scholarly journals Pod set and Pollen Viability Studies in Yard Long Bean (Vigna unguiculata sub sp. sesquipedalis)

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-172
Author(s):  
Merin E G ◽  
Sarada S ◽  
Celine V A
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Male Parent ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Hand Pollination

A study was conducted in a yard long bean (Vigna unguiculata sup/ssp. sesquipedalis) hybrid VS 50 (Kakkamoola Local) x VS 26 (Vellayani Jyothika) to assess the percentage fruit set at two time intervals and to identify the best time interval for pollination in yard long bean hybrids. Hand pollination was done using VS 50 as female parent and VS 26 as male parent for seven consecutive days at two time intervals, 6.30 – 7.30 am and 7.30 – 8.30 am. Higher percentage of fruit set (36.8 %) was observed between 6:30 – 7:30 a.m. as compared to the time interval 7:30 – 8:30 am. (23.8%). Pollen viability was determined for the parents VS 50 (Kakkamoola Local) and VS 26 (Vellayani Jyothika) at 6.30, 7.30 and 8.30 am. Highest pollen viability for both the parents VS 50 and VS 26 was observed during 7.30 am. The present study shows that the best time interval for crossing in yard long bean is 6.30- 7.30 a.m.

scholarly journals Study of compatibility and determination of the suitable pollinizer for Argane tree (Argania spinosa L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naima Ait Aabd ◽  
Abdelghani Tahiri ◽  
Abdelaziz Mimouni ◽  
Rachid Bouharroud
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Pollen Donor ◽  
Cross Compatibility ◽  
Hand Pollination ◽  
Flowering Rate ◽  
First Time

During the breeding program studies, the pollen donor parents (pollinizers) were observed to be characterized by a strong flowering rate and very low fruit set, even after hand pollination. Then the notion of pollinizers in the argane species was born, first mentioned, checked, documented and confirmed like other conventional tree species. Since the argane tree is completely self-incompatible, the presence of compatible pollinizers is necessary for the fruit set. Indeed, pollinizers need to be selected accurately based on the synchronization of bloom periods and compatibility to receiver trees (female). The pollinizer is essential in any breeding program and for new orchard plantations. The current study was conducted on 13 argane genotypes including two pollinizers. The flowering period, bloom phenology, floral structure and fruit set of crossed genotypes were monitored, illustrated and a season phenogram was established. The pollen viability and germination were also evaluated. In order to test compatibility, the hand pollination using two selected pollinizer pollens was compared to open pollination. Then, the compatibility system was monitored and evaluated through analysis of crossing diallel programs and through the index of self-incompatibility. The flowering periods are genotype depending and one to three blooms have been observed during the two years study (2018-2019) and the argane tree is a tristylous species (Mesostylous, brevistylous and longistylous flowers). The in vitro tests showed that the pollen originated from crossed genotypes were viable and able to germinate. The cross-compatibility rate depends on cross associations and it varies from 39 to 84 %. In fact, this study showed that the effect of pollen-parent (xenia) occurs in all fruit components of argane tree. It was observed, for the first time, that both compatible pollinizers and xenic effects of pollen on argane fruit have occurred. Artificial pollination is currently feasible for breeding programs and the screening of elite genotypes. Then the selected pollinizer is quite required for the development of argane tree cropping.

scholarly journals Reduced Pollination Efficiency Compromises Some Physicochemical Qualities in Gac (Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng.) Fruit

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 190
Author(s):  
Xuan T. Tran ◽  
Sophie E. Parks ◽  
Minh H. Nguyen ◽  
Paul D. Roach
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Sex Expression ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Tube Length ◽  
Cool Storage ◽  
Hand Pollination ◽  
Momordica Cochinchinensis ◽  
Male Flowers

Gac is valued for the nutritious aril surrounding its seed. When pollinators are limited or when flower sex expression is female-biased, hand pollination is necessary. Here, female flowers were hand pollinated with male flowers or pollen stored for up to 84 days at 4 or −20 °C, and fruit set and some qualities of mature fruit were evaluated. Cool storage reduced pollen viability (germinability and pollen tube length) and compromised fruit set (10–87%) compared with fresh pollen (97%). Fruit weight was also reduced at least by 8%, and oil concentration in aril by 40%. However, the lycopene and β-carotene concentrations in aril were largely uncompromised, and some fruits were of a marketable weight (>1.2 kg) and quality. Cool storage is a low-cost method for the short-term storage of Gac pollen. However, methods for drying pollen to an inactive state need investigation for a storage protocol, and for improvements in fruit set and fruit physicochemical qualities using hand pollination.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Pollen Parameters, Fruit Set and Fruit Development During Attempts on Intergeneric Hybridization of Papaya (Carica papaya L.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 74-86
Author(s):  
R. Mohammed Aseef ◽  
K. Soorianathasundaram ◽  
P. Paramaguru ◽  
P. Muthulakshmi ◽  
A. John Joel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Intergeneric Hybridization ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Intergeneric Crosses ◽  
The University ◽  
Hybridization Programme

