural gas. Off-design operation may result in a major compressor efficiency drop. Statoil operates several offshore North Sea process platforms where reduction in wellhead pressure is a challenge. This paper describes the experience with compressor revamp on one onshore and one offshore process plant covering scope of work / supply, installation, testing, operation and cost/benefit analyses. The processing facility on Statoil’s Troll A platform in the North Sea interacts with the installations at the Kollsnes gas treatment plant near Bergen, where natural gas is transported to the European Continent by the world’s largest variable speed electrical drive pipeline compressors. Changes in gas inlet conditions required revamping in order to adapt the compressor performance to existing process conditions. In addition, a high performance 3 dimensional rotor design was installed in the old compressor casing. Sleipner East and Sleipner West lie in the Norwegian North Sea. The first of these gas and condensate fields came on stream in October 1993. After gradually reduction of the wellhead pressure on the Sleipner A processing platform, it was decided to modify the processing facilities and revamping of two gas turbine driven re-compressors were required.

SCIENTIFIC AND ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES OF EFFICIENT FUEL USE AND ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY GAS COMBUSTION IN STOVE PLATES. PART 1. MODERN STATE-OF-THE-ART AND DIRECTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT THE GAS BURNING IN DOMESTIC GAS COOKERS

2017 ◽  
pp. 3-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.S. Soroka ◽  
V.V. Horupa
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Orifice Diameter ◽  
Firing Process ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Combustion ◽  
Gas Stoves

Natural gas NG consumption in industry and energy of Ukraine, in recent years falls down as a result of the crisis in the country’s economy, to a certain extent due to the introduction of renewable energy sources along with alternative technologies, while in the utility sector the consumption of fuel gas flow rate enhancing because of an increase the number of consumers. The natural gas is mostly using by domestic purpose for heating of premises and for cooking. These items of the gas utilization in Ukraine are already exceeding the NG consumption in industry. Cooking is proceeding directly in the living quarters, those usually do not meet the requirements of the Ukrainian norms DBN for the ventilation procedures. NG use in household gas stoves is of great importance from the standpoint of controlling the emissions of harmful components of combustion products along with maintenance the satisfactory energy efficiency characteristics of NG using. The main environment pollutants when burning the natural gas in gas stoves are including the nitrogen oxides NOx (to a greater extent — highly toxic NO2 component), carbon oxide CO, formaldehyde CH2O as well as hydrocarbons (unburned UHC and polyaromatic PAH). An overview of environmental documents to control CO and NOx emissions in comparison with the proper norms by USA, EU, Russian Federation, Australia and China, has been completed. The modern designs of the burners for gas stoves are considered along with defining the main characteristics: heat power, the natural gas flow rate, diameter of gas orifice, diameter and spacing the firing openings and other parameters. The modern physical and chemical principles of gas combustion by means of atmospheric ejection burners of gas cookers have been analyzed from the standpoints of combustion process stabilization and of ensuring the stability of flares. Among the factors of the firing process destabilization within the framework of analysis above mentioned, the following forms of unstable combustion/flame unstabilities have been considered: flashback, blow out or flame lifting, and the appearance of flame yellow tips. Bibl. 37, Fig. 11, Tab. 7.

Finding Fault with the Nexus Pipeline? Agency Capture and the Public Good

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Andrew R. Kear
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Public Good ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Environmental Impact Statement ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
The Public ◽  
Fracturing Process ◽  
Natural Gas Industry ◽  
Regulatory Commission

Natural gas is an increasingly vital U.S. energy source that is presently being tapped and transported across state and international boundaries. Controversy engulfs natural gas, from the hydraulic fracturing process used to liberate it from massive, gas-laden Appalachian shale deposits, to the permitting and construction of new interstate pipelines bringing it to markets. This case explores the controversy flowing from the proposed 256-mile-long interstate Nexus pipeline transecting northern Ohio, southeastern Michigan and terminating at the Dawn Hub in Ontario, Canada. As the lead agency regulating and permitting interstate pipelines, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission is also tasked with mitigating environmental risks through the 1969 National Environmental Policy Act's Environmental Impact Statement process. Pipeline opponents assert that a captured federal agency ignores public and scientific input, inadequately addresses public health and safety risks, preempts local control, and wields eminent domain powers at the expense of landowners, cities, and everyone in the pipeline path. Proponents counter that pipelines are the safest means of transporting domestically abundant, cleaner burning, affordable gas to markets that will boost local and regional economies and serve the public good. Debates over what constitutes the public good are only one set in a long list of contentious issues including pipeline safety, proposed routes, property rights, public voice, and questions over the scientific and democratic validity of the Environmental Impact Statement process. The Nexus pipeline provides a sobering example that simple energy policy solutions and compromise are elusive—effectively fueling greater conflict as the natural gas industry booms.

ANTICYTOKINE ACTIVITY OF THE PROTOZOA BLASTOCYSTIS SPP

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
Bugero N.V. ◽  
Ilyina N.A. ◽  
Aleksandrova S.M.
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
Cytokine Balance ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Blastocystis Spp ◽  
High Level ◽  
Eukaryotic Organisms ◽  
High Degree

In addition to the classical pathogens, which are well understood and well identified, new pathogens with the potential to spread epidemiologically are being identified. Some of these little-known organisms are the simplest Blastocystis spp. blastocystostosis. The clinical significance of Blastocystis spp. and its pathogenicity are still under discussion. This parasite belongs to a group of single-celled eukaryotic organisms living in the colon of the human intestine. Blastocystis spp. is known to be found both in people with reduced immune status and in individuals without any clinical manifestation. It has been established that a sufficiently high degree of invasiveness is observed in persons with gastrointestinal tract diseases, dermatosis, allergic reactions, in patients with carriers of the human immunodeficiency virus, etc. Possessing persistence factors, protozoa blastocysts contribute to the inactivation of host defensive mechanisms, providing a stable anthogonistic effect. In recent years, many works have been devoted to the characteristics of the persistent properties of Blastocystis spr., however, individual properties of blastocysts, in particular, anticytokine activity (ACA), have not yet been studied. In this regard, the work studied the anticytokine activity of microorganisms isolated from healthy subjects and patients with gastrointestinal tract diseases. A high prevalence of the studied characteristic in the subjects was shown. The expression of anticytokine activity in the obtained isolates of blastocysts was the highest in the group of persons with gastric ulcer disease, which decreased in the order of duodenal ulcer, chronic cholecystitis, chronic gastritis, etc. The data obtained in this work on the high level of ACA expression in blastocyst isolates obtained from individuals with gastrointestinal diseases as compared with the control group enables to conclude that their exometabolites may influence the local cytokine balance [1], which supports the inflammatory process.

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