scholarly journals The Question of Aristotle Heritage Assembling in the Old Russian Culture

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
Svetlana Vladimirovna Ageikina
Keyword(s):  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Russian History ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
Old Russian ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rational Type

The study contains an assessment of Aristotle’s philosophy influence on the Old Russian Culture. Analyzing the philosophical legacy of the Stagirite, the author examines that his achievements were assimilated by the Old Russian culture. The con-cepts of cause, purpose, syllogism were assimilated by the Old Russian thinking as a result of transla-tions of the Stagirite texts. Aristotle’s doctrine of four reasons met the worldview needs of the Old Russian man. This led to the spread of literacy, the development of science, the assimilation of the dis-cursive schemes of Aristotle's philosophy and their application in practice. The assimilation of Aristo-tle’s heritage opened up a new layer of cognitive capabilities, which resulted in the formation of a rational type of thinking in the Old Russian culture. The study of Aristotle’s legacy influence seems to be timely for the Russian history of philosophy, since it allows refuting the thesis about the back-wardness of Russian culture. The results of the study can be used in the history of philosophy, the history of Russian culture, and philosophical com-parative studies.

ON THE FIRST ARTICLE FROM THE RUSSIAN HISTORY OF MATHEMATICS

2020 ◽  
pp. 86-106
Author(s):  
Galina I. Sinkevich ◽  
◽  
Olga V. Solov'eva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
History Of Mathematics ◽  
Popular Science ◽  
Russian History ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
Old Russian ◽  
Russian State ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Sciences ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The article is a publication of the first Russian printed work on the Russian history of mathematics. It is dedicated to the ancient Russian numeral systems and was published anonymously in 1787 in the “New monthly works” of St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. The author tells about the Old Russian numeral system, Russian calendar and commercial account. In the popular science editions of the 18th century Imperial St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences there were many publications on the history of sciences, arts, crafts, the history of discoveries and inventions in other countries. At the same time, there was a clear lack of publications on the history of Russian culture. Russian scientists were dissatisfied with the interpretation of Russian history presented by the historiographer of the Russian state, an academician G. F. Müller, as well as with descriptions of Russia and its history by other foreign authors. In the Catherine’s time, many articles appeared, sometimes anonymous, defending the originality and ancientry of Russian culture. To analyze the data on the authorship of the work, the popular scientific editions of Academy in the 18th century and are described, information about their authors is presented, hypotheses are expressed, and the terminology of the article and the names mentioned in it are commented.

Russian Idea, the

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Walicki
Keyword(s):  
Russian History ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
The Third ◽  
Peter The Great ◽  
First Case ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
Vladimir Solov'ev ◽  
Russian Idea

‘The Russian Idea’ is a term used by Russian thinkers to define specific features of Russian culture, the spiritual make-up of the Russian nation, the meaning of Russian history and, as a rule (although not always), Russia’s unique mission in the universal history of humanity. The term was introduced for the first time in 1861 by Dostoevskii, for whom the essence of the Russian Idea was the ‘universal humanity’ (or ‘all-humanity’) of the Russian spirit. At the same time however, Dostoevskii linked the Russian Idea with Russian imperial messianism. Thus, the notion of the Russian Idea included from its beginning a characteristic tension between striving for universalism and nationalist self-assertion.. The first philosopher to devote a special separate work to the Russian Idea (l’Idée russe, Paris, 1888) was Vladimir Solov’ëv, for whom the national idea was ‘not what a given nation thinks about itself in time, but what God thinks about it in eternity’. He was influenced by Dostoevskii but, challenging Russian nationalists, put much greater emphasis on universalism, stressing that the peculiar greatness of the Russians consisted in their capacity for ‘self-renunciation’. The first case of this self-renunciation was the so-called ‘calling of the Varangians’, that is, the voluntary acceptance of foreign rule; the second was the reforms of Peter the Great: rejection of native traditions for the sake of universal progress. Now the Russian nation should commit itself to the third, most important act of self-renunciation: to submit itself to the authority of the pope, restoring thereby the unity of the Universal Church and bringing about the reconciliation between East and West. But this act of humility was seen by Solov’ëv as a precondition from the fulfilment of Russia’s great mission of creating the universal, freely theocratic Christian Empire. Solov’ëv invoked in this connection the monk Philotheus’ idea of ‘Moscow as the Third Rome’ but reversed its meaning by putting emphasis on symbolic Rome, that is, not on national isolationism and keeping intact the purity of the Orthodox faith, but on ecumenical universalism and the messianic task of the Christian transformation of the world. Owing to Solov’ëv, the term ‘Russian Idea’ came to be applied retrospectively, as a designation of a set of problems characteristic for Russian philosophical discussions about the essence of ‘Russianness’. Most historians agree that these problems were formulated under the reign of Nicholas I and that the first thinker who posed them forcefully was Pëtr Chaadaev.

