Therapeutic Potential of Citronella Essential Oil: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 330-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruchi Sharma ◽  
Rekha Rao ◽  
Sunil Kumar ◽  
Sheefali Mahant ◽  
Sarita Khatkar
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Toxic Encephalopathy ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Insect Repellents ◽  
Citronella Oil ◽  
Medicinal Value

Mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria, filariasis, chikunguniya, yellow fever, dengue and Japanese encephalitis are the major cause of remarkable morbidity and mortality in livestock and humans worldwide. Since ancient times, aromatic plants are used for their medicinal value. Essential oils derived from these plants may be used as effective alternatives/adjuvants in pharmaceuticals, biomedical, cosmetic, food, veterinary and agriculture applications. These oils have also gained popularity and interest for prevention and treatment of various disorders. However, several reports on adverse effects including skin eruption, contact artricaria or toxic encephalopathy in children are available for synthetic repellent in the literature. Thus, natural insect repellents like essential oils have been explored recently as an alternative. One such essential oil studied widely, is citronella oil, extracted mainly from Cymbopogon nardus. This essential oil has exhibited good efficacy against mosquitoes. It is a mixture of components including citronellal, citronellol, geraniol as major constituents contributing to various activities (antimicrobial, anthelmintic, antioxidant, anticonvulsant antitrypanosomal and wound healing), besides mosquito repellent action. Citronella essential oil is registered in US EPA (Environmental protection agency) as insect repellent due to its high efficacy, low toxicity and customer satisfaction. However, poor stability in the presence of air and high temperature limits its practical applications. Since specific knowledge on properties and chemical composition of oil is fundamental for its effective application, the present review compiles and discusses biological properties of citronella oil. It also sheds light on various formulations and applications of this essential oil.

scholarly journals Chemical composition, antimicrobial activity and biological properties of essential oils

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Hossein Saeidnejad ◽  
Peyman Rajaei
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Antioxidant Agents ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Oil Repellent

Essential oils constitute a heterogeneous collection of chemical compounds. Their main characteristics are that they all synthesized by plants and are volatile and mostly soluble in ethanol. They have traditionally been obtained from plants and they have been widely used for insecticidal, medicinal and cosmetic purposes. Essential oils contains about 20–60 components at quite different concentrations and they are characterized by two or three major components at fairly high concentrations. Lately, the essential oils and various extracts of plants have gained special interest as sources of natural antimicrobial and antioxidant agents because of the resistance to antibiotics that some microorganisms have acquired and the possible toxicities of the synthetic antioxidants. Spices consumed daily in different types of food to improve flavors, since ancient times, are well known for their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. During recent decades, numerous numbers of plants have been monitored for their possible role as repellents and insecticides. In this review, the chemical composition profile of some important medicinal plants was evaluated, then antimicrobial properties of a number of essential oils was compared. Antioxidant activity of some essential oils was also considered. Finally, essential oil repellent properties an an important characteristics was evaluated. Further investigation for available data related to the other biological properties of medicinal plants essential oil is recommended.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v9i2.12043 International Journal of Life Sciences 9 (2) : 2015; 9-13

scholarly journals Volatilome and Essential Oil of Ulomoides dermestoides: A Broad-Spectrum Medical Insect

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (20) ◽  
pp. 6311
Author(s):  
Paulina J. Cázares-Samaniego ◽  
Claudia G. Castillo ◽  
Miguel A. Ramos-López ◽  
Marco M. González-Chávez
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Alternative Treatment ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Pharmacological Interest ◽  
Main Components

