A method of measuring transmittance of radiation from the film of ice 0 in the IR wave band deposited on a dielectric plate

A method of measuring transmittance of radiation from the film of ice 0 in the infrared wave band is described. Ice 0 is formed from supercooled water at the temperature below –23°C. This ice is ferroelectric and forms a highly conductive layer of the nanometric order of thickness at the boundary with dielectric. The complexity of the experiment consisted in the necessity of using low intensities of the probing signal and considering radiation of the cooled parts of the installation. In order to obtain a thin film of ice, the method of depositing water vapor on a substrate cooled in nitrogen was used. The method rules out formation of condensate in cooling. Deposition of water vapor is possible only in heating, when delivery of cold nitrogen vapor into the chamber with the sample is excluded. To ensure exposure of the film to IR radiation, two sources of infrared radiation were considered: a halogen lamp with a broad radiation spectrum (on the surface of heated glass) and a CO2 laser with the radiation wavelength of 10.6 µm. In the first case, spectral measurements are possible when filters are used. In the installation based on a CO2 laser, an intense signal is emitted, requiring consideration of sample heating. Components of the installation have been elaborated and investigated, on which transmittance of radiation from the film of ice 0 is planned to be measured.

Responses of Peppermint and Spearmint Crops to Excessive Biostimulant Application and Increased Salinity in a Closed Soilless Production System

A floating system was established in a heated glass greenhouse in order to investigate whether the effect of amino acids (0.25 or 0.50% of a commercial amino acid (AA) solution Amino16®) during peppermint and spearmint production on plant developmental and nutritional status may be in part attributed to salinity induced osmotic stress. For this reason, in some nutrient solutions, three levels of salinity were induced by adding 0, 10, or 20 mM NaCl. According to the results, it can be concluded that spearmint is mostly favored by the highest amino acid supplement of the nutrient solution (0.50%) in terms of a substantial improvement of the antioxidant nutritional quality (by up to 130%) at the expense of a reduced biomass production (by <30%). Enzymic antioxidant defense mechanism (APX and POD) was efficiently activated, preventing severe lipid peroxidation and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species such as H2O2 and maintaining the proline content at the normal levels. The osmotic stress that was induced by the excessive AA concentration and confirmed by the chlorophyl fluorescence variations was probably related to NH4+ excess supply in the growing media and was not associated with the elevated electrical conductivity in the solution. The absence of any adverse stressful consequences upon the addition of 20 mM NaCl may be attributed to the high salt tolerance of peppermint and spearmint species.

The Results of Belyjemchug microseries fertilizers for eggplant (Solanium Melongena.L) in the glass greenhouse

This study was conducted to test the effect of growing time, yield and quality on the Belyjemchug series of micro-fertilizers applied to the eggplant in the greenhouse. The study compared the growing stages of the Belyjemchug series fertilized varieties, which were sowed of seed eggplant in a heated glass greenhouse on March 20, and the 70-day-old seedlings were transplanted in a glass greenhouse on May 19. The result of our research shown that yields can be harvested within 169 days after germination of four varieties, and within 100-110 days after transplantation. The height of the main stem of the eggplant variants was 75.4 cm at the beginning of the harvest, 72.9 cm at the beginning of flowering time, and 72.1 cm at the beginning of the harvest, which was 0.5-3.8 cm higher than the control variety. The average yield of eggplant varieties in greenhouse was per 1 m2 area was 6.4 kg, which is 0.52-1.8 kg higher than the control. Шилэн хүлэмжинд ургуулсан цэсэнд (Solanum Melongena.L) “Белый жемчуг” цуврал бордоог туршсан дүн Шилэн хүлэмжинд ургуулсан цэсийг Белыйжемчуг цуврал бордоогоор бордоход ургалтын хугацаа ба ургацын гарц, чанар нөлөөлөх үр дүнг судлах зорилгоор энэхүү судалгааны ажлыг явуулсан. Судалгааны үр дүнгээр Белый жемчуг цуврал бордоогоор бордсон хувилбаруудын өсөлт хөгжлийн үе шатуудыг авч үзэхэд III сарын 20-нд үрийг тариад 70 хоногийн настай үрслэгийг V сарын 19-нд шилэн хүлэмжинд шилжүүлэн суулгасан. Цэсийн үр жимсний ургацыг IX сарын 15-нд эцсийн хураахад 169 хоногт ургалтын хугацаа гүйцэв. Цэсийн хувилбаруудын гол ишний өндрөөр Белыйжемчуг (Желтый) ургац ид хураах үед 75.4 см, Белыйжемчуг (Антифриз) цэцэглэлт эхэнд 72.9 см, Белыйжемчуг (Термощит) цэцэглэлтийн ид үед хэрэглэхэд 72.1 см байсан нь хяналт хувилбараас 0.5-3.8 см-аар өндөр байсан байна. Цэсийн хувилбаруудын 1м2 талбайгаас тооцсон үр жимсний дундаж ургацаар Белыйжемчуг (Желтый) жимслэлтийн эхэнд хэрэглэхэд 6.36 кг, Белыйжемчуг (Термощит) цэцэглэлтийн ид үед хэрэглэхэд 6.12 кг, Белыйжемчуг (Универсальный) жимслэлт эхэнд 5.12 кг байсан нь хяналтаас 0.52-1.76 кг-аар ахиу ургацтай байсан. Түлхүүр үг: цэс, белый жемчуг, ургалтын хугацаа, ургац