The soul of Russian culture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeniy Kazakov
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Spiritual Life ◽  
Russian History ◽  
Silver Age ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
Modern Russian

The monograph is devoted to the study of one of the "eternal" philosophical problems: the soul as a metaphysical essence of Russian culture, its structure, functioning and genesis. Special emphasis is placed on the analysis of the turning point for the modern Russian history of the Silver Age, which set the direction of events up to the present time. The study is the result of many years of work by the author, which is reflected in the books "The Genesis of spiritual life", "Soul: the metaphysics of self-determination", "Homo nudes", "The Heartbreaker". It is addressed to teachers, graduate students, students and anyone interested in the metaphysics of the existence of Russian culture.

STUDYING UKRAINIAN HISTORY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF ST. VOLODYMIR

2019 ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Nataliia Sokolova
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Gold Medal ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Russian History ◽  
Old Russian ◽  
Historical Monuments ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University

The process of teaching Ukrainian history at the University of St. Volodymyr during the nineteenth and first half of the twentieth century. The methodological basis of the publication was the historical and dialectical methods of research. It was found that during the 19h century at the University of St. Volodymyr's Ukrainian history was taught in the context of Russian history. And only at the beginning of the 20th century the teaching staff and students made an attempt to organize the work of the Department of History of Ukraine, which proved to be unsuccessful. It was established that in the Nykolay era only Russian history was taught, based on the imperial ideals of the existence of a single Russian people, whose ethnic minorities were Ukrainians and Belarusians. Teaching was conducted at a low professional level. The situation changed dramatically with the advent of V. Antonovich's Department of Russian History, who not only studied Ukrainian history independently, but also offered her to explore her students. So, in the second half of the nineteenth century future well-known Ukrainian historians M. Dashkevich, P. Golubovsky, V. Danilevich, M. Hrushevsky written a series of works devoted to the history of some ancient Russian principalities. These students received gold medal awards for their studies. Their hypotheses have not lost their relevance in our time. Under the guidance of V. Ikonnikov, Kyiv students began to actively explore certain historical monuments from the Ukrainian past. At the beginning of the 20th century teachers V. Danilevich and P. Golubovsky developed separate courses on the history of Ukraine. Іt is proved that in the student's works (abstracts, coursework, semicircular) the Russian history is mainly covered. Ukrainian issues are limited to the Old Russian period. Most of these works are of a compilative nature and written in the context of Russian historiography. Only after the revolutionary events of 1917 the former students of the University of St. Volodymyr, well-known domestic scientists will focus on studying the problems of Ukrainian history, putting forward new hypotheses and recognizing Ukrainians as separate peoples.

scholarly journals The Popularity of F. M. Dostoyevsky’s Prose in China and the Challenges of its Translation into Chinese (exemplified by his novel “Humiliated and Insulted”) Part 1

2021 ◽  
pp. 87-98
Author(s):  
В. Цзиньлин
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Current Issue ◽  
Background Knowledge ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Russian History ◽  
Prose Fiction ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
Study Materials ◽  
History Of