Research was conducted at the University Orchard, Horticultural College and Research Institute, to investigate the extent of pollen production, pollen fertility, fruit set, fruit growth and seed set as well as seedling vigour when two wild relatives of papaya (Vasconcellea cauliflora and Vasconcellea candamarcensis) are involved in the hybridization programme as male parents with three papaya cultivars (CO 7, TNAU Papaya CO 8 and Pusa Nanha) as female parents. Among the two wild relatives, V. candamarcensis was more polleniferous but with significantly lesser pollen viability and germination than V. cauliflora. Among the six intergeneric crosses, although the fruit set ranged from 60.00% to 93.33% the fruit retention till harvest was only 30.77 per cent to 35.71 per cent. The study also revealed metaxenic influence of wild parent on the growth of the fruits derived after crossing. Seed set was observed only with CO 7 as female parent but the seed size and weight, germination and seedling vigour recorded by intergeneric crosses of CO 7 with Vasconcellea were found to be low. The implications of the observations are discussed in relevance to employing the wild relatives for improvement of papaya.

METABOLIC STUDIES WITH 131I-LABELED THYROXINE. II.

1963 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Grinberg
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Tentative Explanation

ABSTRACT Radiologically thyroidectomized female Swiss mice were injected intraperitoneally with 131I-labeled thyroxine (T4*), and were studied at time intervals of 30 minutes and 4, 28, 48 and 72 hours after injection, 10 mice for each time interval. The organs of the central nervous system and the pituitary glands were chromatographed, and likewise serum from the same animal. The chromatographic studies revealed a compound with the same mobility as 131I-labeled triiodothyronine in the organs of the CNS and in the pituitary gland, but this compound was not present in the serum. In most of the chromatographic studies, the peaks for I, T4 and T3 coincided with those for the standards. In several instances, however, such an exact coincidence was lacking. A tentative explanation for the presence of T3* in the pituitary gland following the injection of T4* is a deiodinating system in the pituitary gland or else the capacity of the pituitary gland to concentrate T3* formed in other organs. The presence of T3* is apparently a characteristic of most of the CNS (brain, midbrain, medulla and spinal cord); but in the case of the optic nerve, the compound is not present under the conditions of this study.

scholarly journals Neural Network Approach for Global Solar Irradiance Prediction at Extremely Short-Time-Intervals Using Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1213
Author(s):  
Ahmed Aljanad ◽  
Nadia M. L. Tan ◽  
Vassilios G. Agelidis ◽  
Hussain Shareef
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Particle Swarm Optimization ◽  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Particle Swarm ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Swarm Optimization ◽  
Backpropagation Neural Networks ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Short Time

Hourly global solar irradiance (GSR) data are required for sizing, planning, and modeling of solar photovoltaic farms. However, operating and controlling such farms exposed to varying environmental conditions, such as fast passing clouds, necessitates GSR data to be available for very short time intervals. Classical backpropagation neural networks do not perform satisfactorily when predicting parameters within short intervals. This paper proposes a hybrid backpropagation neural networks based on particle swarm optimization. The particle swarm algorithm is used as an optimization algorithm within the backpropagation neural networks to optimize the number of hidden layers and neurons used and its learning rate. The proposed model can be used as a reliable model in predicting changes in the solar irradiance during short time interval in tropical regions such as Malaysia and other regions. Actual global solar irradiance data of 5-s and 1-min intervals, recorded by weather stations, are applied to train and test the proposed algorithm. Moreover, to ensure the adaptability and robustness of the proposed technique, two different cases are evaluated using 1-day and 3-days profiles, for two different time intervals of 1-min and 5-s each. A set of statistical error indices have been introduced to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm. From the results obtained, the 3-days profile’s performance evaluation of the BPNN-PSO are 1.7078 of RMSE, 0.7537 of MAE, 0.0292 of MSE, and 31.4348 of MAPE (%), at 5-s time interval, where the obtained results of 1-min interval are 0.6566 of RMSE, 0.2754 of MAE, 0.0043 of MSE, and 1.4732 of MAPE (%). The results revealed that proposed model outperformed the standalone backpropagation neural networks method in predicting global solar irradiance values for extremely short-time intervals. In addition to that, the proposed model exhibited high level of predictability compared to other existing models.

