Measuring the Polymerization Degree of Polymer Materials Used in the High-Voltage Equipment Insulation System

Vestnik MEI ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 54-61
Author(s):  
Valentin A. Chernyshev ◽  
◽  
Elena {V. Zenova ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Petermann ◽  
G. Broza ◽  
U. Rieck ◽  
A. Jaballah ◽  
A. Kawaguchi

Oriented overgrowth of polymer materials onto ionic crystals is well known and recently it was demonstrated that this epitaxial crystallisation can also occur in polymer/polymer systems, under certain conditions. The morphologies and the resulting physical properties of such systems will be presented, especially the influence of epitaxial interfaces on the adhesion of polymer laminates and the mechanical properties of epitaxially crystallized sandwiched layers.Materials used were polyethylene, PE, Lupolen 6021 DX (HDPE) and 1810 D (LDPE) from BASF AG; polypropylene, PP, (PPN) provided by Höchst AG and polybutene-1, PB-1, Vestolen BT from Chemische Werke Hüls. Thin oriented films were prepared according to the method of Petermann and Gohil, by winding up two different polymer films from two separately heated glass-plates simultaneously with the help of a motor driven cylinder. One double layer was used for TEM investigations, while about 1000 sandwiched layers were taken for mechanical tests.


2011 ◽  
Vol 189-193 ◽  
pp. 4356-4360 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.G. Domek

The work treats about problem of designing of gear with timing belt depending on expected character of exploitation. The work presents constructional features of transmission timing belts depending on materials used for their production. Design of composites and usage of new polymer materials allows for improvement of constructional properties of belts.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adi Prastyo Utomo ◽  
Prantasi Harmi Tjahjanti

There is not much plastic welding currently done and not much research has been done on plastic welding. The purpose of this study was to study the use of welding variations used to join the thermoset polymer material. The thermoset polymer materials used are acrylic, melamine and bakelit with the test sample measuring 80mm in length, 30mm in width and 3mm in thickness. Variations in welding are used using hot gas welding, electric soldering and gas torches. The test method is carried out after welding to determine the porosity of the weld using a penetrant liquid. Hardness testing was also carried out. The best welding results are shown on acrylic material using electric solder, showing that the amount of porosity is the least, and has the highest hardness test.


2021 ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
Ольга Владимировна Бессараб ◽  
Наталья Евгеньевна Посокина

Рассмотрены основные виды реторт-упаковки, полимерные и комбинированные материалы, применяемые для ее изготовления. С учетом области применения такой упаковки к ней применяются определенные требования: устойчивость к стерилизации при температуре не ниже 120 °С, паро- и влагонепроницаемость, химическая инертность к консервируемым продуктам, герметичность, низкая газопроницаемость. Для придания реторт-упаковке требуемых свойств ее изготавливают из многослойных полимерных или комбинированных материалов, каждый из слоев которого выполняет определенные функции. В качестве внешних слоев чаще всего используют полипропилен или полиэтилентерефталат, так как эти полимерные материалы термически и химически устойчивы, паро- и влагонепроницаемы. В качестве серединного слоя используют материалы, являющиеся барьерами для газов - алюминиевую фольгу, металлизированные пленки, этиленвиниловый спирт, полиамид. Для изготовления таких материалов и упаковки применяют соэкструзию полимеров, многослойное литье под давлением или ламинирование. Благодаря барьерным свойствам полимерных и комбинированных материалов по отношению к кислороду реторт-упаковка обеспечивает сроки годности консервированной продукции до 5 лет. Это сравнимо с консервами в традиционной упаковке, что позволяет рассматривать реторт-упаковку из полимерных и комбинированных материалов в качестве альтернативы стеклянной и металлической упаковке. В розничной продаже консервы в реторт-упаковке из полимерных и комбинированных материалов представлены в основном мясными паштетами, пюреобразными консервами для детского питания, соусами и кетчупами, а также влажными кормами для животных. В реторт-упаковке также выпускают тушеное мясо, первые и вторые обеденные блюда, консервированный сыр, некоторые виды фруктовых и овощных консервов, но это в основном продукция для спецконтингента (например, военнослужащие, космонавты). This article describes the main types of retortable package, polymer and combined materials used for its. Taking into account the application of such package, certain requirements apply to it: resistance to sterilization at a temperature of not less than 120 °C, vapor and moisture resistance, chemical inertia to canned products, leakproofness, low gas permeability. To give the retort packaging the required properties, it is made of multilayer polymer or combined materials, each of the layers of which performs certain functions. As the outer layers, polypropylene or polyethylene terephthalate is most often used, since these polymer materials are thermally and chemically stable, vapor and moisture-proof. As the middle layer, materials that are barriers to gases are used aluminum foil, metallized films, ethylene vinyl alcohol, polyamide. For the manufacture of such materials and package, polymer co-extrusion, multi-layer injection molding or lamination are used. Due to the barrier properties of polymer and combine materials in relation to oxygen, retortable packaging provides shelf life of canned products up to 3 years. This is comparable to canned food in traditional package, which allows us to consider retortable package made of polymer and combined materials as an alternative to glass and metal packaging. In retail sales, canned food in retortable package made of polymer and combined materials is mainly represented by meat pates, canned puree for baby food, sauces and ketchups, as well as wet animal feed. The retortable packaging also produces stewed meat, dinner dishes, canned cheese, some types of fruit and vegetable canned food, but these are mainly products for special contractors (for example, military personnel, astronauts).


2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (12) ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
A. G. Timofeeva ◽  

The article describes problems of the relevance of the use of automobile construction details of the secondary polymer materials. Methods for modifying polymer materials, types of modifiers and their application in the manufacture of mechanical engineering products are considered.


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