В статье обобщается история переводов и популяризации творчества Ф. М. Достоевского в Китае, выявляются трудности перевода его произведений на китайский язык на примере романа «Униженные и оскорбленные» в переводе Ло Цзыляна. Восприятие и понимание художественного текста предполагает расшифровку авторского смысла, индивидуального авторского кода. Задача перевода состоит в максимально полном обеспечении полноценной коммуникативной замены оригинала и отождествлении с ним в содержательном, мыслительном, психологическом, эмоционально-оценочном и межкультурно-коммуникативном отношении. Самые большие трудности при переводе произведений Достоевского на китайский язык связаны с эмоционально-экспрессивными компонентами и культурно-фоновыми знаниями, которые имплицитно содержатся в языковых единицах. Чтобы справиться с упомянутыми трудностями, переводчик обязан в первую очередь достигнуть полного понимания авторского замысла, учитывая каждый культурно-эмоциональный компонент и имплицитный смысл каждой художественной детали. Полное понимание произведений Достоевского и их адекватный перевод на любой иностранный язык требует более тщательной работы над материалами по истории России середины ХХ века, связанными с жизнью и творчеством писателя, с фоновыми культурными знаками той эпохи, что позволяет выбрать способ перевода с помощью компенсации, комментирования, трансформации, синонимических замен, эмоционально-экспрессивных эквивалентов, стилистических преобразований и других тактик для осуществления эстетически эквивалентного художественного перевода. В первой части статьи трудности перевода рассматриваются на материале некоторых лексических трудностей: иностранных вкраплений и модальных фразеологизмов. Во второй части предполагается сопоставить оригинал и перевод на синтаксическом, стилистическом и культурологическом уровнях. The paper reviews the century-long history of translating and publishing the works of Dostoyevsky in China. It also examines the challenges of translating Dostoyevsky with examples drawn from his novel “Humiliated and Insulted”, which was translated by Luo Jiliang, a well-known translator of prose fiction. Profound comprehension of a literary work presupposes deciphering of the author’s message, his individual code. And its adequate translation consists in rendering all the meaningful elements of the code, so that the substitutions in the receptor language, inescapable as they are, re-create the original on the levels of content, philosophy, psychology, emotions and judgments, as well as the intercultural-communicative aspect. Comparative analysis shows that the greatest challenges of translating Dostoyevsky are those related to the emotive-expressive components and to background knowledge of Russian culture of the time, implicitly suggested by the language units. Thence the importance of examining every shade of emotion and the minutest culture-bound details. A translator of Dostoyevsky is to study materials on Russian history of the period connected with the life and works of the writer, with cultural landmarks of the time, so as to make a well-grounded translation decision, choosing among comment, compensation, transformation, substitution and other techniques ensuring adequate translation. In the first part of our analysis, presented in the current issue, we only dwell on some lexical challenges (foreignisms and modal phrases), to be followed by comparative analysis on the syntactical, stylistic and cultural levels.

scholarly journals CONCEPTS OF “POSSIBLE” AND “NECESSARY” IN H. CRESCAS' SECOND BOOK OF “LIGHT OF THE LORD”

2020 ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
VALERIYA V. SLEPTSOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Free Will ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Philosophy Of Religion ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Russian Philosophy ◽  
Russian History ◽  
Divine Omniscience ◽  
Main Work ◽  
History Of

This paper analyzes the concepts of “possible” and “necessary” in the philosophy of the medieval Jewish-Catalan philosopher and theologian Hasdai Crescas. The main work of Crescas is named “Light of the Lord” (“Or-ha-Shem”). It is still not translated into Russian. The ideas of Crescas are not spread widely in the Russian philosophy of religion and in the Russian history of philosophy. Meanwhile, Crescas is one of the most original Jewish thinkers of the Middle Ages, who proposed, in particular, his own concept of combining divine omniscience and human free will. He developed this concept in the fifth section of the second book of “Or-a-Shem”. It is obvious, that this concept cannot be understood without a detailed analysis of Crescas’ understanding of the categories of “possible” and “necessary”. As a result of the analysis, it is concluded that within the framework of the concept proposed by Crescas both categories are coexisting. Crescas demonstrated this proposition by both philosophical and exegetical arguments...