Ulomoides dermestoides are used as a broad-spectrum medical insect in the alternative treatment of various diseases. Preliminary volatilome studies carried out to date have shown, as the main components, methyl-1,4-benzoquinone, ethyl-1,4-benzoquinone, 1-tridecene, 1-pentadecene, and limonene. This work focused on the production of metabolites and their metabolic variations in U. dermestoides under stress conditions to provide additional valuable information to help better understand the broad-spectrum medical uses. To this end, VOCs were characterized by HS-SPME with PEG and CAR/PDMS fibers, and the first reported insect essential oils were obtained. In HS-SMPE, we found 17 terpenes, six quinones, five alkenes, and four aromatic compounds; in the essential oils, 53 terpenes, 54 carboxylic acids and derivatives, three alkynes, 12 alkenes (1-Pentadecene, EOT1: 77.6% and EOT2: 57.9%), 28 alkanes, nine alkyl disulfides, three aromatic compounds, 19 alcohols, three quinones, and 12 aldehydes were identified. Between both study approaches, a total of 171 secondary metabolites were identified with no previous report for U. dermestoides. A considerable number of the identified metabolites showed previous studies of the activity of pharmacological interest. Therefore, considering the wide variety of activities reported for these metabolites, this work allows a broader vision of the therapeutic potential of U. dermestoides in traditional medicine.

scholarly journals Seasonal Study of Methyleugenol Chemotype of Ocimum campechianum Essential Oil and Its Fungicidal and Antioxidant Activities

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1801300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Luis B. Figueiredo ◽  
Sebastião G. Silva ◽  
Lidiane D. Nascimento ◽  
Alessandra R. Ramos ◽  
William N. Setzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Fungicidal Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Dpph Radical ◽  
Ocimum Species ◽  
Main Component ◽  
High Antifungal Activity

Ocimum species (Lamiaceae) have aroused great interest to the scientific community with respect to different biological properties attributed to their essential oils. The seasonal variation and antioxidant and fungical activities were carried out for the essential oil of Ocimum campechianum. Its essential oil showed an excellent yield (0.5–5.3%) throughout the season. The essential oils of leaves/stems and inflorescences were analyzed by GC and GC-MS to identify their volatile constituents and associate them with the antioxidant and antifungal activities. Methyleugenol was the main component in the leaves/stems (80.0-87.0%) and inflorescences (75.3–83.5%). The essential oil and the methyleugenol standard showed low antioxidant activity (<40%) against DPPH radical, but high antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum and Colletotrichum gossypii phytopatogens as well as the mycelial growth and spore germination of the fungi. The high levels of methyleugenol coupled with good fungicidal activity give great agroindustrial potential to this Ocimum species.

Production of Essention Oil from Tobacco Leaves for Insect Repellents

2017 ◽  
Vol 866 ◽  
pp. 53-56
Author(s):  
Varinthorn Boonyaroj ◽  
Amara Amornkaew
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Tobacco Leaves ◽  
Insect Repellents ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Odorous Substances

The production of essential oil from tobacco leaves for insect repellents using a combination of solvent extraction was investigated. Tobacco essential oil is generally different from other essential oils, which usually consist of several special aroma compounds. The tobacco essential oil and solvent extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography with a mass spectrometer (GC–MS). Tobacco essential oils are concentrated odorous substances. Nicotine is present as a major substance and found only trace amounts of the essential oils. Nicotine is an insecticide that affects to insects. This research showed that a development of products forms tobacco leaves and environmentally. This product evaporated pass through a packaging made from luffa gourd. The luffa gourd is a natural packaging can be easily degradation in the environment. Moreover, this product also helped to reduce the hazardous chemicals or pesticides usage in agricultural activities and not residues in the environment for long times.

scholarly journals Impact of Different Storage Conditions on Composition of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus L.) Essential Oil of Tien Giang Province, Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 2743-2747
Author(s):  
Thi Kim Ngan Tran ◽  
Tan Phat Dao ◽  
Thi Cam Quyen Ngo ◽  
Thien Hien Tran ◽  
Ung Thanh Dat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Citronella Oil ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Essential oils are known to be susceptible to changes and degradation that can lead to loss of quality and pharmacological properties. In this work, lemongrass essential oil is stored under different storage conditions under the influence of light and temperature, assessing the physical and chemical properties as well as the chemical composition of the citronella essential oil respectively. The change in the chemical composition of citronella oil is determined based on the storage time of 4 months under different conditions i.e. light (45 ºC) and in dark (4 ºC). To determine the change in the composition of the essential oil, based on the results of GC-MS analysis methods to monitor the chemical changes of the essential oil. The content of main components of citral and β-myrcene increases significantly after storage time under the influence of light and temperature. Some low content components (β-citronello, β-caryophyllen, p-cymen-8-ol, etc.) are likely to be oxidized and lost under light conditions, even in the dark. Therefore, the importance of external storage factors for the chemical and physical stability of essential oils is a matter of concern to control the quality of scientific evaluation.

