Essential Oils from the Leaves of Ocimum Basilicum L., Persicaria Odorata and Coriandrum Sativum L. In Malaysia: Antiurolithic Activity Study Based On Calcium Oxalate Crystallisation

Calcium oxalate is one of the most common components in urolithiasis. Its treatment includes the use of synthetic drugs, ultrasound and surgery. However, cheaper alternative treatment using herbal medicine with less adverse side effect is preferred. Essential oils from Thai basil (Ocimum bacilicum L.), Vietnamese coriander (Persicaria odorata) and Chinese parsley (Coriandum sativum L.) were extracted and investigated for antiurolithic activity based on calcium oxalate crystallisation. Most of the crystals formed in control sample were hexagonal calcium oxalate monohydrate with sizes ranging between 3 to 4 m. The size of the crystals was found to be slightly reduced in O. bacilicum oil (2-4 m) at high concentration with less aggregation of crystals. Samples with P. odorata oil gave smaller crystal size (3 m) mainly in dehydrate form and the oil was also found to inhibit the aggregation of the crystals at high concentration. C. sativum oil enhanced crystallisation (5-6 m) with increased concentration and showed high aggregation of the crystals. This preliminary study shows the therapeutic potential of these medicinal plants to be used in traditional anti-urolithic therapy.

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Calcium Oxalate Cuticular Crystals in the Epidermis of Dracaena—A Taxonomic Feature of the Genus

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.33.3.537c ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 537c-537

Author(s):

Svoboda V. Pennisi ◽

Dennis B. McConnell

Keyword(s):

Calcium Oxalate ◽

Crystal Size ◽

Polarized Light ◽

Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate ◽

Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽

Third Order ◽

Crystal Axis ◽

Taxonomic Feature ◽

Taxonomic Trait ◽

Outer Primary

The genus Dracaena has been placed in Agavaceae by most taxonomists. Recent work, however, has justified the placement in a separate family, Dracaenaceae. This study was initiated to examine the extracellular crystalline deposits in Dracaena and the possibility of this feature as a taxonomic trait of the genus. Fresh epidermal peels of five Dracaena species were observed under polarized light. Extracellular epidermal crystals were evident in all of them. The deposits were found between the cuticle and the outer primary epidermal cell wall. The crystal size varied from less than 1 μm to 5 μm along the long crystal axis. The size and quantity of the deposits varied between the species with largest and most numerous crystals in the cuticle of D. marginata and D. sanderiana. Dracaena deremensis, D. fragrans, and D. surculosa had smaller and less numerous crystals. The optical properties of the crystals were indicative of calcium oxalate monohydrate form which exhibited interference colors of second and third order. For comparison species of three members of Agavaceae were examined -Cordyline terminalis, Sansevieria trifasciata, and Yucca sp. No extracellular crystal deposits in the proximity of the epidermal wall were detected. Based on our observations, the genus Dracaena possessed an anatomical feature which could be used for identification. The existence of calcium oxalate crystals embedded in the cuticle was readily observable in fresh epidermal peels under polarized light.

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Adsorption of dextran and dextran sulfate on precipitated calcium oxalate monohydrate

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science ◽

10.1016/s0021-9797(84)80054-5 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 98 (1) ◽

pp. 373-384 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

V HLADY

Keyword(s):

Calcium Oxalate ◽

Dextran Sulfate ◽

Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate

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Therapeutic Potential of Citronella Essential Oil: A Review

Current Drug Discovery Technologies ◽

10.2174/1570163815666180718095041 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 330-339 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Ruchi Sharma ◽

Rekha Rao ◽

Sunil Kumar ◽

Sheefali Mahant ◽

Sarita Khatkar

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Environmental Protection Agency ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Toxic Encephalopathy ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Insect Repellents ◽

Citronella Oil ◽

Medicinal Value

Mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria, filariasis, chikunguniya, yellow fever, dengue and Japanese encephalitis are the major cause of remarkable morbidity and mortality in livestock and humans worldwide. Since ancient times, aromatic plants are used for their medicinal value. Essential oils derived from these plants may be used as effective alternatives/adjuvants in pharmaceuticals, biomedical, cosmetic, food, veterinary and agriculture applications. These oils have also gained popularity and interest for prevention and treatment of various disorders. However, several reports on adverse effects including skin eruption, contact artricaria or toxic encephalopathy in children are available for synthetic repellent in the literature. Thus, natural insect repellents like essential oils have been explored recently as an alternative. One such essential oil studied widely, is citronella oil, extracted mainly from Cymbopogon nardus. This essential oil has exhibited good efficacy against mosquitoes. It is a mixture of components including citronellal, citronellol, geraniol as major constituents contributing to various activities (antimicrobial, anthelmintic, antioxidant, anticonvulsant antitrypanosomal and wound healing), besides mosquito repellent action. Citronella essential oil is registered in US EPA (Environmental protection agency) as insect repellent due to its high efficacy, low toxicity and customer satisfaction. However, poor stability in the presence of air and high temperature limits its practical applications. Since specific knowledge on properties and chemical composition of oil is fundamental for its effective application, the present review compiles and discusses biological properties of citronella oil. It also sheds light on various formulations and applications of this essential oil.