scholarly journals Male parent birds exert more effort to reproduce in two desert passerines

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Donghui Ma ◽  
Mengjie Lu ◽  
Zhichang Cheng ◽  
Xingnan Du ◽  
Xiaoyu Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
Male Parent ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Passerine Species ◽  
Arid Desert ◽  
Habitat Environment

Abstract Background Parental investment by birds is limited by the habitat environment, and a male parent increases its effort to reproduce in birds that live in high-altitude areas. Methods A study of the reproductive behaviour of the Saxaul Sparrow (Passer ammodendri) and the Isabelline Shrike (Lanius isabellinus) was carried out at the Gansu An’xi Extremely Arid Desert National Nature Reserve in northwest China to determine the reproductive input of passerine species in desert habitats. Results In Saxaul Sparrows, compared to the female parent, the male parent exhibited a significantly higher frequency of nest-defense behaviour (chirping and warning) during nesting, hatching and feeding periods. In addition, in comparison to the female parent, the male parent exhibited almost equal frequencies of nesting and incubation but fed nestlings significantly more times. Similar to the male sparrows, the feeding rates of the male Isabelline Shrikes were significantly higher than those of the females. The hatching rate and fledging rate of the Saxaul Sparrow on average in this study were 81.99 and 91.92%, respectively, while those of the shrike were 69.00 and 96.53%, respectively. Conclusions These two different passerine species living in the same desert environment exhibited the same trend in their reproductive investments. Adapting to desert environments is a strategy that may have evolved in passerines where male parent birds put more effort than females into reproduction to ensure high reproductive output.

Real-World Experience with Artificial Intelligence-Based Triage in Transferred Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke Patients

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Jacob R. Morey ◽  
Xiangnan Zhang ◽  
Kurt A. Yaeger ◽  
Emily Fiano ◽  
Naoum Fares Marayati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Large Vessel ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Large Vessel Occlusion ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Vessel Occlusion ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Stroke Center

<b><i>Background and Purpose:</i></b> Randomized controlled trials have demonstrated the importance of time to endovascular therapy (EVT) in clinical outcomes in large vessel occlusion (LVO) acute ischemic stroke. Delays to treatment are particularly prevalent when patients require a transfer from hospitals without EVT capability onsite. A computer-aided triage system, Viz LVO, has the potential to streamline workflows. This platform includes an image viewer, a communication system, and an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm that automatically identifies suspected LVO strokes on CTA imaging and rapidly triggers alerts. We hypothesize that the Viz application will decrease time-to-treatment, leading to improved clinical outcomes. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database was assessed for patients who presented to a stroke center currently utilizing Viz LVO and underwent EVT following transfer for LVO stroke between July 2018 and March 2020. Time intervals and clinical outcomes were compared for 55 patients divided into pre- and post-Viz cohorts. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The median initial door-to-neuroendovascular team (NT) notification time interval was significantly faster (25.0 min [IQR = 12.0] vs. 40.0 min [IQR = 61.0]; <i>p</i> = 0.01) with less variation (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05) following Viz LVO implementation. The median initial door-to-skin puncture time interval was 25 min shorter in the post-Viz cohort, although this was not statistically significant (<i>p</i> = 0.15). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Preliminary results have shown that Viz LVO implementation is associated with earlier, more consistent NT notification times. This application can serve as an early warning system and a failsafe to ensure that no LVO is left behind.

scholarly journals Optimal Perturbations of an Oceanic Vortex Lens

Fluids ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Meunier ◽  
Claire Ménesguen ◽  
Xavier Carton ◽  
Sylvie Le Gentil ◽  
Richard Schopp
Keyword(s):  
Normal Mode ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Horizontal Structure ◽  
Azimuthal Wave ◽  
Wave Numbers ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Short Time