scholarly journals Chemical composition and yield of essential oil from three Croton species

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuliane Sampaio de Souza ◽  
Oriel Herrera Bonilla ◽  
Eliseu Marlônio Pereira de Lucena ◽  
Yuri Pereira Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Profile ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Daily Time ◽  
Dry And Rainy Seasons

ABSTRACT: Marmeleiros are popularly known for the medicinal properties ascribed to their essential oils. This research aimed to analyze the essential oil of leaves from three Croton species (Croton argyrophylloides, Croton jacobinensis, and Croton sincorensis), to verify whether the daily time and harvest season in the year may interfere with their essential oils performance and composition. From each species, 1,500g of green leaves were harvested in Viçosa do Ceará - CE, at 6am and 12pm, during both dry and rainy seasons. Essential oil extraction was conducted by the method of water vapor drag and chemical profile was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The highest yield was obtained at 12pm in the dry season for C. argyrophylloides and C. jacobinensis, and at 6am in the rainy season for C. sincorensis. Bicyclogermacrene demonstrated higher relative abundance in C. argyrophylloides (28.09 to 30.59%), C. jacobinensis (25.2 to 30.14%), and C. sincorensis (23.86 and 21.71%), and the only exception was at 6am in C. sincorensis, where (E)-caryophyllene was the most abundant compound (25.34%). The yield and composition of the studied species were influenced by rainfall, temperature, and sunlight, presenting statistical significant differences between the different periods studied. The species produce constituents with specific biological properties; and therefore, they can be used as a natural source.

Therapeutic potential of essential oil based microemulsions: Reviewing state-of-the-art

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Thakur ◽  
Gurpreet Kaur ◽  
Ashana Puri ◽  
Rajat Nanda
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Microemulsion System ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Tea Tree ◽  
Drug Delivery Vehicles ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Delivery Vehicles

: A pre-eminent emulsion based micellar drug delivery system, “microemulsion”, comprising of drug in oil or water phase, stabilized by surfactants and co-surfactants, has been evidenced to have phenomenal role in number of applications. Oils play an important role in formation of ME and increase the drug absorption at the site of action. Oils employed in microemulsion formulation solubilize lipophilic drug. As concept of “natural” therapies is recently gaining importance amongst researchers all over the world, scientists are employing essential oil as an organic component in this system. The active components of essential oils include flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, monoterpenes and polyunsaturated of mega-6-fatty acids. These oils are enriched with characteristic intrinsic properties such as anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, etc. bestows an enhanced supremacy to whole microemulsion system. This mini-review is the first to document various types of essential oils employed in microemulsion systems and highlight their therapeutic potential and applications as drug delivery vehicles. Key inferences from this study suggest: 1) Clove oil is the most explored oil for incorporation into microemulsion based system, followed by peppermint and Tea Tree Oil (TTO). 2) Penetration enhancing effects of these oils is due to the presence of terpenic constituents. 3) Essential oil based microemulsions protect volatility of ethereal oils and protect them from degradation in presence of light, air, temperature. 4) These systems may also be explored for their applications in different industries like aromatherapy, food, drink, fragrance, flavour, cosmeceutical, soap, petroleum and pharmaceutical industry.

scholarly journals Essential Oil Composition of Three Peperomia Species from the Amazon, Brazil

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0900400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Natália B. de Lira ◽  
Joyce Kelly R. da Silva ◽  
Eloisa Helena A. Andrade ◽  
Pergentino José C. Sousa ◽  
Nayla N. S. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Essential Oil Composition ◽  
Caryophyllene Oxide ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Larvicidal Activities