Analytical methods for the determination of Cr6+ from fixed source emissions

This study aimed to develop two analytical methods for the determination of Cr6+ from fixed source emissions, such as the molecular absorption spectrophotometric method (UV-VIS) and the graphite furnace atomization absorption spectrometry method (GTAAS). The first stage in the development of analytical methods involves establishing the optimal operating conditions for, taking air samples, treating them for analysis, and the proceeding for analysis, followed by validating the method by determining performance parameters. For both methods is highly recommended, the use of isokinetic sampling with a sampling probe by the heated glass, quartz, or PTFE. The limit of detection and the limit of quantification were concluded to be 12.38µg/m3 and 40µg/m3, respectively for the UV-VIS method and the GTAAS method 0.12 µg/m3 and 0.54 µg/m3 respectively.

Theoretical and experimental Investigation of Structural, electronic and optical properties of neodymium doped ZnO

The morphological and cathodoluminescent properties of Nd doped zinc oxide thin films deposited by reactive chemical pulverization spray pyrolysis technique on heated glass substrates at 450 °C are being reported. The films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and cathodoluminescent (CL) spectroscopy. We have also used the Generalised Gradient Approximation (GGA)-the Self Interaction Corrected (SIC) to determine Electronic structure and x ray absorption.

Study and Prepared of CuS Thin Films by Ultrasonic Nebulizer Method

Thin Film of copper sulfide with different thickness (100, 200 and 300) nm have been prepared on pre-heated glass substrates up to (330oC) by Ultrasonic Nebulizer Deposition (UND). The effect of thickness on the structural, optical, and electrical properties of films has been investigated. The results of the XRD show that the film which deposited with thickness CuS phase with (103) orientation. Atomic force measurement showed the grain size increase with thickness in the range of (76.91-101.32 nm). The optical properties of the films have been studied over a wavelength (370-1100)nm. The calculated optical energy band gap values were between 2.55 and 2.62eV, depending on the film thickness and in which phase crystallized. The effect of thickness on the electric properties the films have a positive Hall coefficient (p-type), the hall effect increases as thickness increase this due to inversely depend RH on carrier concentration.

Substrate Temperature Effect on Structural and Optical Properties of ZnO Thin Films Deposited by Spray Pyrolysis

In this work, ZnO thin films grown on heated glass substrates in a temperature range of 300 to 500 °C with a 50°C step. The prepared solution is composed of methanol and zinc acetate Zn(CH3COO)2.2H2O. ZnO thin films are deposited by pyrolysis spray technique, our work focuses on the study of the substrate temperature influence on the structural and optical properties of these layers. Therefore, The X-ray diffraction, showed a Wurtzit hexagonal structure of elaborated films, with (002) as a preferred orientation, and a grain size of 64 to 74 nm. The optical transmission spectroscopy UV-Visible, illustrated an increase of optical band gap from 3.19 to 3.25 eV, proportionally with the substrate temperature.