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The use of aromatic plants and their therapeutic potential as antiviral agents: A hope for finding anti-COVID 19 essential oils

Journal of Essential Oil Research ◽

10.1080/10412905.2021.1886187 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 105-113

Author(s):

Mohamed A. Salem ◽

Shahira M. Ezzat

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Antiviral Agents ◽

Aromatic Plants

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Can stone composition be predicted by plain X-ray and/or non-contrast CT? A study validated by X-ray diffraction analysis

African Journal of Urology ◽

10.1186/s12301-020-00080-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mohamed Gadelmoula ◽

Ahmed M. Moeen ◽

Ahmed Elderwy ◽

Mohamed S. Abdel-Kader ◽

Ayman Elqady ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Calcium Oxalate ◽

Diffraction Analysis ◽

Great Influence ◽

Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Stone Analysis ◽

Stone Composition ◽

Cutoff Value ◽

X Ray ◽

Contrast Ct

Abstract Background The stone composition has a great influence on the outcome of its treatment. There are several tests to predict the composition of stones preoperatively and stone analysis postoperatively. Herein, we want to evaluate if the stone composition could be predicted from plain X-ray KUB (PKUB) and/or non-contrast CT (NCCT) validated by in vitro X-ray powder diffraction analysis (XRD). Methods Between April 2014 and March 2016, 100 cases with urinary tract stones were included in the study. The radio-opacity of the stones in PKUB, stone density by NCCT, and after stone extraction, XRD were performed. Statistical analysis for the results was performed using Chi-square and Fisher exact tests for categorical variables and Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis H for the nonparametric variables. The receiver operating characteristic curve was constructed to determine the best cutoff value. Results This study included 74 males and 26 females with a median age of 32 years (range 2–70). Regarding the radio-opacity by PKUB, there were 30 stones dense opaque, 44 opaque, 21 faint opaque, and 5 radiolucent. XRD revealed 97 mixed and 3 pure stones. The calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) stone composition could be predicted in dense opaque stone by PKUB in 75.9% and urate composition in the radiolucent stone by 40%. The cutoff value of HU density by NCCT to the dense opaque stones in the PKUB was > 1020 and for radiolucent stones was < 590. Conclusion Stone radio-opacity by PKUB and its attenuation value by NCCT could successfully predict its calcium oxalate monohydrate, struvite, and urate composition. However, the chemical stone analysis is still required as most stones are mixed.

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Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Effect of Plant Essential Oils and Sambucus nigra Extract in Salmon Burgers

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10040776 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 776

Author(s):

Kristina Jonušaite ◽

Petras Rimantas Venskutonis ◽

Gines Benito Martínez-Hernández ◽

Amaury Taboada-Rodríguez ◽

Gema Nieto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Control Sample ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid ◽

Antimicrobial Effect ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Sambucus Nigra ◽

Plant Essential Oils ◽

Microbial Counts

The antioxidant capacity of oregano (OEO) and clove (CLEO) essential oils and black elderberry (Sambucus nigra) flower extract (SNE) were compared with butylhydroxytoluene (BHT) regarding its protection against lipid peroxidation and microbial counts in salmon burgers stored at 4 °C for 14 days and after cooking. The content of total phenols was 5.74% in OEO, 2.64% in CLEO and 2.67 % in the SNE. The total phenolic content and the antioxidant capacity were significantly higher (p < 0.05) for SNE and OEO. Both essential oils showed a similar IC50 and inhibition percentage of lipid peroxidation to BHT. The combination of OEO and SNE reduced 29% of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), while BHT reduced 31% of TBARS generated during refrigeration storage in salmon burgers in relation to the control sample without antioxidants. Additionally, the microbial counts after 14 days of refrigeration were the lowest in burgers when the combination of OEO and SNE was used. This study concludes that OEO and SNE can be used as inhibitors of lipid oxidation in salmon products and as natural candidates to replace commonly used synthetic antioxidants and antimicrobials in these food products.

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A preliminary study investigating the effect of the application of some essential oils on the in vitro proliferation of

International Journal of Aromatherapy ◽

10.1016/j.ijat.2004.06.001 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 129-135 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A YARDLEY

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

In Vitro Proliferation ◽

Preliminary Study

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Chemistry and Biology of Essential Oils of GenusBoswellia

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2013/140509 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Hidayat Hussain ◽

Ahmed Al-Harrasi ◽

Ahmed Al-Rawahi ◽

Javid Hussain

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Quantitative Composition ◽

Volatile Constituents ◽

Traditional Medicines ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

Synthetic Drugs ◽

Explicit Consideration

The properties ofBoswelliaplants have been exploited for millennia in the traditional medicines of Africa, China, and especially in the Indian Ayurveda. In Western countries, the advent of synthetic drugs has obscured the pharmaceutical use ofBoswellia, until it was reported that an ethanolic extract exerts anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic effects. Frankincense was commonly used for medicinal purposes. This paper aims to provide an overview of current knowledge of the volatile constituents of frankincense, with explicit consideration concerning the diverseBoswelliaspecies. Altogether, more than 340 volatiles inBoswelliahave been reported in the literature. In particular, a broad diversity has been found in the qualitative and quantitative composition of the volatiles with respect to different varieties ofBoswellia. A detailed discussion of the various biological activities ofBoswelliafrankincense is also presented.

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