scholarly journals GENESIS OF OLD RUSSIAN STATEHOOD AND THE PROCESS OF FORMATION OF THE PROPERTY INSTITUTION IN MEDIEVAL RUSSIA OF THE X-XIV CENTURIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 894-907
Author(s):  
V.A. Chirkin
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Psychological Factor ◽  
Broad Sense ◽  
Russian History ◽  
Old Russian ◽  
Mass Consciousness ◽  
Russian State ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Middle Ages

Russian state and property formation and development in the middle ages in a narrow and broad sense, that is, in the economic, social and political sense, which creates a peculiarity in the development of this institution in the Russian history of state and law, influencing the views of representatives of the theory of state and law in Russia. It is noted that with a certain combination of factors and circumstances, the institution of property can and does flow or even covers the content of the concept of power, power “political”. The article is an attempt to understand the concept of “patrimony” in Russian historiography and related institutions, including the socio-psychological factor or mass consciousness.

History of Russia: Challenges of the era of the Rurik

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Михаил Жеребкин ◽  
Mihail Zherebkin
Keyword(s):  
Training Manual ◽  
Russian History ◽  
Old Russian ◽  
Xvii Century ◽  
Russian State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Time Of Troubles ◽  
The Moment ◽  
In The Beginning

A training manual «History of Russia. Challenges of the Rurikovich’s epoch» covers a period of Russian history from the moment of the genesis and development of the Old Russian State in Novgorod and Kiev in the second half of the IX century till the ending of the ‘Time of troubles’ and the election of the first tsar of the new Romanov’s dynasty of tsar in the beginning of the XVII century. The analysis of the events of the reign of the Rurikovich’s dynasty princes is represented through the prism of challenges, the country is faced with. The content of the manual is consisted of five chapters. Five historic challenges, which the author highlights, are the depletion of Kievan Rus’ and the emergence of Verhnevolozhskaya Rus’, Mongol and Tatar invasion, the tide of west powers, the reunification of Russian lands around Moscow and Distemper

scholarly journals The Origin of the Term “the Paganism of the Eastern Slavs” in the Russian Scientific Literature: the “Pagan Past” and Historical Memory

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-20
Author(s):  
Alexander A. Lushnikov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Russian Translation ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Russian History ◽  
Great Work ◽  
Old Russian ◽  
Russian Scientific ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Church

The article deals with the genesis of the definition “the paganism of the Eastern Slavs” in the works of Russian historians in the 18th–19th centuries. The author determines the sources of that terminology and considers its methodological and ideological sense. He compares the definitions of Old Russian antipagan texts and first Russian scientific works on history and mythology. The medieval literature contained a lot of concepts, but one can’t find their any mention about “paganism” as phenomenon as well as the word “paganism”. Old Russian authors mostly wrote about “pagan people” as social and religious group and gave them the concrete features depending of the context. The awareness with “paganism” as a phenomenon should relate to the scientific works on history and mythology. This definition firstly appeared in the lexicons of E. Veisman and I.K. Adelung with their Russian translation of the Latin “gentile” and German “heidentum”. Also one can find it in the “Russian history” of V.N. Tatishchev who used “Cimbrische Heyden Religion” written by Arnkiel Trogilliusas as one of the important source. However, it took a while to make this definition to become central in the scientific literature. At the beginning of the 19th century, a lot of authors preferred to use the word “basnoslovie”. The definition “paganism” became fundamental with the issue of the great work N.M. Karamsin after all. Such history of this word reveals not only its complexity and ambiguity but the argumentativeness of the traditional view of “paganism” as a product of the church literature only.

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