The essential oils of three species of Peperomia from the Amazon, Brazil, were hydrodistilled and their 96 volatile constituents identified by GC and GC-MS. The main constituents found in the oil of P. macrostachya were epi-α-bisabolol (15.9%), caryophyllene oxide (12.9%), myristicin (7.6%), an aromatic compound (6.6%) and limonene (5.4%). The oil of P. pellucida was dominated by dillapiole (55.3%), ( E)-caryophyllene (14.3%) and carotol (8.1%). The major volatile found in the oil of P. rotundifolia was decanal (43.3%), probably a fatty acid-derived compound, followed by dihydro-β-santalol (9.0%), ( E)-nerolidol (7.9%) and limonene (7.7%). The aromatic compounds elemicin, myristicin, apiole, dillapiole and safrole identified in these Peperomia species has been found also in Amazon Piper species. The oils and methanol extracts showed high brine shrimp larvicidal activities. The oil of P. rotundifolia (LC50 = 1.9 ± 0.1 μg/mL) was the more toxic, followed by the extract of P. pellucida (LC50 = 2.4 ± 0.5 μg/mL) and the oil of P. macrostachya (LC50 = 9.0 ± 0.4 μg/mL), therefore with important biological properties.

scholarly journals Chemical Compositions of Commercial Essential Oils From Coriandrum sativum Fruits and Aerial Parts

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2093306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prabodh Satyal ◽  
William N. Setzer
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Coriandrum Sativum ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Aerial Parts

Coriander and cilantro, the fruit and herb of Coriandrum sativum, are popular additives in various cuisines worldwide. The essential oils derived from coriander and cilantro are also popular and have shown some remarkable biological properties and health benefits. In this report, we have analyzed the essential oil compositions of 19 commercial coriander and 28 commercial cilantro essential oil samples by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) techniques. In addition, 5 coriander and 4 cilantro commercial essential oil samples were analyzed by chiral GC–MS. Commercial coriander essential oil is dominated by linalool (62.2%-76.7%) with lesser quantities of α-pinene (0.3%-11.4%), γ-terpinene (0.6%-11.6%), and camphor (0.0%-5.5%). Commercial cilantro essential oil is composed largely of (2 E)-decenal (16.0%-46.6%), linalool (11.8%-29.8%), (2 E)-decen-1-ol (0.0%-24.7%), decanal (5.2%-18.7%), (2 E)-dodecenal (4.1%-8.7%), and 1-decanol (0.0%-9.5%). The enantiomeric distribution of linalool was 87% (+)-linalool:13% (−)-linalool in both coriander and cilantro essential oils, while α-pinene was 93% (+):7% (−) in coriander, 90% (+):10% (−) in cilantro; and (+)-camphor:(−)-camphor was 13%:87% in both essential oils. Chiral GC–MS analysis was able to detect an adulterated coriander essential oil sample. The data provided in this study serves to establish a baseline for future evaluations of these essential oils as well as a screen for authenticity or adulteration.

scholarly journals Essential Oil From Psidium guajava Leaves: An Excellent Source of β-Caryophyllene

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1984300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anam Arain ◽  
Syed Tufail Hussain Sherazi ◽  
Sarfaraz Ahmed Mahesar ◽  
Sirajuddin
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
First Time ◽  
Excellent Source ◽  
Chemical Class

The purpose of this study was to investigate the chemical composition of the essential oil extracted from Psidium guajava leaves and to explore the medicinal value of β-caryophyllene in pharmaceutical science. The essential oils of P. guajava leaves were extracted by the hydrodistillation method, using a Clevenger-type apparatus and the chemical composition of essential oils was investigated by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The yield of extracted essential oils was 0.6% (w/w) dry weight. The main compounds found in the leaves were β-caryophyllene (20.34%), globulol (8.20%), trans-nerolidol (7.72%), aromadendrene (4.34%), cis-α-bisabolene (3.82%), tetracosane (3.68%), octadecane (3.66%), Z, Z, Z-1,5,9,9-tetramethyl-1,4,7-cycloundecatriene (3.44%), β-bisabolene (3.41%), limonene (3.09%), octacosane (2.88%), δ-cadinene (2.52%), and 1,4-cadadiene (2.04%). The main chemical class of the essential oil was terpenoids, which represent 71.65%, followed by hydrocarbons (26.31%). A total of 50 components were identified, among these β-caryophyllene was found to be dominant, which has great medicinal value, and some other compounds were also identified for the first time in the essential oil of P. guajava leaves.

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