The stability properties of a vortex lens are studied in the quasi geostrophic (QG) framework using the generalized stability theory. Optimal perturbations are obtained using a tangent linear QG model and its adjoint. Their fine-scale spatial structures are studied in details. Growth rates of optimal perturbations are shown to be extremely sensitive to the time interval of optimization: The most unstable perturbations are found for time intervals of about 3 days, while the growth rates continuously decrease towards the most unstable normal mode, which is reached after about 170 days. The horizontal structure of the optimal perturbations consists of an intense counter-shear spiralling. It is also extremely sensitive to time interval: for short time intervals, the optimal perturbations are made of a broad spectrum of high azimuthal wave numbers. As the time interval increases, only low azimuthal wave numbers are found. The vertical structures of optimal perturbations exhibit strong layering associated with high vertical wave numbers whatever the time interval. However, the latter parameter plays an important role in the width of the vertical spectrum of the perturbation: short time interval perturbations have a narrow vertical spectrum while long time interval perturbations show a broad range of vertical scales. Optimal perturbations were set as initial perturbations of the vortex lens in a fully non linear QG model. It appears that for short time intervals, the perturbations decay after an initial transient growth, while for longer time intervals, the optimal perturbation keeps on growing, quickly leading to a non-linear regime or exciting lower azimuthal modes, consistent with normal mode instability. Very long time intervals simply behave like the most unstable normal mode. The possible impact of optimal perturbations on layering is also discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of mechanical pressure-controlled ventilation in patients with disturbed respiratory function during laparoscopic cholecystectomy

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Maja Surbatovic ◽  
Zoran Vesic ◽  
Dragan Djordjevic ◽  
Sonja Radakovic ◽  
Snjezana Zeba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽  
Respiratory Function ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Controlled Ventilation ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Pressure Controlled Ventilation ◽  
Pressure Controlled

Background/Aim: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is considered to be the gold standard for laparoscopic surgical procedures. In ASA III patients with concomitant respiratory diseases, however, creation of pneumoperitoneum and the position of patients during surgery exert additional negative effect on intraoperative respiratory function, thus making a higher challenge for the anesthesiologist than for the surgeon. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) and pressure controlled ventilation (PCV) during general anesthesia on respiratory function in ASA III patients submitted to laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods. The study included 60 patients randomized into two groups depending on the mode of ventilation: IPPV or PCV. Respiratory volume (VT), peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), compliance (C), end-tidal CO2 pressure (PETCO2), oxygen saturation (SpO2), partial pressures of O2, CO2 (PaO2 and PaCO2) and pH of arterial blood were recorded within four time intervals. Results. There were no statistically significant differences in VT, SpO2, PaO2, PaCO2 and pH values neither within nor between the two groups. In time interval t1 there were no statistically significant differences in PIP, C, PETCO2 values between the IPPV and the PCV group. But, in the next three time intervals there was a difference in PIP, C, and PETCO2 values between the two groups which ranged from statistically significant to highly significant; PIP was lower, C and PETCO2 were higher in the PCV group. Conclusion. Pressure controlled ventilation better maintains stability regarding intraoperative ventilatory parameters in ASA III patients with concomitant respiratory diseases during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Abstract 13248: The Impact of Instructions for Covering the Mouth and the Nose on Dispatch-Assisted Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 144 (Suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidetada Fukushima ◽  
Hideki Asai ◽  
Koji Yamamoto ◽  
Yasuyuki Kawai
Keyword(s):  
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
Median Time ◽  
Chest Compression ◽  
Fire Department ◽  
Emergency Call ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Median Time Interval ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Under the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, rescuers are recommended to cover their mouth and nose with a facemask or a cloth as well as victim’s mouth and nose when performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). However, its impact on dispatch-assisted CPR (DACPR) has not been investigated well. Hypothesis: DACPR including the instruction for covering the rescuer’s and the victim’s mouth and nose can significantly delay the start of the first chest compression. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed DACPR records of the Nara Wide Area Fire Department, covering population of 853,000/3361km 2 , in Japan. We investigated the key time intervals of 505 DACPR records between May 2020 and March 2021. We also compared the results to that of the same period in 2019 (535 records). Results: Dispatchers failed to provide mask instruction in 322 cases (63.8%). The median time interval from the emergency call and the start of CPR instruction was longer in 2020 (197 seconds vs 190 seconds, p=0.641). The time to the first chest compression was also delayed in 2020 (264 seconds vs 246 seconds, p=0.015). Among the cases that dispatchers successfully provided mask instruction (183 cases, 36.2%), median time intervals to the start of instruction and the first chest compression were relatively faster than cases without mask instruction (177 seconds vs 211 seconds and 254 seconds vs 269.5 seconds, respectively). Conclusions: Dispatchers failed to provide mask instruction in the majority of CA cases. However, our study results indicate that the impact of mask instruction on DACPR can be minor in terms of immediate CPR provision.

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